三槐齋와 周邊 立石에 關한 硏究

安啓福 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1995 연구논문집 Vol.51 No.1

Sam-Gye-Je('Sam' means as three, 'Gye' as chinese scholar tree, and 'Je' as a house for a sacrificial rite), located in Tae-Chung-Dong, Kyungsan City, Kyungbuk, is a traditional landscape element that contains features of Je and menhir together. The object of this study is to identify a background of constriction and to analyze meanings and charateristics of the structure. To achieve these objectives, this study has conducted a literature review, an analysis of Gimun(a description of history, landscape or meaning about Je) and photograph, and a level survey. Conclusions derived from these analyses are as follows : 1. About 250 years ago, Chung-Tae-Woon who lived in Taegu, came to the Chung-Dong. He built Sam-Gye-Je where three chinese scholar trees(Sophora japonica L.) stood, followed by Jung-Lya-Goak(a monumental house of dutiful son) in 1855. It is postulated that there were three menhirs when the Sam-Gye-Je was built. 2. It is postulated that the menhir Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅴ were built in Silla Dynasty or before, but it is difficult to conclude that they were built at the same time. It is because that some variations are found in the shape, the weathering state, and kind of the rock. 3. It is postulated that the Menhir Ⅱ and Ⅳ were built in 1855, it is believed that the statues were built to inherit the ancestors' high aim and life(loyalty and filial piety) to their decedants. 4. It is hard to conclude that incisions on the menhir were concurrent. However, contents of the incisions have a strong connection with the meaning of the Je, particularly in the V-menhir. Also menhir Ⅰ and Ⅴ reflected a meaning of elegance, considering the surrounding landform. 5. It is very unique to build the menhir at the Je. Furthermore, it is very interesting to arrange 5 menhirs in one line, even though they were not built at the same time. 6. The origin of the menhir and other details that is not disclosed in this study should be followed by a further research.

우리나라 養豚産業의 現況과 改良 方向

金桂雄 公州大學校 産業開發硏究所 1996 産業開發硏究 Vol.4 No.-

This research was undertaken in order to survey and analyze the current status of raising pigs. Furthermore, this paper was analyzed for getting a systematical improvement method by means of mating type of sow and boar. These data used were collected from recent secondary raw data. The results obtained from this research were abstracted as follows; 1. The number of raising pigs has tendency to increase gradually. On the other hand, the number of farm household has tendency to decrease gradually, therefore, the farm size are changing with large scale of average of 168.5 pigs. 2. The farm price of pig at alive 90kg was high one with 176,000won in 199. However, that of pig had been maintaining with low value of 155,000won in 1995. 3. The meat consumption per Capita was 27.75kg in 1995, the pork of total meat consumption was 54 percentage. Accordingly, the pork has been important resources of meat from now on. 4. The alive pigs imported had been increased gradually up to 3,696 heads of various breeds from different countries in 1995. Most of the animals imported alive have been utilized as breeding pigs. 5. The pork imported will show an increment according to establishing WTO. In end of 1995, the pork was imported from Denmark, United states, United kingdom, etc. 6. The international competive productivities have to be enhanced with the focus of economy of feedstuff cost and automatic machine. Therefore, economy of production cost in our farm will be required. 7. The pyramid pattern is required in population of pigs. So to speak, the nucleus herd shall be located in the top part of whole population. On the other hand, fattening commercial herd will be utilized for pork production with low location of whole population construction. 8. The excellent characteristics obtained from breeding sow and boar have to be maintained continually for improvement of breeding animals by means of public test station, and individual performance test station. 9. The hybrid will be obtained with the help of the mating types of prolific and superior animals. The three-way crossbreds have been used for fattening pig production. 10. Our farms have to secure the resources of breeding animal. And then, the study for improvement of prolific performances by utilizing Meishan dam from china will have to be continued. 11. The dam and sire with the negative genotype against stress susceptibilities have to be secured in order to produce genetically excellent pig. In addition, in order to get high equality meat, improvement of meat qualities has to be made through reconstruction of system feeding feedstuffs.

물류센터에서의 재고관리시스템 전략

송계의 東西大學校 1999 동서논문집 Vol.5 No.-

Inventory Management Strategy at Logistics Center is the physical essence of virtually all logistics system. Hence, thoughtful Inventory Management Strategy at Logistics Center is crucial to the success of most logistics operations. Many practical inventory problems at Logistics Center exist, and it is influenced on many factors such as demand forecastion, inventory objectives, inventory control technique, center site, layout, order picking method, information system, etc. Therefore, effective inventory management strategy at logistics center is depended on systemizing all these factors. Also, effective inventory management means keeping capital at the lowest possible level consistent with a balance of direct and indirect costs attributed to inventory level and with the need to maintain a desired level of customer service. Recently, pull inventory control methods is most used for effective inventory management.

造景史에 있어서 새로운 接近方法의 模索(I) : 日本造藝學會誌 60여년의 造園史 硏究 動向에 대하여

安啓福 대구효성가톨릭 대학교 1997 연구논문집 Vol.54 No.2

The objective of this study is to analyse a research trend of the Japanese land-scape history and to provide guidelines for future studies of a landscape history. To abtain these objectives, this study has reviewed 407 landscape history articles which were published in the Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture since the first edition of 1935. The result of this analysis are as follows: 1. The articles, related to the history of landscape architecture, were 407 out of the total 1648 that were published between 1935 and 1995, and occupied 24.7%, respectively. 2. The number of landscape history articles has risen 4.5 times in 1990's, compared to that of 1930's, but the portion of the landscape history has maintained 20-30% of the total articles. 3. It was turned out that the most active periods in the research of landscape history were the 1940's and 1970's, occupying aove 30%. The reasons were to search for original forms of the Japanese landscape gardening and their influencing factors in the 1940's and to narrow and extend their subjects in the 1970's. 4. The 1960's was a turning period in the methods and contents of landscape history, focusing on modern park and historical landscape. Also it was a period to inform the Japanese garden to the world thorugh the economic growth and the Celemony of Olympic Game and IFLA in 1964. 5. The 1970's was a focusing and extending period, diversifying the subjects in every field of landscape history. This trend was continued to the 1980's. 6. In the 1980's, the researches were oriented to a diversification of not only the subject but the methodology, including a comparative study in the landscape style and scientific method. In terms of their contends, there were a great increase on the areas of modern park and historical landscape. 7. The 1990's was a period of following 1980's trend. In terms of the research methodology, diversified scientific methods were used. Regarding to the subject, many articles have concentrated on a revelation of social circumstance in a specific period, identifying and analysing peculiar materials. 8. To summarize the research trends of the Japanese landscape, it can be said that the period between 1930's -1950's were a period of searching for an original Japanese Garden, and 1960's was a transition period, and 1970-1990's were a period of diversification in the subject and in the development research methodology.

邑誌途 分析을 통한「臺」의 原型에 관한 硏究

安啓福 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1998 연구논문집 Vol.57 No.2

Analysing many imaes that were contained in the 19C conuntry-wide maps of Chosun Dynasty, this study has sought prototypes of Dae in Korea. Eight prototypes of Dae in Korea has turned out. 1) A type of huge and flat rock is found mainly in stream and ridge, and divided in 3 groups : ① like stairs at stream, ② flat rock with hight located in ridge, ③ flat rock without hight located in stream. 2) A type of a mountain peak located in inland area, and divided in 3 groups. : ① type of "П" ② type of "∩" ③ type of "∧". 3) A type of cliff is found mainly in stream and seashore and divided in 2 groups. : ① type of "Ω" mainly located in seashore, ② cliff with flat mainly located in curved stream

투과 전자현미경을 이용한 Y-PSZ에서 정방정상의 관찰

이계송 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 1991 硏究論文集 Vol.9 No.-

부분 안정화 지르코니아 소결체(12 wt% Y-PSZ)를 열처리함으로 나타나는 정방정 지르코니아(t'과 t-지르코니아)의 미세구조를 투과 전자현미경으로 관찰 하였다. 1400℃ 이상의 온도에서 열처리 한 후 상온으로 급냉시키면, t'-정방정이 나타나는데 이상은 yttria 양이 원래의 조성과 비슷하고, 미세구조상에서 90˚쌍정이 특징적이며, 각각의 90˚쌍정 안에 antiphase domain boundary(APB)가 존재하는 미세구조를 보였다. t'-지르코니아는 고온에서 불안정하여 1400℃에서 열역학적 평형상인 입방정과 t- 지르코니아로 분해되었다. 미세한 t-지르코니아는 고온에서 성장하여 정방정상으로 자라 특정 방향으로 배열되었다. Sintered yttria-partially-stabilized zirconia(12wt% Y-PSZ)was investigated using TEM, focused on the microstructural evolution of tetragonal phases by heat treatment. When the specimens, which had been heat treated above 1400℃, were quenched to room temperature, t'-phase was abserved. This t'-phase was characterized by its higher yttria content, 90˚twins and APB's within each twin. T'-phase was unstable to high temperature and was decomposed into thermodynamic equilibrium phases ; t-ZrO₂ precipitates and cubic phase below 1400℃. Small tetragonal zirconias grew into rectangular-shaped precipitates at higher temperature and were aligned in specific directions.

복합레진 적용에 따른 광중합형 글라스아이오노머 시멘트의 변연 적합도의 변화

이계영,이광원,박수정 大韓齒科保存學會 1999 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.24 No.1

치료용 비스마스화합물의 적용과 특성

이계주 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2000 藥學論文集 Vol.16 No.-

This is the article on the properties, uses, methods of elaboration, qualitative and quantitative evaluations, of organic and inorganic bismuth trivalent compounds. The obvious accent appears to be on the therapeutic uses. However, their interests, will relate to all, for the reader looking beyond that first impression will be treated to an amazingly rich compendium of historical applications that can only prompt new questions and open up unsuspected horizons in seemingly unrelated area.

緩傾斜方程式을 사용한 尙州海濱의 海濱流 解析

咸契運,張大正 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2000 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.16 No.-

Maruyama and Kajima(1985) model, based on the time-dependent mild slope equation, is employed in computing wave transformations involving refraction, diffraction, and energy dissipation by the wave breaking in the surf zone. For the radiation stress, to offer the driving force to the wave-induced currents, Watanabe and Maruyama(1986) formula is used because of being relatively simple and being able to minimize the numerical error. To calculate the wave-induced currents, the depth-integrated and time-averaged continuity and Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible fluid are made use of, and solutions for them are numerically obtained by using a finite difference method.

邑誌圖 分析을 통한 韓國 傳統의 Waterfront 景觀 特性에 관한 硏究

安啓福 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1998 연구논문집 Vol.57 No.2

1871년부터 1899년 사이에 각 郡縣에서 그린 邑誌圖와 보조 분석자료로써 民畵와 산수화를 대상으로 총 40개소의 郡縣에 나타난 74가지의 특성을 분석한 결과, 한국 전통의 waterfront 경관의 특징은 다음과 같은 것으로 나타났다. 1) 절벽형은 주로 동해안을 따라 발달 했는데, 해안에 절벽이 발달한 곳을 중요시하여 이곳에 臺나 정자를 두는 경우가 많았다. 臺인 경우 臺 위에 건물이 있는 경우가 20% 밖에 되지 않아 많은 경우 건물을 짓지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 절벽 가운데에도 수직적 절리가 발달한 경관을 중요시 하였다. 2) U字型은 전통 Waterfront 경관 가운데 가장 출현빈도가 높은 유형이다. 이 유형은 「灣+建物」,「島+灣+建物」, 그리고 「海門+灣+城郭+船所」의 세가지 세부 유형이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 3) 立岩型은 출현빈도(9.5%)가 높지는 않았지만 해안에 특이한 형태로 서 있는 바위를 중요시 여기고 생긴 모습에 따라 적당한 이름을 붙였다. 4) 돌출형(거점형)은 전 경관을 한 눈에 볼 수 있는 장소를 귀하게 여겨 臺나 亭子를 둔 것으로 나타났다. 특히 절벽형과 돌출형인 경우 강한 이미지를 형성한 것으로 보인다. 5) 凹凸型 육지가 직선 형태로 바다속으로 밀고들어 가거나 혹은 그 반대인 경우로 보이도록 조성한 Waterfront 경관이 있었다. 7) 경관 인식은 도로 보다는 하천이, 모래사장보다는 절벽을 더 중요하게 인식하는 것으로 나타낫다. 6) 해안선은 자연 상태로 되어있는 경우와 석축을 쌓은 경우, 요철형으로 만든 경우가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 7) Waterfront 경관의 중요 구성 요소를 보면 수직적 절리가 발달한 절벽, 특이한 형태의 島, 특이한 형태의 立岩, 동굴, 海門, 해변가의 솔밭, 솔밭 사이로 난 길, 臺, 亭子, 海倉, 船所, U字形 의 灣, 그리고 바닷가에 흩어져 있는 바위군 등인 것으로 나타났다. Analysing many images that were contained in the 19C county-wide maps of Chosun Dynasty, this study has sought characteristics of traditional waterfront landscape of Korea. Five types of the traditional waterfront landscape of Korea has turned out. 1) Cliff type : Cliff type, one of many traditional waterfront landscape, would found mainly in Eastern coast in korea, prominently in Kwang-Won Province. Examining the images of maps, many cliffs are presented by fragmented rocks with layers that developed in vertical. People built a pavillion or used cliff rocks themselves as 'Dae' to view and rest. 2) U-shaped type : U-shaped types are found in all part of the Korean Sea: East, West, and South. There are 3 detailed different U-shaped types. ① Bay+Building : This type is found in 'Kang-Nung'. The maps showed that each pavillion was placed at an end of inner bay in a ginger shaped multi-bay. A well developed sand-dung posed a sea-gate, but it wasn't recorded as a sea-gate. ② Island+Bay+Building : This type has drawn with most detailed and with technique 'San-Su' painting. It is believed that the U-shape shoreline has built with rocks, and is characterized that there are docking places or piers in a straight and curve shoreline. ③ Sea-gate+Bay+Wall+Docking place : A navy fort in Choong-Chung province built a fortress, utilizing crests of shoreline, and placed 4 gates. Characteristics of this waterfrong landscape are that there are sea-gates, and docking places(ㄱ shape), using U-shaped natural rocks. 3) Elevated rocks type : An image map of 'Seo-Gyee Po' in Jae-Ju province shows 'Ye-Dol' elevated rocks, called 'a general stone', with a peculiar form. 4) Cape type: Cape was considered as an important waterfront place, and placed a pavillion, 'Dae' etc. People placed a pavillion or 'Dae' on a cliff, a point, or a land protrude into water. This is a good place to obtain a panoramic view or a variety of view. 5) Geometric shaped type: This type can be much seen in trade prots or navy bases. It is a type of reshaping water-shore into a rectangular dock to moor the ships.