The effect of fluoride-containing oral rinses on the corrosion resistance of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V)

Gui-Yue Huang,Heng Bo Jiang,Jung-Yul Cha,Kwang-Mahn Kim,Chung-Ju Hwang 대한치과교정학회 2017 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.47 No.5

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of commercially available fluoride-containing oral rinses on the corrosion behavior of titanium alloys, which are the main components of orthodontic miniscrews. Methods: Four commercially available oral rinses (solution A, pH 4.46/260 ppm fluoride; solution B, pH 4.41/178 ppm fluoride; solution C, pH 6.30/117 ppm fluoride; and solution D, pH 4.17/3.92 ppm fluoride) were tested on titanium alloy (Ti- 6Al-4V) circular plates, and saline was used as the control. The open-circuit potential and potentiodynamic polarization of these materials were measured. Thereafter, all samples were evaluated under a field-emission scanning electron microscope. Results: Among the tested oral rinses, except solution D, the more the fluoride content was, the greater was the corrosion potential downtrend; the corrosion resistance of the titanium alloy sample was also lowered significantly (p < 0.05). Field-emission scanning electron microscopic analysis of the surface morphology of the titanium alloy samples revealed that all samples had some defects, crevices, or pitting after exposure to the oral rinses than before treatment. In particular, the samples in solution A showed the most changes. Conclusions: Commercially available oral rinses having a high fluoride concentration and a low pH may reduce the corrosion resistance of titanium alloys used in dental appliances such as orthodontic titanium miniscrews and brackets.

Development of polymorphic EST-SSR markers by sequence alignment in Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)

Jiani Liu,Zheng-Yue Li,Xiaoyan Chen,Heping Huang,Furong Gui 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.3

The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, is the most economically important agronomic pest withinThysanoptera because it is both a direct pest of horticulture crops and an efficient vector of plant viruses. Sixty-seven polymorphic SSR loci were identified in the contigs (containing redundant ESTs) generated byassembling 13,839 F. occidentalis ESTs from the public sequence database. Nineteen SSR markers exhibited polymorphismamong 860 samples from43 F. occidentalis populations,with alleles per SSR marker ranging fromtwoto eight, the effective number of alleles (Ne) range from 0.73 to 2.64; the observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygositiesranged from 0.09 to 0.77 and 0.12 to 0.96, respectively. The PIC values were from 0.24 to 0.73. AMOVA revealed most genetic variation resided within, rather than between, greenhouse and field isolates. The Mantel test showed no significant differences between genetic and geographical distances. We demonstratedthe value of mining the redundant sequences in public sequence databases for the development of polymorphicSSR markers, which can be used for better understanding population variation and spreading of the invasive pestF. occidentalis.

Augmenter of Liver Regeneration Alleviates Renal Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury by Regulating Mitochondrial Dynamics in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Long, Rui-ting,Peng, Jun-bo,Huang, Li-li,Jiang, Gui-ping,Liao, Yue-juan,Sun, Hang,Hu, Yu-dong,Liao, Xiao-hui Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2019 Molecules and cells Vol.42 No.12

Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that constantly undergo fission and fusion processes that closely related to their function. Disruption of mitochondrial dynamics has been demonstrated in acute kidney injury (AKI), which could eventually result in cell injury and death. Previously, we reported that augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) alleviates renal tubular epithelial cell injury. Here, we gained further insights into whether the renoprotective roles of ALR are associated with mitochondrial dynamics. Changes in mitochondrial dynamics were examined in experimental models of renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR). In a model of hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) injury in vitro, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and mitochondrial fission process protein 1 (MTFP1), two key proteins of mitochondrial fission, were downregulated in the Lv-ALR + HR group. ALR overexpression additionally had an impact on phosphorylation of Drp1 Ser637 during AKI. The inner membrane fusion protein, Optic Atrophy 1 (OPA1), was significantly increased whereas levels of outer membrane fusion proteins Mitofusin-1 and -2 (Mfn1, Mfn2) were not affected in the Lv-ALR + HR group, compared with the control group. Furthermore, the mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling pathway was highly activated in the Lv-ALR + HR group. ALR overexpression led to suppression of HR-induced apoptosis. Our collective findings indicate that ALR gene transfection alleviates mitochondrial injury, possibly through inhibiting fission and promoting fusion of the mitochondrial inner membrane, both of which contribute to reduction of HK-2 cell apoptosis. Additionally, fission processes are potentially mediated by promoting tubular cell survival through activating the mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling pathway.

A Generative Adversarial Network to Denoise Depth Maps for Quality Improvement of DIBR-Synthesized Stereoscopic Images

Zhang Chuang,Sun Xian-wen,Xu Jiawei,Huang Xiao-yu,Yu Gui-yue,Park Seop Hyeong 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.4

Depth map quality is an important factor that aff ects the quality of synthesized stereoscopic images in stereoscopic visual communication systems using the depth image-based rendering (DIBR) technique. This paper proposes a method using a generative adversarial network (GAN) to denoise depth maps corrupted by several types of distortion. The generative network of the proposed GAN builds on convolutional layers, residual layers, and transposed convolutional layers with symmetric skip connections. The discriminative network of the proposed GAN is designed as a convolutional neural network. The generative network for denoising depth maps is trained with cropped depth maps where distortion is applied. Objective and subjective assessment of denoised depth maps and DIBR-synthesized stereoscopic images demonstrate that the proposed GAN eff ectively reduces the distortion in the depth maps and improves the quality of DIBR-synthesized stereoscopic images.

Augmenter of Liver Regeneration Alleviates Renal Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury by Regulating Mitochondrial Dynamics in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Xiao-hui Liao,Rui-ting Long,Jun-bo Peng,Li-li Huang,Gui-ping Jiang,Yue-juan Liao,Hang Sun,Yu-dong Hu 한국분자세포생물학회 2019 Molecules and cells Vol.42 No.12

Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that constantly undergo fission and fusion processes that closely related to their function. Disruption of mitochondrial dynamics has been demonstrated in acute kidney injury (AKI), which could eventually result in cell injury and death. Previously, we reported that augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) alleviates renal tubular epithelial cell injury. Here, we gained further insights into whether the renoprotective roles of ALR are associated with mitochondrial dynamics. Changes in mitochondrial dynamics were examined in experimental models of renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR). In a model of hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) injury in vitro, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and mitochondrial fission process protein 1 (MTFP1), two key proteins of mitochondrial fission, were downregulated in the Lv-ALR + HR group. ALR overexpression additionally had an impact on phosphorylation of Drp1 Ser637 during AKI. The inner membrane fusion protein, Optic Atrophy 1 (OPA1), was significantly increased whereas levels of outer membrane fusion proteins Mitofusin-1 and -2 (Mfn1, Mfn2) were not affected in the Lv-ALR + HR group, compared with the control group. Furthermore, the mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling pathway was highly activated in the Lv-ALR + HR group. ALR overexpression led to suppression of HR-induced apoptosis. Our collective findings indicate that ALR gene transfection alleviates mitochondrial injury, possibly through inhibiting fission and promoting fusion of the mitochondrial inner membrane, both of which contribute to reduction of HK-2 cell apoptosis. Additionally, fission processes are potentially mediated by promoting tubular cell survival through activating the mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling pathway.