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( Christine Grogan ) 한국영미문학페미니즘학회 2013 영미문학페미니즘 Vol.21 No.1
In The Critical Response to Ralph Ellison, Robert .J. Butler ends his overview of Invisible Man`s critical reception by stating, “Certainly much more needs to be said about Ellison`s envisioning of female experience and how feminine values are an important part of his vision” (xxxvii). Much more needs to be said because Ellison`s stance on the experiences of females has not been so clear, especially in his epic novel, Invisible Man. The question remains: Is Ellison`s widely-read novel a critique of sexism in America or is the novel itself deeply marred by it? This article revisits the second chapter of Invisible Man - the “Trueblood episode” - to argue that Ellison has Jim Trueblood fashion a crude story of father-daughter incest to combat the impotence brought on by a white male supremacist society that bonds together over racism. Although many have correctly claimed that Trueblood`s tall tale is told at the expense of his daughter, who, like most of the female characters in the book, is denied complexity arid humanity, this article argues that Ellison`s chapter subtly challenges patriarchal phallocentrism by hinting at a proto-femiriist message in suggesting what some feminists would later claim that father-daughter incest is a normal function of heteropatriarchy, not a breakdown in the social order.
Applying the ILTA Guidelines to Classroom-based Assessment in a Japanese University
Myles Grogan 한국영어평가학회 2017 영어평가 Vol.12 No.1
Classroom-based assessment is taking an increasingly prominent place in the testing literature. Testing organizations such as ILTA are taking a lead in addressing issues arising from this shift, but there is a mismatch between some concepts and psychometric language used by assessment experts on the one hand, and the everyday experience of teaching on the other. The warrants and rebuttals of a classroom validity discussion need to be grounded within the specifics of a context. The goal of this presentation is to look at such a specific setting, with reference to how the ILTA Guidelines for Practice affect classroom assessment. Beginning with an overview of the Guidelines, including their goals and origins, the paper then introduces the Japanese educational context. Discussion of the Guidelines centres on EFL classes at a large private university in Japan, and how teachers of those classes may use such guidelines to construct grades, as well as how those grades may be interpreted. The discussion concludes with a reframing of the technical debates of validity and reliability, particularly looking at the issue of constructing language that can be used by both qualitative and quantitative perspectives. Following reflection on the strengths and shortcomings of the guidelines, it is hoped that readers will explore their own roles in the construction of grades, and what guidelines may be helpful in their own context.
Delva, Jorge,Grogan-Kaylor, Andrew,Steinhoff, Emily,Shin, Dong-Eok,Siefert, Kristine The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2007 예방의학회지 Vol.40 No.2
Objectives : This study characterized the extent to which youth depressive symptoms, parental alcohol problems, and parental drinking account for differences in alcohol-related problems among a large sample of adolescent females. Methods : The stratified sample consists of 2077 adolescent females from twelve female-only high schools located in a large metropolitan city in the Republic of Korea. Students completed a questionnaire about alcohol use and alcohol problems, their parents' alcohol problems, and a number of risk and protective factors. Data were analyzed using tobit regression analyses to better characterize the associations among variables. Results : Almost two-thirds of students who consume alcohol had experienced at least one to two alcohol-related problems in their lives and 54.6% reported at least one current symptom of depression, with nearly one-third reporting two depressive symptoms. Two-thirds of the students indicated that at least one parent had an alcohol-related problem, and that approximately 29% had experienced several problems. Results of tobit regression analyses indicate that youth alcohol-related problems are positively associated with depressive symptoms (p<0.01) and parent drinking problems (p<0.05). Parental drinking is no longer significant when the variable parental attention is added to the model. Decomposition of the tobit parameters shows that for every unit of increase in depressive symptoms and in parent drinking problems, the probability of a youth experiencing alcohol problems increases by 6% and 1%, respectively. For every unit of increase in parental attention, the probability of youth experiencing drinking problems decreases by 5%. Conclusions : This study presents evidence that alcohol-related problems and depressive symptoms are highly prevalent among adolescent females. Although a comprehensive public health approach is needed to address drinking and mental health problems, different interventions are needed to target factors associated with initiation of alcohol problems and those associated with increased alcohol problems among those who already began experiencing such problems.
Susceptibility of amphibians to chytridiomycosis is associated with MHC class II conformation
Bataille, Arnaud,Cashins, Scott D.,Grogan, Laura,Skerratt, Lee F.,Hunter, David,McFadden, Michael,Scheele, Benjamin,Brannelly, Laura A.,Macris, Amy,Harlow, Peter S.,Bell, Sara,Berger, Lee,Waldman, Bru The Royal Society 2015 Proceedings, Biological sciences Vol.282 No.1805
<P>The pathogenic chytrid fungus <I>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</I> (Bd) can cause precipitous population declines in its amphibian hosts. Responses of individuals to infection vary greatly with the capacity of their immune system to respond to the pathogen. We used a combination of comparative and experimental approaches to identify major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) alleles encoding molecules that foster the survival of Bd-infected amphibians. We found that Bd-resistant amphibians across four continents share common amino acids in three binding pockets of the MHC-II antigen-binding groove. Moreover, strong signals of selection acting on these specific sites were evident among all species co-existing with the pathogen. In the laboratory, we experimentally inoculated Australian tree frogs with Bd to test how each binding pocket conformation influences disease resistance. Only the conformation of MHC-II pocket 9 of surviving subjects matched those of Bd-resistant species. This MHC-II conformation thus may determine amphibian resistance to Bd, although other MHC-II binding pockets also may contribute to resistance. Rescuing amphibian biodiversity will depend on our understanding of amphibian immune defence mechanisms against Bd. The identification of adaptive genetic markers for Bd resistance represents an important step forward towards that goal.</P>
Li, Feng,Yoshizawa, Janice M.,Kim, Kyoung-Mee,Kanjanapangka, Julie,Grogan, Tristan R.,Wang, Xiaoyan,Elashoff, David E.,Ishikawa, Shigeo,Chia, David,Liao, Wei,Akin, David,Yan, Xinmin,Lee, Min-Sun,Choi, American Association for Clinical Chemistry, Inc. 2018 Clinical chemistry Vol.64 No.10
<P><B>BACKGROUND:</B></P><P>Biomarkers are needed for noninvasive early detection of gastric cancer (GC). We investigated salivary extracellular RNA (exRNA) biomarkers as potential clinical evaluation tools for GC.</P><P><B>METHODS:</B></P><P>Unstimulated whole saliva samples were prospectively collected from 294 individuals (163 GC and 131 non-GC patients) who underwent endoscopic evaluation at the Samsung Medical Center in Korea. Salivary transcriptomes of 63 GC and 31 non-GC patients were profiled, and mRNA biomarker candidates were verified with reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). In parallel, microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers were profiled and verified with saliva samples from 10 GC and 10 non-GC patients. Candidate biomarkers were validated with RT-qPCR in an independent cohort of 100/100 saliva samples from GC and non-GC patients. Validated individual markers were configured into a best performance panel.</P><P><B>RESULTS:</B></P><P>We identified 30 mRNA and 15 miRNA candidates whose expression pattern associated with the presence of GC. Among them, 12 mRNA and 6 miRNA candidates were verified with the discovery cohort by RT-qPCR and further validated with the independent cohort (n = 200). The configured biomarker panel consisted of 3 mRNAs (<I>SPINK7</I>, <I>PPL</I>, and <I>SEMA4B</I>) and 2 miRNAs (<I>MIR140-5p</I> and <I>MIR301a</I>), which were all significantly down-regulated in the GC group, and yielded an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.72–0.89). When combined with demographic factors, the AUC of the biomarker panel reached 0.87 (95% CI, 0.80–0.93).</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS:</B></P><P>We have discovered and validated a panel of salivary exRNA biomarkers with credible clinical performance for the detection of GC. Our study demonstrates the potential utility of salivary exRNA biomarkers in screening and risk assessment for GC.</P>
Contemporary Imaging Diagnosis of Cardiac Amyloidosis
Seung-Pyo Lee,박준빈,Hyung-Kwan Kim,Yong Jin Kim,Martha Grogan,Dae-Won Sohn 한국심초음파학회 2019 Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (J Cardiovasc Im Vol.27 No.1
Cardiac amyloidosis is a rare disease that frequently presents as ventricular hypertrophy. However, diagnosis is not always easy or straightforward as there are several myocardial disorders that phenocopy cardiac amyloidosis. Here, we present a narrative review of the current modalities that are actively used or being developed for diagnosis and follow-up of cardiac amyloidosis. Although not all of the findings may be present in those with cardiac amyloidosis, there are some clues in each diagnostic step that help lead to confirmatory diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis; we believe that cardiologists should be familiar with these clues.