온라인 紛爭解決에 관한 硏究

박철수,류건우 계명대학교 국제학연구소 2003 국제학논총 Vol.8 No.-

One of the main challenges facing e-commerce is how to resolve cross-border disputes in the electronic business environment. The main forms of ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) are arbitration, mediation and negotiation, processes that are effective in settling disputes out of court and in a manner that is less formal than litigation in court. When ADR takes place using computer-mediated communications in the online environment, it is often referred to as ODR (Online Dispute Resolution). The value of ODR extends beyond the number of disputes actually resolved. This paper looks at the history of ODR, its nature and use in different contexts, and what role it can perform in fostering the trusting relationships that are necessary for e-commerce to grow in developing countries. Also, focuses on the challenges involved in implementing ODR in developing countries. The history of ODR can be divided into three main time periods: pre-1995, 1995 to 1999 and post-1999. Although ODR is still in its infancy or non-existent in a majority of developing countries, it has the potential to grow and to provide fair and inexpensive adjudication of disputes arising out of online transactions. Developing countries wishing to promote and facilitate ODR as an alternative to national litigation can consider the following recommendations. ⅰ) Treat as a priority education and awareness raising among merchants and consumers regarding the impact and increasing importance of ADR/ODR in resolving commercial disputes. Educational programmes aimed at promoting awareness and knowledge of out-of-court dispute settlement mechanisms in developing countries could play a crucial role in the development of ODR. ⅱ) Give sufficient attention to cultural and linguistic differences in providing ODR services. ⅲ) Ensure that national legislation facilitates the use of out-of-court dispute settlement schemes. ⅳ) Consider acceding to the 1958 New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, which allows the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards. ⅴ) Promote voluntary adherence by e-businesses to trustmark and reliability programmes.

A View of Regionalism and Sub-regionalism in the APEC context

RYU, Geun-Woo 계명대학교 국제학연구소 1996 국제학논총 Vol.1 No.-

Delta Neutrophil Index is a Predictor of Disease Severity in Patients with Acute Pyelonephritis

( Geun Woo Ryu ),( Hyung Woo Kim ),( Seohyun Park ),( Sul A Lee ),( Jonghyun Jhee ),( Su-young Jung ),( Hyung Jung Oh ),( Jung Tak Park ),( Seung Hyeok Han ),( Shin-wook Kang ),( Tae-hyun Yoo ) 대한내과학회 2015 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Background: Delta neutrophil index (DNI) is the fraction of immature granulocytes provided by a complete blood count analyzer. Previous studies demonstrated that DNI is a novel marker to predict outcomes in sepsis patients. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate DNI as a predictor of disease severity in patients with acute pyelonephritis (APN). Methods: Patients diagnosed with APN at Severance Hospital from December 2009 to July 2012 were retrospectively investigated. DNI levels were measured at the time of admission. The patients were classified into two groups according to the median value of DNI at baseline. Severe APN was diagnosed with one or more of these conditions including bacteremia, acute kidney injury, hypotension requiring use of vasopressors and admission of intensive care unit. Independent risk factors for severe APN were determined by multiple logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for DNI, white blood cell (WBC) count and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results: A total of 258 patients were included in this study. The median age was 61.0 (19.0-87.0), 237 patients (91.9%) were female, and the median DNI level was 2.5%. Severe APN was significantly more prevalent in high DNI group. Multivariate analysis showed that DNI, WBC count and CRP level independently predicted severe APN. DNIwas a better predictive marker of severe APN than WBC count, as reflectd by area under the ROC curve analysis (0.697 [95% CI, 0.637-0.753] vs. 0.562 [95% CI, 0.499-0.624], p=0.0013). DNI was not inferior to CRP levels to predict severe APN (0.697 [95% CI, 0.637-0.753] vs. 0.633 [95% CI, 0.571-0.692], p=0.1185). Conclusions: DNI level at admission is a valuable predictor of disease severity in patients with APN.

WCO의 CDM과 UCR을 수용한 전자통관시스템 발전 방안

류건우 ( Geun Woo Ryu ),김영춘 ( Young Chun Kim ) 한국통상정보학회 2007 통상정보연구 Vol.9 No.2

WTO 섬유협정과 EU 의 섬유교역 자유화정책에 관한 연구

류건우(Geun-woo Ryu),김승민(Sung-Min Kim) 한국유럽학회 2000 유럽연구 Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study is to examine a useful policy implication of korea`s export strategy to the EU through reviewing the trade liberalization policy of the EU in the European textile and clothing industry. The EU trade policy in the textiles sector has been undertaken by a series of special Multi-Fiber Arrangement(MFA) and the preferential or bilateral trade agreement. Since establishment of the WTO, the EU has dismantled the MFA quota system in compliance with the Agreement on Textile and Clothing(ATC). The EU`s import quantitative restrictions such as import quota, safeguard, and other trade regulations have barn revised in line with the ATC which have placed it in the broader context of progress to improve market access to trading partners for EU products. The EU will be expected to strengthen the obligations of ATC rules and disciplines based on the principle of reciprocity. Accordingly, the abolishment of quota system gives an opportunity or a threat to Korea`s textile trade situation.

國際貿易에 있어서 産業內 分業現象에 관한 理論 考察

柳建佑(Ryu Geun Woo) 계명대학교 산학연구소 1985 經營經濟 Vol.18 No.1

國際貿易의 産業組織論的 分析

柳建佑(Ryu Geun Woo) 계명대학교 산학연구소 1991 經營經濟 Vol.24 No.2

Photosensitive Full-Swing Multi-Layer MoS₂ Inverters With Light Shielding Layers

Ryu, Jae Hyeon,Baek, Geun-Woo,Yu, Seung Jae,Seo, Seung Gi,Jin, Sung Hun IEEE 2017 IEEE electron device letters Vol.38 No.1

<P>Multi-layeredMoS(2) inverters with light shielding layers were fabricated and demonstrated for application in highly sensitive photodetectors, exploiting the particular advantages of an atomically thin layer and a sizable electrical bandgap. The photoleakage behaviors of the inverters under changing wavelengths of light were experimentally demonstrated to occur in a controlledmanner andwere analytically validated by load-line analysis. When the inverters were operated with a depletion load in the light of blue light emitting diodes, the low noise margin and transition width were significantly enhanced, by approximately 20% and 220%, respectively, as compared with those of the inverters in the dark.</P>

Spray-coated single walled carbon nanotubes as source and drain electrodes in SnO thin-film transistors

Ryu, Jae Hyeon,Baek, Geun-Woo,Kim, Seung Yeob,Kwon, Hyuck-In,Jin, Sung Hun Institute of Physics 2018 Semiconductor science and technology Vol.33 No.7

<P>In this letter, spray-coated single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as one of alternative electrodes in SnO thin-film transistors are demonstrated for emerging electronic applications. Herein, the device architecture of SnO TFTs with a polymer etch stop layer (SU-8) enables the selective etching of SWNTs in a desired region without the detrimental effects of SnO channel layers. Moreover, SnO TFTs with SWNT electrodes as substitutes successfully demonstrate decent width normalized electrical contact properties (∼1.49 kΩ cm), field effect mobility (∼0.69 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1 </SUP>s<SUP>−1</SUP>), sub-threshold slope (∼0.4 V dec<SUP>−1</SUP>), and current on–off ratio (<I>I</I> <SUB>on</SUB>/<I>I</I> <SUB>off</SUB>?∼?3.5?×?10<SUP>3</SUP>). Systematic temperature dependency measurements elucidate that SnO channel transports with an activation energy within several tens of meV, together with decent contact resistance as compared to that of conventional Ni electrodes.</P>

「小島 淸」의 巨視經濟的 海外直接投資理論에 關한 硏究

柳建佑 啓明大學校 産業經營硏究所 1984 經營經濟 Vol.17 No.1

Professor Kojima identified the characteristics of two different methods or styles of Direct Foreign Investment: the Japanese style and American style, trade-oriented vs. anti-trade-oriented direct investment. The kojima hypotheses has both descriptive and normative elements. The descriptive part of the hypotheses is as follows : Japanese direct investment comes from older industries in Japan that are no longer able to compete successfully for domestic and export markets, generally involves labor intensive operations. American investment is often made in new industries and by firms which are the most successful in the united states ; frequently involves very sophisticated technology and highly skilled labor ; usually is made by large enterprises from Oligopolistic industries. These investments tend to concentrate on selling to the local market rather than exporting. The normative side of the kojima hypothesis is that only Japanese style direct investment improves welfare. The purpose of this subject is to prove his theorem and raise some questions about descriptive and normative elements. In the descriptive part of the hypothese, he asserts that it is beneficial for an investing country if D.F.I. goes abroad from its comparatively disadvantaged marginal industry for the purpose of producing goods in the host country at costs lower than at home through the transfer of efficient technology and management and importing them back to the home country, but the possibility that the recipient country can develop a comparative advantage in the same industry in which the investing country has a comparative advantage was exemplified through some empirical study(Sekiguchi et al.). And he assume that the principle of comparative cost in international trade and specialization and the principle of comparative profit rates correspond to each other, such a correspondence between the two principles is rigorously prosed and becomes a basic criterion for the comparison of the types of D.F.I., but this assumption is less rigorously proved that it is contradictory to profit maximization principle. In the normative part of the hypotheses, he insists that international trade growth is a welfare criterion for the evaluation of various kinds of D.F.I., but it is not by itself a sufficient welfare criterion because other criterion may be more valuable, such as distribution of trade gains. In conclusion, his theoretical approach is not so much sophisticated, but his assertion on the investing country's normative responsibility attracts attention to the economic relationships between south and north.