Effect of Upper Limb Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation with Resistance Training on Respiratory Muscle Strength in Quadriplegics: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Chanchal Gautam(Chanchal Gautam ),Jaskirat Kaur(Jaskirat Kaur ),Harpreet Singh(Harpreet Singh ) 사피엔시아 2020 Exercise Medicine Vol.4 No.-

Objectives: Spinal cord injuries lead to impairment of the respiratory system due to paresis or paralysis of the respiratory muscles leading to respiratory insufficiency, which is dependent on the level and completeness of the injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of upper limb proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) combined with resistance training on respiratory muscle strength and perceived difficulty of breathing in individuals with tetraplegia. Methods: 26 participants with traumatic tetraplegia C5-C8 participated in the study. They were then allocated in two different groups. PNF Group received upper extremity PNF combined with resistance training for 10 repetitions per set, 3 sets 3 times a week for 4 weeks, and CONT Group received respiratory training with triflow type incentive spirometer. Participants were evaluated for maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) and modified borg scale (MBS). Results: After four weeks of intervention, there were significant improvement in the scores of MIP, MEP, MBS in both groups separately. Also between group comparison showed significant improvement in scores of MIP (P=0.004), MEP (P =0.004), MBS (P=0.001) in PNF Group as compared to CONT Group. Conclusions: This study concludes that there was significant improvement in respiratory muscle strength and rate of perceived difficulty of breathing using upper limb PNF combined with resistance training in tetraplegics.

Pandemic induced lockdown as a boon to the Environment: trends in air pollution concentration across India

Gautam Alok Sagar,Sanjeev Kumar,Sneha Gautam,Aryan Anand,Ranjit Kumar,Abhishek Joshi,Kuldeep Bauddh,Karan Singh 한국기상학회 2021 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.57 No.4

The present paper designed to understand the variations in the atmospheric pollutants viz. PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and CO during the COVID-19 pandemic over eight most polluted Indian cities (Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Lucknow, Chandigarh, Kolkata, and Ahmedabad). A significant reduction in the PM2.5 (63%), PM10 (56%), NO2 (50%), SO2 (9%), and CO (59%) were observed over Major Dhyan Chand Stadium. At Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport, a decline of 44% in PM2.5 and 50% in PM10 was seen just a week during the initial phase of the lockdown. Gaseous pollutants (NO2, SO2 & CO) dropped up-to 36, 16, and 41%, respectively. The Air Quality Index (AQI) shows a dramatic change from 7% to 67% during observation at Chandigarh and Ballygunge during the inspection. Whereas, Ahmedabad, Worli, Income Tax Office, Talkatora, Lalbagh, and Ballygaunge have showed a significant change in AQI from 25.76% to 68.55%. However, Zoo Park, CST, Central School, and Victoria show relatively low variation in AQI in the range of 3.0% to 14.50% as compare to 2019 after lockdown. Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) analysis suggested that long range transportation of pollutants were also a part and parcel contributing to changes in AQI which were majorly coming from the regions of Iran, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, as well as a regional grant from Indian Gangatic plains and Delhi Non-capital region.

A comparative evaluation of cytotoxicity of root canal sealers: an in vitro study

Gautam Pyarelal Badole,Manjusha Madhukar Warhadpande,Ganesh Kothiramji Meshram,Rakesh Namdeoraoji Bahadure,Shubha Gopal Tawani,Shital Gautam Badole 대한치과보존학회 2013 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.38 No.4

Objectives The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of four different root canal sealers i.e. Apexit Plus (Ivoclar Vivadent), Endomethasone N (Septodont), AH-26 (Dentsply) and Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer (Pulpdent), on a mouse fibroblast cell line (L929). Materials and Methods Thirty two discs for each sealer (5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height) were fabricated in Teflon mould. The sealer extraction was made in cell culture medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, DMEM) using the ratio 1.25 cm2/mL between the surface of the sealer samples and the volume of medium in a shaker incubator. Extraction of each sealer was obtained at 24 hr, 7th day, 14th day, and one month of interval. These extracts were incubated with L929 cell line and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was done. Two-way ANOVA for interaction effects between sealer and time and Post-hoc multiple comparison using Tukey's test across all the 16 different groups were used for statistical analysis. Results Apexit Plus root canal sealer was significantly less toxic than other sealers (p < 0.05) and showed higher cellular growth than control. Endomethasone N showed mild cytotoxicity. AH-26 showed severe toxicity which became mild after one month while Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer showed severe to moderate toxicity. Conclusions Apexit Plus was relatively biocompatible sealer as compared to other three sealers which were cytotoxic at their initial stages, however, they became biocompatible with time. Objectives The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of four different root canal sealers i.e. Apexit Plus (Ivoclar Vivadent), Endomethasone N (Septodont), AH-26 (Dentsply) and Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer (Pulpdent), on a mouse fibroblast cell line (L929). Materials and Methods Thirty two discs for each sealer (5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height) were fabricated in Teflon mould. The sealer extraction was made in cell culture medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, DMEM) using the ratio 1.25 cm2/mL between the surface of the sealer samples and the volume of medium in a shaker incubator. Extraction of each sealer was obtained at 24 hr, 7th day, 14th day, and one month of interval. These extracts were incubated with L929 cell line and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was done. Two-way ANOVA for interaction effects between sealer and time and Post-hoc multiple comparison using Tukey's test across all the 16 different groups were used for statistical analysis. Results Apexit Plus root canal sealer was significantly less toxic than other sealers (p < 0.05) and showed higher cellular growth than control. Endomethasone N showed mild cytotoxicity. AH-26 showed severe toxicity which became mild after one month while Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer showed severe to moderate toxicity. Conclusions Apexit Plus was relatively biocompatible sealer as compared to other three sealers which were cytotoxic at their initial stages, however, they became biocompatible with time.

A comparative evaluation of cytotoxicity of root canal sealers: an in vitro study

Badole, Gautam Pyarelal,Warhadpande, Manjusha Madhukar,Meshram, Ganesh Kothiramji,Bahadure, Rakesh Namdeoraoji,Tawani, Shubha Gopal,Tawani, Gopal,Badole, Shital Gautam The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2013 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.38 No.4

Objectives: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of four different root canal sealers i.e. Apexit Plus (Ivoclar Vivadent), Endomethasone N (Septodont), AH-26 (Dentsply) and Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer (Pulpdent), on a mouse fibroblast cell line (L929). Materials and Methods: Thirty two discs for each sealer (5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height) were fabricated in Teflon mould. The sealer extraction was made in cell culture medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, DMEM) using the ratio 1.25 $cm^2/mL$ between the surface of the sealer samples and the volume of medium in a shaker incubator. Extraction of each sealer was obtained at 24 hr, 7th day, 14th day, and one month of interval. These extracts were incubated with L929 cell line and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was done. Two-way ANOVA for interaction effects between sealer and time and Post-hoc multiple comparison using Tukey's test across all the 16 different groups were used for statistical analysis. Results: Apexit Plus root canal sealer was significantly less toxic than other sealers (p < 0.05) and showed higher cellular growth than control. Endomethasone N showed mild cytotoxicity. AH-26 showed severe toxicity which became mild after one month while Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer showed severe to moderate toxicity. Conclusions: Apexit Plus was relatively biocompatible sealer as compared to other three sealers which were cytotoxic at their initial stages, however, they became biocompatible with time.

Impact of Cyano and Fluorine Group Functionalization on the Optoelectronic and Photovoltaic Properties of Donor-Acceptor-π-Acceptor Benzothiadiazole Derived S mall Molecules: A D FT a nd TD-DFT S tudy

Prabhat Gautam,Anurag Gautam,Neeraj Kumar 한국재료학회 2023 한국재료학회지 Vol.33 No.6

Solar cells based on p-conjugated donor-acceptor (D-A) organic molecular systems are a promising alternative to conventional electrical energy generation. D-A molecular systems, which have a triphenylamine (TPA) moiety linked with a benzothiadiazole (BTD) moiety, open the potential development of new small molecule donors for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. Here, a series of donor-acceptor-π-acceptor (D-A-π-A) small molecule donors (SMD) derived from triphenylamine (TPA) donor and benzothiadiazole (BTD) acceptor building blocks, were designed for BHJ organic solar cells. The small molecule donors SMD1-4 were studied using density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent-DFT (TDDFT) methods, to understand the effect of cyano and fluorine group functionalization on their properties. The effect of structure alteration by cyano and fluorine group functionalization on the optoelectronic properties, the calculated highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) and the HOMO-LUMO gaps were theoretically explored. The Voc (open-circuit photovoltage) and fill factor (FF) for SMD1-4 were obtained with a PC71BM acceptor, which showed that these organic small molecules are potential small molecule donors for organic bulk heterojunction solar cells.

Building Bridges: Eurocentric to Intercultural Information Ethics

Gautam, Ayesha,Singh, Deepa World Association for Triple Helix and Future Stra 2021 Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia Vol.20 No.1

Misguided use, manipulation, misappropriation, disruption and mismanagement of Information deeply affects the infosphere as well as the social and moral fabric of a society. Information ethics is an attempt to bring the creation, organization, dissemination, and use of information within the ambit of ethical standards and moral codes. The diverse and inherently pluralistic nature of societies however puts forth an additional demand on us - to come up with an intercultural information ethics. An intercultural ethics which is other-centric, context sensitive and workable without being homogenizing, patronizing and colonizing. An endeavor in that direction has already been made by proponents of intercultural information ethics like: Charles M. Ess, Fay Sudweeks, Rafael Capurro, Pak-Hang Wong, Soraj Hongladarom et al. In our paper, we propose that the kind of ethical pluralism being sought in the domain of information ethics can be attained by having a reappraisal of the current methodological strategies, by casting a critical relook at the Eurocentric ethical model. This paper analyses the current framework of Intercultural Information Ethics. And in an endeavour to move towards an all-encompassing, other-centric, workable, intercultural, harmonious and compassionate model of 'Pluralistic Information Ethics', it proposes the Indian / Asian philosophical method of 'Samvāda' to the current inventory which includes methods like: 'parrhesia/free speech' and 'interpretive phronēsis.

Spectral Analysis of Rectangular, Hanning, Hamming and Kaiser Window for Digital Fir Filter

Gautam, Ganesh,Shrestha, Surendra,Cho, Seongsoo The Institute of Internet 2015 Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence Vol. No.

Digital filters are extensively used in the world of communication. In order to design a digital finite impulse response (FIR) filter that satisfies all the required conditions is challenging. In this paper, design techniques of digital low pass FIR filters using Rectangular window method, Hamming window, Hanning window, and Optimal Parks McClellan method are presented. The stability, number of components required and filter coefficients are demonstrated for different design techniques. It is demonstrated that filter design using hamming window is comparatively better than rectangular and hanning window though the components required for all of the windowing technique are same, hamming shows higher stability. The stability is shown with the help of magnitude and phase spectrum of each window. Simulation is carried out using MATLAB and comparisons are made entirely based on the output of the simulation.

Prevention of epidural catheter migration: a comparative evaluation of two tunneling techniques

Gautam Sujeet,Agarwal Anil,Das Pravin Kumar,Khuba Sandeep,Kumar Sanjay 대한마취통증의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.74 No.1

BackgroundEpidural analgesia failure episodes can be reduced by catheter fixation techniques with a lower incidence of catheter migration. In this clinical study, we compared the roles of two epidural catheter tunneling techniques for the prevention of epidural catheter migration.MethodsPatients undergoing major abdominal surgery were randomized into three groups of 50 patients each based on the method used to secure the epidural catheter. In the control group (CG), the epidural catheter was secured without tunneling. Tunneling groups 1 and 2 (TG1 and TG2) were defined as tunneling with and without a catheter loop, respectively. The primary outcome measure was the migration of the epidural catheter, while the secondary outcome measures were the adequacy of analgesia and signs of inflammation. All patients were followed up by the acute pain service team twice daily in the postoperative period until the epidural catheter was removed. The results were analyzed by the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test. P values <0.050 were considered significant.ResultsThe three groups were similar with respect to patient characteristics. Catheter migration was significantly reduced in TG2 (two patients) compared to those in the other two groups, i.e., TG1 (eight patients) (P = 0.045) and CG (17 patients) (P = 0.001). No differences were found amongst the three groups in analgesia adequacy and catheter site inflammation (P > 0.050).ConclusionsCatheter migration was significantly reduced by tunneling without a catheter loop in TG2 as compared to the other two groups. Therefore, we suggest routine use of tunneling without a catheter loop technique in anesthesia practice and look forward to future studies with larger sample sizes.

Facile processing for instant production of clinically-approvable nanoagents for combination cancer therapy

Gautam, Milan,Kumar Poudel, Bijay,Chi Soe, Zar,Poudel, Kishwor,Maharjan, Srijan,Kwang Ku, Sae,Soon Yong, Chul,Woo Joo, Sang,Oh Kim, Jong,Hoon Byeon, Jeong Elsevier 2020 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL -LAUSANNE- Vol.383 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In order to produce more efficacious cancer treatments, combination therapies using stimuli-responsive therapeutic nanoagents (NAs) have been extensively researched over the past two decades. However, unexpected side effects, systemic toxicities, and validation and cost issues of newly developed NAs have hampered their practical application. The use of clinically-approved agents as NAs using particle engineering or modification is receiving renewed attention as an alternative strategy for the development of cancer nanomedicines. However, this approach is limited for postsurgical cancer treatments <I>via</I> external application to the surgical site; thus, the development of a realizable strategy to engineer clinically-approved agents for a broad application of cancer nanotherapeutics is still an important challenge. In this study, <I>in situ</I> assembly of NAs consisting of clinically-approvable Prussian blue nanocages (PB NCs), doxorubicin (D), an anticancer drug, and polyethylene glycol (peg), a stealth component was implemented <I>via</I> vibrating nozzle spraying for the production of a combination cancer phototherapy. The porous structure of PB NCs was ideal for loading D and peg, forming PB-Dpeg NAs to produce combination phototherapeutics, and this property was also useful for spontaneously patching up their surfaces with lateral nanodimensional graphene oxide flakes during assembly, for strengthening photothermal, sustained D release, and stealth effects without significant changes in the size and shape of PB-Dpeg.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Prussian blue (PB) was selected as both a drug vehicle and a light-activatable agent. </LI> <LI> Porous PB was mixed with anticancer drug and stealth compound using a vibrating nozzle. </LI> <LI> The <I>in situ</I> engineered PB nanoagents produced comparable combination cancer therapies. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

A Batch Arrival Queue with Bernoulli Vacation Schedule under Multiple Vacation Policy

Gautam Choudhury,Kailash C. Madan 한국경영과학회 2006 Management Science and Financial Engineering Vol.12 No.2

We consider an MX/G /1 queueing system with Bernoulli vacation schedule under multiple vacation policy, where after each vacation completion or service completion the server takes sequence of vacations until a batch of new customer arrive. This generalizes both MX/G /1 queueing system with multiple vacation as well as M /G /1 Bernoulli vacation model. We carryout an extensive analysis for the queue size distributions at various epochs. Further attempts have been made to unify the results of related batch arrival vacation models.