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Red alga <i>Grateloupia imbricata</i> (Halymeniaceae), a species introduced into the Canary Islands
Garcí,a-Jimé,nez, Pilar,Geraldino, Paul John L.,Boo, Sung Ming,Robaina, Rafael R. Blackwell Publishing Asia 2008 Phycological research Vol.56 No.3
<P>SUMMARY</P><P>Specimens of <I>Grateloupia</I> from Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands were used to molecularly ascertain which of the species has been used in physiological and bio-technological experiments. The <I>rbc</I>L sequence analysis revealed that four out of five analyzed specimens (i.e. those commonly collected for physiological research) formed a monophyletic clade with <I>G. imbricata</I> from Korea, Japan, and China, and were quite different from any other species of the genus. Another sample, which was associated with cage nets used for fish aquaculture, was grouped with <I>G. lanceolata</I> from Japan, though it appears too early as yet to identify it as such. This is, thus, proof of a new introduction of a marine macroalga, since <I>G. imbricata</I> is an Asian species, native to Japan and Korea, in the Canary Islands. The role of international shipping in the introduction of the species is discussed.</P>
Garcí,a-Iglesias, Miguel,Yum, Jun-Ho,Humphry-Baker, Robin,Zakeeruddin, Shaik M.,Pé,chy, Peter,Vá,zquez, Purificació,n,Palomares, Emilio,Grä,tzel, Michael,Nazeeruddin, Moham Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Chemical science Vol.2 No.6
<P>We have designed and developed an unsymmetrical zinc phthalocyanine (TT9) sensitizer that consists of three <I>tert</I>-butyl and two carboxylic acid groups that act as “<I>push</I>” and “<I>pull</I>”, respectively. The two carboxylic acid groups graft the sensitizer onto the semiconductor surface resulting in enhanced stability under heat and light compared to the similar unsymmetrical zinc phthalocyanine (TT1) sensitizer that consists of three <I>tert</I>-butyl and only one carboxylic acid groups. The solar cells containing the TT9 and TT1 sensitizers with non-volatile electrolyte were subjected to light soaking conditions at 60 °C. Under these conditions, the short circuit current of the TT1 sensitized solar cell after 1000 h decreases to half of its initial value where as the TT9 sensitized solar cell remained the same demonstrating the influence of number of anchoring groups on the stability of zinc phthalocyanine sensitized solar cells.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Phthalocyanine TT9 (red) grafts onto the semiconductor surface resulting in enhanced stability compared to TT1 (black). <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0sc00602e'> </P>
Lipase-Catalysed Enrichment of γ-Linolenic Acid from Evening Primrose Oil in a Solvent-Free System
Baeza-Jimé,nez, Ramiro,No, Da Som,Otero, Christina,Garcí,a, Hugo S.,Lee, Jeom Sig,Kim, In-Hwan Wiley (John WileySons) 2014 Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society Vol.91 No.7
<P>The enrichment of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) was carried out in a solvent-free system by lipase-catalysed esterification of free fatty acids from evening primrose oil (EPO-FA) and 1-butanol (BtOH). The lipase employed to conduct this study was a free preparation of Candida rugosa. Variables evaluated were: substrate molar ratio (1:4, 1:6, 1:8, 1:10 and 1:12, EPO-FA:BtOH), temperature (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 A degrees C), and enzyme loading (5, 10, 15 and 20 %, based on the total weight of substrates). GLA was highly enriched in the non-esterified fatty acid fraction since C. rugosa showed very low selectivity for this fatty acid. We were able to increase the content of GLA to ca. 70 wt.% under the following optimal conditions: 30 A degrees C, 10 % enzyme loading and a 1:10 molar ratio (EPO-FA:BtOH), after 24 h. An additional set of experiments was conducted whereby the amount of water was controlled by addition of molecular sieves to the reaction mixture. The latter experiments produced a higher GLA concentrate (83.74 wt.%), under the optimal conditions described above and by adding 10 % molecular sieves (based on the total weight of substrates) after 36 h.</P>
Jang, Byung-Koog,Feng, Fan-Jie,Lee, Kee-Sung,Garcí,a, Eugenio,Nistal, André,s,Nagashima, Nobuo,Kim, Seongwon,Oh, Yoon-Suk,Kim, Hyung-Tae Elsevier 2016 Surface & coatings technology Vol.308 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Y<SUB>2</SUB>SiO<SUB>5</SUB> coatings are deposited by a flame-spray technique as protection layer on SiC substrates to prevent oxidation and steam corrosion. In this research, Y<SUB>2</SUB>SiO<SUB>5</SUB> coatings were isothermally heat treated at different temperatures and different exposure times in a laboratory environment. The thermal behaviors such as phase transformation, microstructural change and thermally grown oxide (TGO) formation have been examined by XRD, SEM, and EDS analysis. Different modes of TGO growth behavior were found at different temperatures. In addition, the mechanical properties were evaluated by a Martens hardness tester. The results show that the change of microstructure and composition is not too critical, but higher temperatures and longer heating times do lead to the formation of Y<SUB>2</SUB>SiO<SUB>5</SUB> crystalline phases and a β-Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> phase. Thus, the isothermal heat treatment improves the hardness and elastic modulus of Y<SUB>2</SUB>SiO<SUB>5</SUB> coatings.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Y<SUB>2</SUB>SiO<SUB>5</SUB> coatings are deposited by flame-spray technique as protection layer on SiC. </LI> <LI> Thermally grown oxide observed at the interface between the Y<SUB>2</SUB>SiO<SUB>5</SUB> coating and Si bond coatings </LI> <LI> Hardness and Young's modulus of Y<SUB>2</SUB>SiO<SUB>5</SUB> coatings increased with increasing heat treatment time at 1180°C and 1480°C. </LI> </UL> </P>
Pinsonneault, Marc H.,Elsworth, Yvonne,Epstein, Courtney,Hekker, Saskia,Mé,szá,ros, Sz.,Chaplin, William J.,Johnson, Jennifer A.,Garcí,a, Rafael A.,Holtzman, Jon,Mathur, Savita,Garc& IOP Publishing 2014 The Astrophysical journal Supplement series Vol.215 No.2
<P>We present the first APOKASC catalog of spectroscopic and asteroseismic properties of 1916 red giants observed in the Kepler fields. The spectroscopic parameters provided from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment project are complemented with asteroseismic surface gravities, masses, radii, and mean densities determined by members of the Kepler Asteroseismology Science Consortium. We assess both random and systematic sources of error and include a discussion of sample selection for giants in the Kepler fields. Total uncertainties in the main catalog properties are of the order of 80 K in Teff, 0.06 dex in [M/ H], 0.014 dex in log g, and 12% and 5% in mass and radius, respectively; these reflect a combination of systematic and random errors. Asteroseismic surface gravities are substantially more precise and accurate than spectroscopic ones, and we find good agreement between their mean values and the calibrated spectroscopic surface gravities. There are, however, systematic underlying trends with Teff and log g. Our effective temperature scale is between 0 and 200 K cooler than that expected from the infrared flux method, depending on the adopted extinction map, which provides evidence for a lower value on average than that inferred for the Kepler Input Catalog (KIC). We find a reasonable correspondence between the photometric KIC and spectroscopic APOKASC metallicity scales, with increased dispersion in KIC metallicities as the absolute metal abundance decreases, and offsets in T-eff and log g consistent with those derived in the literature. We present mean fitting relations between APOKASC and KIC observables and discuss future prospects, strengths, and limitations of the catalog data.</P>