http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
?玉君(Gan Yeechin),朴敏浚(Park, Min-jun) 중국어문학연구회 2017 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.105
It is important to study the diachronic change and replacement of old words by new ones in Chinese etymology as the process does not happen and complete within a short span of time. This paper propose an in-depth study on gan (甘) and tian (甜) by investigating a number of historical documents of various registers from the Pre-Qin to the Ming and Qing dynasties. Based on the diachronic perspective, we conduct a quantitative analysis to show the lexical development and replacement process of gan (甘) and tian (甜) in its original and extended meanings. In the meantime, we also describes usage pattern and competition process of the two words in different periods, by comparing them in terms of usage frequency, semantic expression and syntactic distribution. Because gan (甘) is a polysemy with multiple meanings since the Pre-Qin dynasty, a new word tian (甜) with a single meaning of sweet taste emerged in the Western Han dynasty, which is subsequently commonly used in oral literature in the Wei and Jin dynasties. Afterwards, tian (甜) went into competition with gan (甘) in the Tang and Song dynasties, whose meaning was in turn further extended to psychological and sensory domains in the Ming and Qing dynasties. In modern Chinese, gan (甘) came to only function as a morpheme through semantic bleaching whereas tian (甜) often appeared in sentential structure. The semantic and syntactic functions of the two words remain stable and still in use.
Low Resistance and Transparent Ag/AZO Ohmic Contact to p-GaN
T. Han,T. Wang,X. W. Gan,H. Wu,Y. Shi,C. Liu 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.1
Silver (Ag)/ aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) films were deposited on p-GaN by using electronbeamevaporation. After the annealing process, current -voltage (I-V) measurements were carriedout to determine the characteristic of the contacts. The Ag/AZO films annealed at 600 C werefound to present an ohmic contact behavior. The specific contact resistance was calculated tobe 9.76 × 10−4cm2 and the transmittance was over 80% for visibly light. The atomic forcemicroscope was used to measure the aggregation of Ag grains which may have been the main factorin the formation of the Ag/AZO ohmic contact to p-GaN.
Estimating TCP Flow Completion Time Distributions
Gan Luan 한국통신학회 2019 Journal of communications and networks Vol.21 No.1
The flow completion time is an important performancemetric for network users, and it is used in designing schedulingand congestion control algorithms. The existing TCP flow completiontime distributions are calculated from complicated models,and they are only suitable for short TCP flows. This paper is motivatedto build a simple model to derive TCP flow completion timedistribution that is suitable for both short and long TCP flows. Tobuild such a model, the distribution of the packet transmissionlatency under TCP congestion control is firstly calculated. Thepacket transmission latency is the time needed to successfully delivera packet, including the time for retransmissions due to packetlosses. Semi-Markov process is used to model the TCP congestionwindow evolution. Using the packet transmission latency distributiontogether with the TCP congestion window size information, anew parallel queueing model which describes how a file is transmittedby a TCP flow is formed. In the parallel queueing model,the flow completion time distribution is derived, and simulation resultsfrom NS2 demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed analysis.
Gan, L.,Park, Y.J.,Kim, H.,Kim, J.M.,Ko, J.W.,Lee, J.W. Elsevier Science Publishers 2016 Journal of the European Ceramic Society Vol.36 No.3
A transparent three-layered composite Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>/1at% Nd:Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>/Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> ceramic was successfully fabricated by a hot-pressing method. After the hot-pressing step, the laminar structure was maintained very well, and no apparent deformation was found. The sample shows a fine microstructure (the average grain size is ~1μm) without an apparent transition layer between a Nd-doped layer and an undoped layer as a result of the relatively low hot-pressing temperature of only 1600<SUP>o</SUP>C. For a 4-mm-thick polished specimen, the in-line transmittance reaches 59.7% at 400nm and 73.0% at 1100nm.
Gan, Zhongwei,Yang, Jinkui,Tao, Nan,Yu, Zefen,Zhang, Ke-Qin The Microbiological Society of Korea 2007 The journal of microbiology Vol.45 No.5
Clonostachys rosea (syn. Gliocladium roseum) is a well-known biocontrol agent and widely distributed around the world. In this study, an endochitinase gene Crchi1 was isolated from the mycoparasitic fungus C. rosea using the DNA walking strategy. The Crchi1 ORF is 1,746 bp long and interrupted by three introns. The cloned gene Crchi1 encodes 426 amino acid residues and shares a high degree of similarity with other chitinases from entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi. Several putative binding sites for transcriptional regulation of Crchi1 in response to carbon (5'-SYGGRG-3') and nitrogen (5'-GATA-3') were identified in the upstream of Crchi1. Expression of Crchi1 gene in different carbon sources was analyzed using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). We found that the Crchi1 expression was suppressed by glucose but strongly stimulated by chitin or solubilized components of the cell wall from Rhizoctonia solani. Phylogenetic analysis of chitinases from entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi suggests that these chitinases have probably evolved from a common ancestor.
COVID-19 and Return-To-Work for the Construction Sector: Lessons From Singapore
Gan, Wee Hoe,Koh, David Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2021 Safety and health at work Vol.12 No.2
Singapore's construction sector employs more than 450,000 workers. During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore from April to June 2020, migrant workers were disproportionately affected, including many working in the construction sector. Shared accommodation and construction worksites emerged as nexuses for COVID-19 transmission. Official government resources, including COVID-19 epidemiological data, 43 advisories and 19 circulars by Singapore's Ministries of Health and Manpower, were reviewed over 8 month period from March to October 2020. From a peak COVID-19 incidence of 1,424.6/100,000 workers in May 2020, the incidence declined to 3.7/100,000 workers by October 2020. Multilevel safe management measures were implemented to enable the phased reopening of construction worksites from July 2020. Using the Swiss cheese risk management model, the authors described the various governmental, industry, supervisory and worker-specific interventions to prevent, detect and contain COVID-19 for safe resumption of work for the construction sector.
Application of UV Photocatalytic Degradation of Benzene
Gan, Yi,Liu, Ruiqi,Yu, Zhimin Urban Science Institute 2019 도시과학 Vol.8 No.2
Benzene pollution is becoming increasingly serious, and the treatment technology of benzene has attracted much attention. In this paper, a self-made photocatalytic reactor was used to explore the removal rate of benzene under the ultraviolet light with the wavelength of 253.7nm. The results showed that the degradation rate of benzene decreased from 64.29% to 16.26% when the concentration increased from 43mg/㎥ to 256mg/㎥ under the condition of 28W UV light intensity and 50s residence time. Under the condition of 28W UV light intensity and 103mg/㎥ concentration, the residence time increased from 16.5s to 50s, and the benzene removal rate increased from 13.23% to 42.72%.Under the condition of benzene concentration 103mg/㎥ and residence time of 50s, the removal rate of benzene increased from 29.34% to 52.58% in the process of UV light intensity rising from 28W to 48W.It is concluded that decreasing the concentration and increasing the residence time of gas were beneficial to the removal of benzene and increasing the light intensity can improve the removal rate of benzene.