WATER RESOURCES CARRYING CAPACITY AND ITS ASSESSMENT

GAN HONG,WANG LIN,YOU JINJUN,YUAN YING 한국수자원학회 2005 한국수자원학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.1

DNA Methylation Patterns of Ulcer-Healing Genes Associated with the Normal Gastric Mucosa of Gastric Cancers

Hong, Seung-Jin,Oh, Jung-Hwan,Jung, Yu-Chae,Kim, Young-Ho,Kim, Sung-Ja,Kang, Seok-Jin,Seo, Eun-Joo,Choi, Sang-Wook,Kang, Moo-Il,Rhyu, Mun-Gan The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2010 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.25 No.3

<P>Recent evidence suggests that gastric mucosal injury induces adaptive changes in DNA methylation. In this study, the methylation status of the key tissue-specific genes in normal gastric mucosa of healthy individuals and cancer patients was evaluated. The methylation-variable sites of 14 genes, including ulcer-healing genes (<I>TFF1</I>, <I>TFF2</I>, <I>CDH1</I>, and <I>PPARG</I>), were chosen from the CpG-island margins or non-island CpGs near the transcription start sites. The healthy individuals as well as the normal gastric mucosa of 23 ulcer, 21 non-invasive cancer, and 53 cancer patients were examined by semiquantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The ulcer-healing genes were concurrently methylated with other genes depending on the presence or absence of CpG-islands in the normal mucosa of healthy individuals. Both the <I>TFF2</I> and <I>PPARG</I> genes were frequently undermethylated in ulcer patients. The over- or intermediate-methylated <I>TFF2</I> and undermethylated <I>PPARG</I> genes was more common in stage-1 cancer patients (71%) than in healthy individuals (10%; odds ratio [OR], 21.9) and non-invasive cancer patients (21%; OR, 8.9). The <I>TFF2-PPARG</I> methylation pattern of cancer patients was stronger in the older-age group (≥55 yr; OR, 43.6). These results suggest that the combined methylation pattern of ulcer-healing genes serves as a sensitive marker for predicting cancer-prone gastric mucosa.</P>

Critical Short Circuit Ratio Analysis on DFIG Wind Farm with Vector Power Control and Synchronized Control

Hong, Min,Xin, Huanhai,Liu, Weidong,Xu, Qian,Zheng, Taiying,Gan, Deqiang The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2016 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.11 No.2

The introduction of renewable energy sources into the AC grid can change and weaken the strength of the grid, which will in turn affect the stability and robustness of the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind farm. When integrated with weak grids, the DFIG wind turbine with vector power control often suffers from poor performance and robustness, while the DFIG wind turbine with synchronized control provides better stability. This paper investigates the critical short circuit ratios of DFIG wind turbine with vector power control and synchronized control, to analyze the stability boundary of the DFIG wind turbine. Frequency domain methods based on sensitivity and complementary sensitivity of transfer matrix are used to investigate the stability boundary conditions. The critical capacity of DFIG wind farm with conventional vector power control at a certain point of common coupling (PCC) is obtained and is further increased by employing synchronized control properly. The stability boundary is validated by electromagnetic transient simulation of an offshore wind farm connected to a real regional grid.

Cluster Lifetime Analysis for Cooperative Beamforming in Wireless Sensor Networks

Gan Xiong,Lu Hong,Yang Guangyou 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.9 No.10

Cooperative multiple input multiple outputs (MIMO) or its variation cooperative multiple input single outputs (MISO) is becoming a potential technique to minimize the energy consumption and prolong lifetime in wireless sensor networks. For cluster based wireless sensor networks, cluster lifetime for cooperative beamforming (CBF) based cooperative MISO scheme is studied in this paper.We first establish the energy model of a cluster with cooperative MISO scheme based on CBF. Based on the energy consumption model, the effects of cluster size and distance between cluster and sink node on the performance of cluster lifetime are discussed, an joint optimization to maximize cluster lifetime by finding the optimal modulation parameter and number of cooperative nodes is proposed. Numerical results show that CBF based cooperative MISO scheme can achieve longer cluster lifetime compare with STBC and the joint optimization can further improve the cluster lifetime.

Energy-Efficient Cooperative Beamforming based CMISO Transmission with Optimal Nodes Deployment in Wireless Sensor Networks

( Gan Xiong ),( Lu Hong ),( Yang Guangyou ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2017 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.11 No.8

This paper analyzes the nodes deployment optimization problem in energy constrained wireless sensor networks, which multi-hop cooperative beamforming (CB) based cooperative-multi-input-single-output (CMISO) transmission is adopted to reduce the energy consumption. Firstly, we establish the energy consumption models for multi-hop SISO, multi-hop DSTBC based CMISO, multi-hop CB based CMISO transmissions under random nodes deployment. Then, we minimize the energy consumption by searching the optimal nodes deployment for the three transmissions. Furthermore, numerical results present the optimal nodes deployment parameters for the three transmissions. Energy consumption of the three transmissions are compared under optimal nodes deployment, which shows that CB based CMISO transmission consumes less energy than SISO and DSTBC based CMISO transmissions. Meanwhile, under optimal nodes deployment, the superiorities of CB based CMISO transmission over SISO and DSTBC based CMISO transmissions can be more obvious when path-loss-factor becomes low.

DNA Methylation and Expression Patterns of Key Tissue-specific Genes in Adult Stem Cells and Stomach Tissues

Hong, Seung-Jin,Kang, Moo-Il,Oh, Jung-Hwan,Jung, Yu-Chae,Kim, Young-Ho,Kim, Sung-Ja,Choi, Seung-Hye,Seo, Eun-Joo,Choi, Sang-Wook,Rhyu, Mun-Gan The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2009 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.24 No.5

<P>CpG-island margins and non-island-CpG sites round the transcription start sites of CpG-island-positive and -negative genes are methylated to various degrees in a tissue-specific manner. These methylation-variable CpG sites were analyzed to delineate a relationship between the methylation and transcription of the tissue-specific genes. The level of tissue-specific transcription was estimated by counting the number of the total transcripts in the SAGE (serial analysis of gene expression) database. The methylation status of 12 CpG-island margins and 21 non-island CpG sites near the key tissue-specific genes was examined in pluripotent stromal cells obtained from fat and bone marrow samples as well as in lineage-committed cells from marrow bulk, stomach, colon, breast, and thyroid samples. Of the 33 CpG sites examined, 10 non-island-CpG sites, but none of the CpG-island margins were undermethylated concurrent with tissue-specific expression of their nearby genes. The net methylation of the 33 CpG sites and the net amount of non-island-CpG gene transcripts were high in stomach tissues and low in stromal cells. The present findings suggest that the methylation of the non-island-CpG sites is inversely associated with the expression of the nearby genes, and the concert effect of transitional-CpG methylation is linearly associated with the stomach-specific genes lacking CpG-islands.</P>

Oxidative Comparison ofEmulsion Systems from FishOil-Based Structured Lipid versus Physically Blended Lipid with Purple-FleshedSweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Extracts

Gan, Lu-Jing,Yang, Dan,Shin, Jung-Ah,Kim, Sun-Ju,Hong, Soon-Taek,Lee, JeungHee,Sung, Chang-Keun,Lee, Ki-Teak American Chemical Society 2012 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.60 No.1

<P>The effects of the purple-fleshed sweet potato extract(PFSPE)on oxidation stabilities of a model oil-in-water emulsion preparedwith enzymatically synthesized fish oil–soybean oil structuredlipid (SL) versus physically blended lipid (PBL) without modificationwere evaluated. The anthocyanins in PFSPE were analyzed and identifiedby HPLC-MS. The fatty acid composition of SL was similar to that ofPBL, except palmitic acid (1.48 in PBL and 9.61% in SL) and linoleicacid (62.47 in PBL and 49.58% in SL). Peonidin 3-caffeoylsophoroside-5-glucoside,peonidin-3-(6′,6′-caffeoylferuloylsophoroside)-5-glucoside,peonidin-dicaffeoylsophoroside-5-glucoside, peonidin 3-(6′,6″-caffeoyl-<I>p</I>-hydroxybenzoylsophoroside)-5-glucoside were identifiedas the major anthocyanin compounds in PFSPE. Different levels (200,500, 1000 ppm) of PFSPE were added into both SL- and PBL-based emulsions,with 200 ppm catechin as comparison. Oxidation was monitored by measuringthe peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Theantioxidant activity of PFSPE increased with an increased concentration,the concentration of 1000 ppm showed high antioxidant ability similarto that of catechin in both PBL- and SL-based oil-in-water emulsions.It is notable that the SL-based emulsion appeared to have better oxidativestability than the PBL-based emulsion.</P>

Emulsifying Properties of Lecithin Containing Different Fatty Acids Obtained by Immobilized Lecitase Ultra-Catalyzed Reaction

Gan, Lu-Jing,Wang, Xiang-Yu,Yang, Dan,Zhang, Hua,Shin, Jung-Ah,Hong, Soon-Taek,Park, Sang Hyun,Lee, Ki-Teak Wiley (John WileySons) 2014 Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society Vol.91 No.4

Lecitase Ultra and 6 triacylglycerol lipases (lipases PS, M, AH, AY, R, and AK) were immobilized on Amberlite XAD 7HP and used to catalyze the acidolysis reaction between lecithin and capric acid (C10:0) for comparison. The highest molar incorporation value (51.0 mol%) was observed for the immobilized Lecitase Ultra. Further, immobilized Lecitase Ultra was selected for catalyzing acidolysis between lecithin and fatty acids with different chain lengths (C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, and C14:0). After reaction, free fatty acids were removed by SPE and the resultant was called modified lecithin fraction 1 (MLF1). The highest molar incorporation value was obtained for C10:0 (51.0 mol%) at 45 A degrees C with a mole ratio of 10/1 (C10:0/lecithin) for 72 h. After removal of lysophosphatidylcholine by solid-phase extraction from MLF1, the resultant modified lecithin fraction 2 (MLF2) was used to prepare an oil-in-water emulsion. All emulsions prepared with MLF2 exhibited significantly higher emulsion stability (ES) values (16.2-17.7) and smaller particle sizes (d (32) 0.40-0.49 mu m, d (43) 0.75-1.01 mu m) than the emulsion prepared with unmodified lecithin (ES 14.1, d (32) 0.76 mu m, d (43), 1.26 mu m) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, less clarification and droplet aggregation were observed in emulsions prepared with MLF2 than in lecithin-based emulsions. Overall, the MLF2s showed better emulsifying properties than lecithin.

Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside and Cyanidin Protect Against Intestinal Barrier Damage and 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid-Induced Colitis

Yuanruo Gan,Yong Fu,Lipin Yang,Jiangning Chen,Hong Lei,Qin Liu 한국식품영양과학회 2020 Journal of medicinal food Vol.23 No.1

Anthocyanin-rich extracts have shown anti-inflammation activity in mouse colitis models. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) is one of the widespread anthocyanins in plants, and cyanidin (Cy) is the aglycone of C3G that can be generated in intestine under gut microorganism metabolism. To explore the anti-inflammatory activity of single anthocyanins compound and show the potential mechanism, the protective effects of C3G and its aglycone Cy on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Caco-2 cellular monolayer inflammation were studied. The results showed that both C3G and Cy significantly improved the clinical symptoms and relieved the histological damage in TNBS-challenged mice. The activity of myeloperoxidase and the excretion of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interferon-γ were also significantly inhibited at the administration dosage of 200 μmol/kg. In vitro studies showed that when LPS-stimulated Caco-2 cells were pretreated with C3G and Cy, the destruction of the intestinal epithelial barrier was ameliorated due to the improvement of the transepithelial electrical resistance and Lucifer yellow flux values, while there were no significant difference between C3G and Cy groups at the same dosage. Similarly, both C3G and Cy suppressed nitric oxide production and inflammatory cytokines secretion of LPS-induced Caco-2 cells. C3G and its aglycone Cy had similar anti-inflammatory activity in both colitis mice and Caco-2 cells. The results suggest that C3G and Cy may exert anti-inflammatory effects by protecting the intestinal barrier as well as by suppressing inflammatory cytokine secretion. Thus, C3G or Cy could be potential preventive agents or supplementary medicines for inflammatory bowel disease.

A Global Model for the Identification of the Dominant Reactions for Atomic Oxygen in He/O₂ Atmospheric-Pressure Plasmas

Park, Gan Young,Hong, Yong Jun,Lee, Hyun Woo,Sim, Jae Yoon,Lee, Jae Koo WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Plasma Processes and Polymers Vol.7 No.3

<P>Atmospheric pressure plasmas have attracted great interests and been widely used in biomedical applications such as sterilization, coagulation, wound healing, and cancer cells treatment. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in atmospheric pressure plasmas have been believed to play a crucial role in these biomedical applications. The experimental measurement of the atomic oxygen density showed that the highest density was measured at an admixture of 0.5% of O<SUB>2</SUB>. The similar trend of the atomic oxygen density varying the concentration of O<SUB>2</SUB> was reproduced through a global model of He/O<SUB>2</SUB> in atmospheric pressure plasmas. The evolution of the dominant production and loss reactions for the atomic oxygen was analyzed. With increase in the concentration of O<SUB>2</SUB>, the atomic oxygen was produced mainly by the dissociation of O<SUB>2</SUB> and lost through the recombinations with themselves and oxygen molecules.</P><P> <img src='wiley_img_2010/16128850-2010-7-3-4-PPAP200900084-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/16128850-2010-7-3-4-PPAP200900084-gra001'> </P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Atmospheric pressure plasmas have been widely used in biomedical applications such as sterilization, coagulation, wound healing, and inducing apoptosis of cancer cells due to their great reactivity, a low temperature property, and no needs for the expensive and complex vacuum system. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in atmospheric pressure plasmas have been believed to play a crucial role in these biomedical applications. Similar trend to an experimental measurement of the atomic oxygen density was observed through the global model while varying the concentration of O<SUB>2</SUB>. The evolution of the dominant production and loss reactions for the atomic oxygen was analyzed. <img src='wiley_img_2010/16128850-2010-7-3-4-PPAP200900084-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/16128850-2010-7-3-4-PPAP200900084-content'> </P>