On NBU_mgf class at specific age

Gadallah, A.M. The Korean Reliability Society 2016 International Journal of Reliability and Applicati Vol.17 No.2

A new concept of aging classes namely new better (worse) than used at age $t_0$ in moment generating function order, $NBU_{mgf}-t_0$ ($NWU_{mgf}-t_0$) is introduced. For the classes $NBU_{mgf}-t_0$ ($NWU_{mgf}-t_0$), preservation under convolution, mixture, mixing and the homogeneous Poisson shock model are studied. In the sequel, nonparametric test is proposed, the asymptotic normality of the class is established and the asymptotic null variance is estimated. The percentiles and powers of this test are tabulated. The asymptotic efficiencies for some alternatives distributions are derived. Finally sets of real data are used as examples to elucidate the use of the proposed test in practical application.

On NBU<SUB>mgf</SUB> class at specific age

A. M. Gadallah 한국신뢰성학회 2016 International Journal of Reliability and Applicati Vol.17 No.2

A new concept of aging classes namely new better (worse) than used at age t0 in moment generating function order, NBUmgf − t0 (NWUmgf− t0 ) is introduced. For the classes NBUmgf− t0 (NWUmgf− t0), preservation under convolution, mixture, mixing and the homogeneous Poisson shock model are studied. In the sequel, nonparametric test is proposed, the asymptotic normality of the class is established and the asymptotic null variance is estimated. The percentiles and powers of this test are tabulated. The asymptotic efficiencies for some alternatives distributions are derived. Finally sets of real data are used as examples to elucidate the use of the proposed test in practical application.

Moment inequalities of $NBU_{mgf}$ with testing hypotheses application

Mahmoud, M.A.W.,Gadallah, A.M. The Korean Reliability Society 2012 International Journal of Reliability and Applicati Vol.13 No.2

Our goal in this paper is to establish inequalities for the moments of new better than used in the moment generating function class ($NBU_{mgf}$). Using these inequalities we propose a new test for exponentiality versus $NBU_{mgf}$ class. Pitman's asymptotic relative efficiency, power and critical values of this test are calculated to assess the performance of the test. We proposed also a new test for exponentiality versus $NBU_{mgf}$ in the right censored data. Sets of real data are used as an example to elucidate the use of the proposed test for practical problems.

On NBUL class at specific age

Mahmoud, M.A.W.,Moshref, M.E.,Gadallah, A.M. The Korean Reliability Society 2014 International Journal of Reliability and Applicati Vol.15 No.1

New classes of life distributions called new better (worse) than used at age $t_0$ in Laplace transform order, NBUL- $t_0$(NWUL - $t_0$) are introduced. For the classes NBUL - $t_0$(NWUL - $t_0$), preservation under convolution, mixture, mixing and the homogeneous Poisson shock model are studied. In the sequel, we obtain a test for $H_0$ : F is exponential versus $H_1$ : F is NBUL - $t_0$ and not exponential. The critical values and the powers of this test are calculated to assess the performance of the test. It is shown that the proposed test has high efficiencies for some commonly used distributions in reliability. Sets of real data are used as examples to elucidate the use of the proposed test for practical problems.

Assessment of Household Catastrophic Total Cost of Tuberculosis and Its Determinants in Cairo: Prospective Cohort Study

Ellaban Manar M.,Basyoni Nashwa I.,Boulos Dina N. K.,Rady Mervat,Gadallah Mohsen 대한결핵및호흡기학회 2022 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.85 No.2

Background: One goal of the End tuberculosis (TB) Strategy is to see no TB-affected households experiencing catastrophic costs. Therefore, it is crucial for TB-elimination programs to identify catastrophic costs and their main drivers in order to establish appropriate health and social measures. This study aimed to measure the percent of catastrophic costs experienced by Egyptian TB patients and to identify its determinants.Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study with 151 Egyptian TB patients recruited from two chest dispensaries from the Cairo governate from May 2019 to May 2020. We used a validated World Health Organization TB patient-cost tool to collect data on patients’ demographic information, household income, and direct and indirect expense of seeking TB treatment. We considered catastrophic TB costs to be total costs exceeding 20% of the household’s annual income.Results: Of the patients, 33% experienced catastrophic costs. The highest proportion of the total came in the pretreatment stage. Being the main breadwinner, experiencing job loss, selling property, and the occurrence of early coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown were independent determinants of the incidence of catastrophic costs. Borrowing money and selling property were the most-often reported coping strategies adopted.Conclusion: Despite the availability of free TB care under the Egyptian National TB Program, nearly a third of the TB patients incurred catastrophic costs. Job loss and being the main breadwinner were among the significant predictors of catastrophic costs. Social protection mechanisms, including cash assistance and insurance coverage, are necessary to achieve the goal of the End TB Strategy.

On NBUL class at specific age

M. A. W. Mahmoud,M. E. Moshref,A. M. Gadallah 한국신뢰성학회 2014 International Journal of Reliability and Applicati Vol.15 No.1

New classes of life distributions called new better (worse) than used at age t0 in Laplacetransform order, NBUL - t0(NWUL - t0) are introduced. For the classes NBUL - t0( NWUL- t0), preservation under convolution, mixture, mixing and the homogeneous Poissonshock model are studied. In the sequel, we obtain a test for H0 : F is exponential versus H t1 : F is NBUL- t0 and not exponential. The critical values and the powers of this test arecalculated to assess the performance of the test. It is shown that the proposed test has highefficiencies for some commonly used distributions in reliability. Sets of real data are used asexamples to elucidate the use of the proposed test for practical problems.

Burnup analysis for HTR-10 reactor core loaded with uranium and thorium oxide

Alzamly, Mohamed A.,Aziz, Moustafa,Badawi, Alya A.,Gabal, Hanaa Abou,Gadallah, Abdel Rraouf A. Korean Nuclear Society 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.4

We used MCNP6 computer code to model HTR-10 core reactor. We used two types of fuel; UO₂ and (Th+Pu)O₂ mixture. We determined the critical height at which the reactor approached criticality in both two cases. The neutronic and burnup parameters were investigated. The results indicated that the core fueled with mixed (Th+Pu)O₂, achieved about 24% higher fuel cycle length than the UO₂ case. It also enhanced safeguard security by burning Pu isotopes. The results were compared with previously published papers and good agreements were found.

Clinical Utility of Chest Sonography in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Focusing on Diaphragmatic Measurements

( Hend M. Esmaeel ),( Kamal A. Atta ),( Safiya Khalaf ),( Doaa Gadallah ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2024 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.87 No.1

Background: There are many methods of evaluating diaphragmatic function, including trans-diaphragmatic pressure measurements, which are considered the key rule of diagnosis. We studied the clinical usefulness of chest ultrasonography in evaluating stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and those in exacerbation, focusing on diaphragmatic measurements and their correlation with spirometry and other clinical parameters. Methods: In a prospective case-control study, we enrolled 100 COPD patients divided into 40 stable COPD patients and 60 patients with exacerbation. The analysis included 20 age-matched controls. In addition to the clinical assessment of the study population, radiological evaluation included chest radiographs and chest computed tomography. Transthoracic ultrasonography (TUS) was performed for all included subjects. Results: Multiple A lines (more than 3) were more frequent in COPD exacerbation than in stable patients, as was the case for B-lines. TUS significantly showed high specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy in detecting pleural effusion, consolidation, pneumothorax, and lung mass. Diaphragmatic measurements were significantly lower among stable COPD subjects than healthy controls. Diaphragmatic thickness and excursion displayed a significant negative correlation with body mass index and the dyspnea scale, and a positive correlation with spirometry measures. Patients in Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) group D showed lower diaphragmatic measurements (thickness and excursion). Conclusion: The TUS of COPD patients both in stable and exacerbated conditions and the assessment of diaphragm excursion and thickness by TUS in COPD patients and their correlations to disease-related factors proved informative and paved the way for the better management of COPD patients.

Assessment of Household Catastrophic Total Cost of Tuberculosis and Its Determinants in Cairo: Prospective Cohort Study

( Manar M. Ellaban ),( Nashwa I. Basyoni ),( Dina N. K. Boulos ),( Mervat Rady ),( Mohsen Gadallah ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2022 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.85 No.2

Background: One goal of the End tuberculosis (TB) Strategy is to see no TB-affected households experiencing catastrophic costs. Therefore, it is crucial for TB-elimination programs to identify catastrophic costs and their main drivers in order to establish appropriate health and social measures. This study aimed to measure the percent of catastrophic costs experienced by Egyptian TB patients and to identify its determinants. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study with 151 Egyptian TB patients recruited from two chest dispensaries from the Cairo governate from May 2019 to May 2020. We used a validated World Health Organization TB patient-cost tool to collect data on patients’ demographic information, household income, and direct and indirect expense of seeking TB treatment. We considered catastrophic TB costs to be total costs exceeding 20% of the household’s annual income. Results: Of the patients, 33% experienced catastrophic costs. The highest proportion of the total came in the pretreatment stage. Being the main breadwinner, experiencing job loss, selling property, and the occurrence of early coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown were independent determinants of the incidence of catastrophic costs. Borrowing money and selling property were the most-often reported coping strategies adopted. Conclusion: Despite the availability of free TB care under the Egyptian National TB Program, nearly a third of the TB patients incurred catastrophic costs. Job loss and being the main breadwinner were among the significant predictors of catastrophic costs. Social protection mechanisms, including cash assistance and insurance coverage, are necessary to achieve the goal of the End TB Strategy.

Clinical Utility of Chest Sonography in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Focusing on Diaphragmatic Measurements

Hend M. Esmaeel, M.B.B.S., M.D.,Kamal A. Atta, M.B.B.S., M.D.,Safiya Khalaf, M.B.B.S.,Doaa Gadallah, M.B.B.S., M.D. 대한결핵및호흡기학회 2024 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.87 No.1

Background: There are many methods of evaluating diaphragmatic function, includingtrans-diaphragmatic pressure measurements, which are considered the key rule of diagnosis. We studied the clinical usefulness of chest ultrasonography in evaluating stablechronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and those in exacerbation,focusing on diaphragmatic measurements and their correlation with spirometry andother clinical parameters. Methods: In a prospective case-control study, we enrolled 100 COPD patients dividedinto 40 stable COPD patients and 60 patients with exacerbation. The analysis included20 age-matched controls. In addition to the clinical assessment of the study population,radiological evaluation included chest radiographs and chest computed tomography. Transthoracic ultrasonography (TUS) was performed for all included subjects. Results: Multiple A lines (more than 3) were more frequent in COPD exacerbation thanin stable patients, as was the case for B-lines. TUS significantly showed high specificity,negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy in detecting pleuraleffusion, consolidation, pneumothorax, and lung mass. Diaphragmatic measurementswere significantly lower among stable COPD subjects than healthy controls. Diaphragmaticthickness and excursion displayed a significant negative correlation with bodymass index and the dyspnea scale, and a positive correlation with spirometry measures. Patients in Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) groupD showed lower diaphragmatic measurements (thickness and excursion). Conclusion: The TUS of COPD patients both in stable and exacerbated conditions andthe assessment of diaphragm excursion and thickness by TUS in COPD patients andtheir correlations to disease-related factors proved informative and paved the way forthe better management of COPD patients.