Avoidable Burden of Risk Factors for Serious Road Traffic Crashes in Iran: A Modeling Study

Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani,Kamyar Mansori,Manoochehr Karami,Farid Zayeri,Reza Khosravi Shadman,Shiva Mansouri Hanis,Hamid Soori 대한예방의학회 2017 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.50 No.2

Objectives: The aim of this study was to model the avoidable burden of the risk factors of road traffic crashes in Iran and to prioritize interventions to reduce that burden. Methods: The prevalence and the effect size of the risk factors were obtained from data documented by the traffic police of Iran in 2013. The effect size was estimated using an ordinal regression model. The potential impact fraction index was applied to calculate the avoidable burden in order to prioritize interventions. This index was calculated for theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios. The joint effects of the risk factors were then estimated for all the scenarios. Results: The highest avoidable burdens in the theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios for the non-use of child restraints on urban roads were 52.25, 28.63, and 46.67, respectively. In contrast, the value of this index for speeding was 76.24, 37.00, and 62.23, respectively, for rural roads. Conclusions: On the basis of the different scenarios considered in this research, we suggest focusing on future interventions to decrease the prevalence of speeding, the non-use of child restraints, the use of cell phones while driving, and helmet disuse, and the laws related to these items should be considered seriously.

Estimation of the population attributable fraction of road-related injuries due to speeding and passing in Iran

Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani,Hamid Soori,Kamyar Mansori,Manoochehr Karami,Erfan Ayubi,Salman Khazaei 한국역학회 2016 Epidemiology and Health Vol.38 No.-

OBJECTIVES: Speeding and passing are considered to be the main human factors resulting in road traffic injuries (RTIs). This study aimed to estimate the population attributeable fraction (PAF) of speeding and passing in RTIs in rural Iran during 2012. METHODS: The contribution of speeding and passing to RTI-related morbidity and mortality was estimated using the PAF method. The prevalence of speeding and passing was obtained from the national traffic police data registry. A logistic regression model was used to measure the association between the above risk factors and RTIs. RESULTS: Speeding accounted for 20.96% and 16.61% of rural road-related deaths and injuries, respectively. The corresponding values for passing were 13.50% and 13.44%, respectively. Jointly, the PAF of these factors was 31.63% for road-related deaths and 27.81% for injuries. CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrates the importance of controlling speeding and passing as a high-priority aspect of public-health approaches to RTIs in Iran. It is recommended that laws restricting speeding and passing be enforced more strictly.

Avoidable Burden of Risk Factors for Serious Road Traffic Crashes in Iran: A Modeling Study

Shadmani, Fatemeh Khosravi,Mansori, Kamyar,Karami, Manoochehr,Zayeri, Farid,Shadman, Reza Khosravi,Hanis, Shiva Mansouri,Soori, Hamid The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2017 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.50 No.2

Objectives: The aim of this study was to model the avoidable burden of the risk factors of road traffic crashes in Iran and to prioritize interventions to reduce that burden. Methods: The prevalence and the effect size of the risk factors were obtained from data documented by the traffic police of Iran in 2013. The effect size was estimated using an ordinal regression model. The potential impact fraction index was applied to calculate the avoidable burden in order to prioritize interventions. This index was calculated for theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios. The joint effects of the risk factors were then estimated for all the scenarios. Results: The highest avoidable burdens in the theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios for the non-use of child restraints on urban roads were 52.25, 28.63, and 46.67, respectively. In contrast, the value of this index for speeding was 76.24, 37.00, and 62.23, respectively, for rural roads. Conclusions: On the basis of the different scenarios considered in this research, we suggest focusing on future interventions to decrease the prevalence of speeding, the non-use of child restraints, the use of cell phones while driving, and helmet disuse, and the laws related to these items should be considered seriously.

Shikonin Induced Necroptosis via Reactive Oxygen Species in the T-47D Breast Cancer Cell Line

Shahsavari, Zahra,Karami-Tehrani, Fatemeh,Salami, Siamak Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.16

Breast cancer, the most common cancer in the women, is the leading cause of death. Necrotic signaling pathways will enable targeted therapeutic agents to eliminate apoptosis-resistant cancer cells. In the present study, the effect of shikonin on the induction of cell necroptosis or apoptosis was evaluated using the T-47D breast cancer cell line. The cell death modes, caspase-3 and 8 activities and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed. Cell death mainly occurred through necroptosis. In the presence of Nec-1, caspase-3 mediated apoptosis was apparent in the shikonin treated cells. Shikonin stimulates ROS generation in the mitochondria of T-47D cells, which causes necroptosis or apoptosis. Induction of necroptosis, as a backup-programmed cell death pathway via ROS stimulation, offers a new strategy for the treatment of breast cancer.

Prediction of Water Quality Parameters Using ANFIS Optimized by Intelligence Algorithms (Case Study: Gorganrud River)

Armin Azad,Hojat Karami,Saeed Farzin,Amir Saeedian,Hamed Kashi,Fatemeh Sayyahi 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.7

Water quality management and control has high importance in planning and developing of water resources. This study investigatedapplication of Genetic Algorithm (GA), Ant Colony Optimization for Continuous Domains (ACOR) and Differential Evolution (DE)in improving the performance of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), for evaluating the quality parameters ofGorganroud River water, such as Electrical Conductivity (EC), Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) and Total Hardness (TH). Accordingly, initially most suitable inputs were estimated for every model using sensitivity analysis and then all of the qualityparameters were predicted using mentioned models. Investigations showed that for predicting EC and TH in test stage, ANFIS-DEwith R2 values of 0.98 and 0.97, respectively and RMSE values of 73.03 and 49.55 and also MAPE values of 5.16 and 9.55,respectively were the most appropriate models. Also, ANFIS-DE and ANFIS-GA models had the best performance in prediction ofSAR (R2 = 0.95, 0.91; RMSE = 0.43, 0.37 and MAPE = 13.43, 13.72) in test stage. It is noteworthy that ANFIS showed the bestperformance in prediction of all mentioned water quality parameters in training stage. The results indicated the ability of mentionedalgorithms in improving the accuracy of ANFIS for predicting the quality parameters of river water.

Tailoring the separation performance and antifouling property of polyethersulfone based NF membrane by incorporating hydrophilic CuO nanoparticles

Sayed Mohsen Hosseini,Fatemeh Karami,Samaneh Koudzari Farahani,Samaneh Bandehali,Jiangnan Shen,Ehsan Bagheripour,Amin Seidypoor 한국화학공학회 2020 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.37 No.5

CuO/PES composite membranes were fabricated through phase inversion method, focusing on fouling reduction and improving separation performance. Copper oxide nanoparticles were used as filler additive in the membrane structure. The effect of the embedded CuO nanoparticles on the morphology was studied by considering SEM, SOM and 3D surface images. Flux recovery ratio (FRR%), water contact angle, water content, mechanical tensile strength, porosity and mean pore size, salt rejection and water flux were investigated to evaluate the performance of fabricated membranes. The SOM images showed a uniform surface for the modified membranes. SEM images showed a finger-like structure for the modified membranes. Results also denoted an increment in porosity and mean pore size of membrane at low concentration of CuO NPs, whereas the opposite trend was found at higher concentration of nanoparticles. Utilizing CuO NPs enhanced the membrane tensile strength obviously. PWF significantly was improved by applying CuO NPs in membrane matrix. Highest PWF (42.63 L/m2h) was observed for PES-0.05 wt% CuO blended membrane, whereas it was 10.41 (L/ m2h) for pristine ones. Salt rejection also measured 82% for virgin membrane and 63-90% for modified membranes. Moreover, FRR% were measured (~77% to ~93%), while the pristine membrane showed ~63% FRR%.

Immobilized Laminin-derived Peptide Can Enhance Expression of Stemness Markers in Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Nafiseh Tavakolpoor Saleh,Alireza Naderi Sohi,Elaheh Esmaeili,Somayeh Karami,Fatemeh Soleimanifar,Nikoo Nasoohi 한국생물공학회 2019 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.24 No.6

Due to number of reasons such as ease of isolation and their broad differentiation capability, adult human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely considered as of the most promising cells for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Nevertheless quick decrease in expression of transcription factors associated with stemness and self-renewal during ex vivo expansion of MSCs is an impediment against their therapeutic applications. Since the influence of extra cellular matrix (ECM) proteins on the fate of stem cells is well documented, the culture of MSCs on ECM-derived synthetic biomolecules is worth investigating. In the present study, a lamininderived peptide, YIGSR was covalently immobilized on the chitosan film surface using carbodiimide chemistry and confirmed by fluorometry. The results obtained from surface characterization by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurement, showed no significant difference in topological features and hydrophilicity after peptide immobilization. Employment of these surfaces for culture of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated that the immobilized YIGSR peptide has a favorable effect on adhesion and maintaining viability of the MSCs as well as on the expression of stemness markers (Nanog, Oct-4, and Sox-2) in these cells.