Comparison of New and Established Full-Field Digital Mammography Systems in Diagnostic Performance

Ko, Eun Sook,Han, Boo-Kyung,Kim, Sun Mi,Ko, Eun Young,Jang, Mijung,Lyou, Chae Yeon,Chang, Jung Min,Moon, Woo Kyung,Kim, Rock Bum The Korean Society of Radiology 2013 KOREAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY Vol.14 No.2

<P><B>Objective</B></P><P>To compare the diagnostic performance of new and established full-field digital mammography (FFDM) systems.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>During a 15-month period, 1038 asymptomatic women who visited for mammography were prospectively included from two institutions. For women with routine two-view mammograms from established FFDM systems, bilateral mediolateral oblique (MLO) mammograms were repeated using the new FFDM system. One of the four reviewers evaluated two-sets of bilateral MLO mammograms at 4-week intervals by using a five-point score for the probability of malignancy according to a Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. The lesion type and breast density were determined by the consensus of two readers at each institution. The dichotomized mammographic results correlated with a final pathologic outcome and follow-up data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, sensitivity, and specificity were compared in general and according to the lesion type and breast density.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Of the 1038 cases, 193 (18.6%) had cancer. The areas under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of the established system were 0.815, 65.3%, and 90.2%, respectively. Those of the new system were 0.839, 68.4%, and 91.7%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the AUCs, sensitivities or the specificities in general between new and established systems (Ps = 0.194, 0.590, 0.322, respectively). We found no significant difference in these parameters according to lesion type or breast density.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>The new FFDM system has a comparable diagnostic performance with established systems.</P>

Adaptive Control of Robot Manipulators Using Lyapunov Design

유준,남상우,김병연,박은영,Lyou, Joon,Nam, Sang-Woo,Kim, Byung-Yeun,Park, Eun-Young The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 1987 전자공학회논문지 Vol.24 No.6

This paper prexents an adaptive control scheme which adjusts any deviations of the manipulator from a desired trajectory. The scheme combines a new adaptive control and the conventional nominal control which drives the manipulator to the neighborhood of the trajectory. The proposed adaptive control is developed based on the lineatized perturbation equations in the vicinity of the trajectory and the Lyapunov design method, which makes the perturbations exponentially decay and has less computational requirements than the existing ones.

질소 주개 리간드를 갖는 바나듐(III) 착물의 합성과 특성

오상오,유은영,Sang-Oh Oh,Eun-Young Lyou 대한화학회 1992 대한화학회지 Vol.36 No.6

VCl3${\cdot}$3MeCN과 리간드를 반응시켜 새로운 바나듐(III) 착물을 합성하였으며 원소분석과 적외선, 핵자기 공명 및 전자 흡수스펙트럼 등을 이용하여 그 특성을 조사하였다. 사용한 리간드는 3,5-lutidine(lutd), 8-hydroxyquinoline(oxine), 1,2-phenylenediamine(phda), ethylenediamine(en), and sym-diphenylethylenediamine(dpen)이다. lutidine 착물의 V-Cl 신축진동이 418$cm^{-1}$에서 나타나고, 다른 착물들(oxine, phda, en, dpen)은 337∼347 $cm^{-1}$에서 나타난다. 이러한 사실로 전자의 착물은 삼각 이중뿔 구조이며 후자의 착물들은 팔면체 구조로 추정된다. oxine과 phda 착물에서 acetonitrile의 C${\equiv}$N 신축진동은 자유 리간드(2260$cm^{-1}$) 보다 약 70$cm^{-1}$ 증가한 위치에서 나타나며, 또한 C${\equiv}$N 굽힘진동도 자유 리간드(377$cm^{-1}$)보다 약 60$cm^{-1}$ 증가한 위치에서 나타난다. 이러한 결과에 따라 [$VCl_3(lutd)_2$], [$VCl(oxine)_2$MeCN]$Cl_2$, [$VCl(phda)_2$MeCN]$Cl_2$, [$VCl_2(en)_2$]Cl, [$VCl_2(dpen)_2$]Cl와 같은 바나듐(III) 착물임을 알 수 있었다. Some vanadium(III) complexes have been prepared by the reaction of VCl3${\cdot}$3MeCN with ligands and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR, infrared and UV-Visible spectroscopy. 3,5-lutidine(lutd), 8-hydroxyquinoline(oxine), 1,2-phenylenediamine(phda), ethylenediamine(en), and sym-diphenylethylenediamine(dpen) were chosen as coordinating ligands. ${\nu}$(V-Cl) of lutidine complex occurs at 418 $cm^{-1}$ and the other complexes (oxine, phda, en, dpen) occur at 337∼347 $cm^{-1}$. The value of ${\nu}$(V-Cl) indicates that the former complex has trigonal bipyramid structure and the latter complexes have octahedral structure. The ${\nu}$(C${\equiv}$N) of acetonitrile in oxine and phda complexes are characteristically shifted to about 70 $cm^{-1}$ higher frequency compared with that of free ligand (2260 $cm^{-1}$). The ${\delta}$(C${\equiv}$N) is also shifted to about 60 $cm^{-1}$ higher frequency compared with that of free ligand (377 $cm^{-1}$). Finally each vanadium(III) complex showed the following formulation; [$VCl_3(lutd)_2$], [$VCl(oxine)_2$MeCN]$Cl_2$, [$VCl(phda)_2$MeCN]$Cl_2$, [$VCl_2(en)_2$]Cl, [$VCl_2(dpen)_2$]Cl.

질소, 산소, 인 주개 리간드를 갖는 바나듐(Ⅲ) 착물의 합성과 특성 (제 2 보)

오상오,류은영,Oh Sang-Oh,Lyou Eun-Young 대한화학회 1993 대한화학회지 Vol.37 No.6

VC$l_3$과 N, P, O 주개 리간드를 반응시켜 새로운 바나듐(Ⅲ) 착물을 합성하였으며 원소분석과 적외선, 핵자기 공명 및 전자 흡수스펙트럼 등을 이용하여 그 특성을 조사하였다. 사용한 리간드는 3,5-Lutidine, 1,2-phenylenediamine, 8-hydroxyquinoline, 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, triphenylphosphine, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane 과 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene이다. 합성된 착물의 V-Cl 신축진동이 298~367 c$m^{-1}$에서 나타나므로 팔면체 구조로 추정된다. V-X(X=N, P, O) 신축진동이 200~600 cm-1에서 각각 관측되므로 바나듐에 리간드가 배위도니 것을 알 수 있다. Acetonitile의 C≡N 신축진동은 자유리간드(2260 cm-1)보다 약 70 c$m^{-1}$ 증가한 위치에서 나타나며, 또한 C≡N 굽힘진동도 자유리간드(377 c$m^{-1}$)보다 약 60 c$m^{-1}$ 증가한 위치에서 나타난다. 이러한 결과에 따라 [VC$l_3$(L$_2$)MeCN] 및 [VC$l_3$(L-L)MeCN]와 같은 팔면체 구조의 바나듐(Ⅲ) 착물임을 알 수 있었다. Some vanadium(III) complexes have been prepared from the reaction of VC$l_3$ with N, P, O-donating ligands and characterized by elemental analysis, $^1$H-NMR infrared and UV-Visible spectroscopy. 3,5-Lutidine, 1,2-phenylenediamine, 8-hydroxyquinoline, 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, triphenylphosphine, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane and 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene were chosen as coordinating ligands. Stretching frequency ${\nu}g$(V-Cl) of complexes appears) at 298∼367 cm-1, which show octahedral geometries. Stretching frequency of ${\nu}g$(V-X) (X = N, P, O) indicates that ligands are coordinated to vanadium(III). Stretching frequency ${\nu}g(C{\equiv}N)$ of acetonitrile in these complexes are characteristically shifted to about 70 c$m^{-1}$ higher compared with that of a free ligand (2260 c$m^{-1}$). Bending frequency of $\delta(C{\equiv}N)$ is also shifted to about 60 c$m^{-1}$ higher compared with that of a free ligand (377 c$m^{-1}$). Finally each vanadium(III) complex showed the following formulation; [VC$l_3$(L)$_2$MeCN] or [VC$l_3$(L-L)MeCN].

몰리브덴(Ⅲ)과 바나듐(Ⅲ) 이핵 착물의 합성과 특성 (제5보)

오상오,류은영,Oh, Sang-Oh,Lyou, Eun-Young 대한화학회 1995 대한화학회지 Vol.39 No.7

$MCl_z(M=Mo;\;z=5,\;M=V;\;z=3)$과 N, P 주개 리간드를 acetonitrile 용매에서 반응시켜 중성 착물 $MCl_3(phda)(MeCN)]과 \; [MCl_3(PPh_3)_2(MeCN)](M=Mo,\;V)$을 합성하였다. Acetone 용액에서 이들 중성 착물과 AgClO_4$를 반응시켜 양이온 착물 $MCl_{3-n}L_2(MeCN)(S)_n](ClO_4)_n$(n=1,2:s=solvent)을 얻었다. 염소가 연결된 $[(MeCN)(phda)ClM({\mu}-Cl)_2M'Cl(PPh_3)_2(MeCN)](ClO_4)_2$ 및 pyrazine이 연결된 $[(MeCN)(phda)Cl_2M({\mu}-pyz)M'Cl_2(PPh_3)_2(MeCN)](ClO_4)_2$형의 호모(M=M'), 헤테로 $(M{\neq}M')$ 이핵 착물을 합성하였다. 합성한 착물들은 원소분석과 적외선, $^1H,\;^13C$ 핵자기 공명 및 전자 흡수스펙트럼을 이용하여 그 특성을 조사하였다. The neutral complexes $MCl_3(phda)(MeCN)]$ and $[MCl_3(PPh_3)_2(MeCN)]$ (M=Mo, V) were prepared by the reaction of $MCl_z$, (M=Mo; z=5, M=V; z=3) with N, P-donating ligands in acetonitrile solution. Addition of AgClO_4$ to these neutral monomeric complexes in acetone solution afforded $MCl_{3-n}L_2(MeCN)(S)_n](ClO_4)_n$ (n=1, 2 : s=solvent). Two types of asymmetrical homo- and hetero-dinuclear complexes have been synthesized. The type of chloride bridged dinuclear complex is $[(MeCN)(phda)ClM({\mu}-Cl)_2M'Cl(PPh_3)_2(MeCN)](ClO_4)_2.$ And the type of pyrazine bridged complex is $[(MeCN)(phda)Cl_2M({\mu}-pyz)M'Cl_2(PPh_3)_2(MeCN)](ClO_4)_2.$ These complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, $^1H,\;^13C$ NMR, IR, Far-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy.