http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Christ, Andrew J.,Talaia-Murray, Manique,Elking, Natalie,Domack, Eugene W.,Leventer, Amy,Lavoie, Caroline,Brachfeld, Stefanie,Yoo, Kyu-Cheul,Gilbert, Robert,Jeong, Sun-Mi,Petrushak, Stephen,Wellner, J Geological Society of America 2015 Geological Society of America bulletin Vol.127 No.1
<P>Three marine sediment cores were collected along the length of the fjord axis of Barilari Bay, Graham Land, west Antarctic Peninsula (65°55′S, 64°43′W). Multi-proxy analytical results constrained by high-resolution geochronological methods (<SUP>210</SUP>Pb, radiocarbon, <SUP>137</SUP>Cs) in concert with historical observations capture a record of Holocene paleoenvironmental variability. Our results suggest early and middle Holocene (>7022–2815 cal. [calibrated] yr B.P.) retreated glacial positions and seasonally open marine conditions with increased primary productivity. Climatic cooling increased sea ice coverage and decreased primary productivity during the Neoglacial (2815 to cal. 730 cal. yr B.P.). This climatic cooling culminated with glacial advance to maximum Holocene positions and expansion of a fjord-wide ice shelf during the Little Ice Age (LIA) (ca. 730–82 cal. yr B.P.). Seasonally open marine conditions were achieved and remnant ice shelves decayed within the context of recent rapid regional warming (82 cal. yr B.P. to present). Our findings agree with previously observed late Holocene cooling and glacial advance across the Antarctic Peninsula, suggesting that the LIA was a regionally significant event with few disparities in timing and magnitude. Comparison of the LIA Antarctic Peninsula record to the rest of the Southern Hemisphere demonstrates close synchronicity in the southeast Pacific and southern most Atlantic region but less coherence for the southwest Pacific and Indian Oceans. Comparisons with the Northern Hemisphere demonstrate that the LIA Antarctic Peninsula record was contemporaneous with pre-LIA cooling and sea ice expansion in the North Atlantic–Arctic, suggesting a global reach for these events.</P>
( Elke Gronniger ) 대한피부과학회 2014 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.66 No.2
Background: In the management of atopic dermatitis (AD), there are increasing concerns on the use of steroids. As AD is one of the most common chronic diseases in infancy and childhood, the needs for alternative treatment for steroids is on the rise. Emollients which can be one of the replacements for steroids are integral to the long-term management of atopic dermatitis (AD), the evidence for their efficacy in disease flares is limited. Objective: The study was aimed to investigate the stand-alone efficacy of an emollient formulation with regard to improvement of the clinical symptoms, skin barrier function and reduction of pathogenic bacterial colonization in acute stage of AD. Method: The study was conducted in Germany, Korea, and Thailand separately with consistent design. Volunteers with symmetric, mild to moderately severe inflammatory lesions on the forearms/arms were recruited for the study. At inclusion, the forearms/arms of each volunteer were randomized to receive for 1 week either an o/w formulation containing licochalcone A (Glycyrrhiza Inflata root extract), decanediol, menthoxypropanediol and x-6-fatty acids (emollient arm) or 1% hydrocortisone (HC arm); after 1 week, the application of the emollient and HC were discontinued and the volunteers applied a w/o emollient containing licochalcone A and x-6-fatty acids on both arms for further 3 weeks. The outcomes included reduction of the clinical and itch severity, decrease in S.aureus colonization, and improvement of the barrier function, skin hydration and skin tolerability assessed after 1 week (D7) and after 4 weeks (D28) respectively. Results: In both arms, there was a significant decrease in the severity score, itch intensity, erythema and TEWL on D7 and D28 compared to baseline. In addition, emollient use resulted in pronounced decrease in S.aureus colonization and significant increase of skin hydration on D7. The comparison of the outcomes, based on percentage change from baseline, showed no significant differences between the emollient and HC arm at any time point. Conclusions: The results of the study indicate that the 1-week stand-alone application of an emollient, tailored to target inflammation, pruritus, compromised barrier function and pathogenic bacterial colonization may offer benefit for the improvement of mild to moderately severe localized flares of AD.
Different approaches towards fuzzy database systems A Survey
Rundensteiner, Elke A.,Hawkes, Lois Wright Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 1993 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.3 No.1
Fuzzy data is a phenomenon often occurring in real life. There is the inherent vagueness of classification terms referring to a continuous scale, the uncertainty of linguistic terms such as "I almost agree" or the vagueness of terms and concepts due to the statistical variability in communication [20] and many more. Previously, such fuzzy data was approximated by non-fuzzy (crisp) data, which obviously did not lead to a correct and precise representation of the real world. Fuzzy set theory has been developed to represent and manipulate fuzzy data [18]. Explicitly managing the degree of fuzziness in databases allows the system to distinguish between what is known, what is not known and what is partially known. Systems in the literature whose specific objective is to handle imprecision in databases present various approaches. This paper is concerned with the different ways uncertainty and imprecision are handled in database design. It outlines the major areas of fuzzification in (relational) database systems.
A rare combined variation of the coeliac trunk, renal and testicular vasculature
Renate Elke Potgieter,Adam Michael Taylor,Quenton Wessels 대한해부학회 2018 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.51 No.1
The authors report a rare variation of the coeliac trunk, renal and testicular vasculature in a 27-year-old male cadaver. In the present case, the coeliac trunk and superior mesenteric artery was replaced by a modified coeliacomesenteric trunk formed by hepato-gastric and superior mesenteric arteries. Here the hepato-gastric artery or trunk contributed towards the total hepatic inflow as well as a gastro-duodenal artery. A separate right gastric artery and an additional superior pancreaticoduodenal artery was also found in addition with a retro-aortic left renal vein and a bilateral double renal arterial supply. The aforementioned coeliac trunk variation, to our knowledge, has never been reported before and this variation combined with the renal vasculature requires careful surgical consideration.
RATING SCALES INFLUENCE RESPONSE BEHAVIOR
Cabooter Elke,Geuens Maggie,Weijters Bert,Vermeir Iris 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7
Questionnaires are an important source of data in marketing research. Unfortunately, survey data is often confounded by response styles such as acquiescence response style, disacquiescence response style, extreme response style and midpoint response style. Researchers can use different rating scale formats, which basically differ on two major dimensions, namely Polarity (unipolar versus bipolar) and Anchoring (only positive numbers or negative and positive numbers). To investigate which scale format performs best in terms of minimizing different response styles, we set up an experiment in which we manipulate Polarity and Anchoring. An online survey (N=337) shows strong effects of Polarity and Anchoring on response distributions and provides evidence for the superiority of the unipolar scale format with positive anchors.