In Vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of protocatechualdehyde isolated from Phellinus gilvus

Elias gebru,Seungjin Lee,Dereje Damte,Woosik Jo,Seungchun Park 한국버섯학회 2010 한국버섯학회 국제학술대회 Vol.6 No.-

INDONESIA VS KOREAN : PHONETICAL GAP

Elias, Savitri 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소 1997 東南亞硏究 Vol.- No.6

In Vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of protocatechualdehyde isolated from Phellinus gilvus

Elias gebru,Seungjin Lee,Dereje Damte,Woosik Jo,Seungchun Park 한국버섯학회 2010 한국버섯학회지 Vol.8 No.4

Phellinus gilvus(PG) is a medicinal mushroom belonging to the Hymenochaetaceae basidiomycetes, and has advantages over many Phellinus species due to its short growth period (3 mo), making it cheaper to produce. In the current investigation, we determined the major components of the ethyl acetate extract of PG responsible for its biological activities and further compared the magnitude of the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory activities of components with the various fractional extracts of PG. As the results, the average total DPPH radical scavenging activities of both Fd and Fc of PG was 10 mg/mL, > 95%. Among the fractional extracts of PG, Fd had the greatest inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 36.70㎍/mL, whereas Fb showed the lowest activity. PCA had even greater activity of NO inhibition than Fd with an IC50 value of 19.46㎍/mL. The mRNA expression of iNOS or COX-2 was nearly undetectable in the absence of LPS. However, LPS- stimulation markedly increased the expression of both iNOS and COX-2 genes. Fd inhibited the effect of LPS in a concentration-dependent manner. Six major compounds were identified from the ethyl acetate extract of PG, and protocatechualdehyde (PCA) was supposed to be the major phenolic compound of PG responsible for its DPPH free radical scavenging activity and its inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments are currently underway to confirm this observation and to investigate the detailed molecular mechanisms involved in the process as well as the biological activities of other fractions of Fd.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic integration of orbifloxacin in Korean Hanwoo cattle

ELIAS, G.,LEE, J.-S.,HWANG, M.-H.,PARK, Y.-S.,CHO, K.-H.,KIM, Y.-H.,PARK, S.-C. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutic Vol.32 No.3

<P>The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of orbifloxacin were studied in six clinically healthy Hanwoo cows after intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration at a dose of 3 mg/kg. Orbifloxacin concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Steady-state volume of distribution and clearance of orbifloxacin after i.v. administration were 0.92 L/kg and 0.24 L/h·kg, respectively. Following i.m. administration, a slow and complete absorption with absolute bioavailability of 101.4%, and a maximum concentration (<I>C</I><SUB>max</SUB>) of 1.17 &mgr;g/mL at 1.04 h were observed. The <I>in vitro</I> serum protein binding was 14.76%. The <I>in vitro</I> antibacterial activity of orbifloxacin against a pathogenic strain of <I>Mannheimia haemolytica</I> (<I>M. haemolytica</I>), <I>Escherichia coli</I> (<I>E. coli</I>) and <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> (<I>S. aureus</I>) was determined<I>.</I> The <I>ex vivo</I> activity of orbifloxacin against <I>M. haemolytica</I> strain was also determined<I>,</I> and these data were integrated with the <I>ex vivo</I> bacterial counts to establish <I>AUC</I><SUB>24h</SUB>/<I>MIC</I> values producing bacteriostatic action, bactericidal action and elimination of bacteria. Mean values were 32.7, 51.6 and 102.6 h, respectively. From these data, we predict that orbifloxacin, when administered i.m. at a dosage of 2.5–5 mg/kg once a day, would be effective against bovine pathogens, such as <I>M. haemolytica.</I> Additional studies may be needed to confirm its efficacy in a clinical setting, and to evaluate the penetration of the drug in diseased tissues.</P>

Convergence towards the Revealed Comparative Advantage Neutral Point for East Asia: Similarities and Differences between the Three Countries

Elias Sanidas,Yousun Shin 서울대학교 경제연구소 2011 Seoul journal of economics Vol.24 No.1

The aim of this study is to use two main revealed comparative advantage (RCA) indices (Balassa's and the most recent "normalized" indices) and various quantitative techniques in order to systemically and rigorously draw some conclusions as to comparative advantage (CA) of the three East Asian countries. We use both HS 2-digit and 4-digit data to see how the three countries perform in RCA from 1995 to 2008. Overall, we find that there still exists a strict hierarchy in terms of CA in the three East Asian countries, although there is also a catching up process between them with a convergence towards a more competitive structure of RCA in exports. This mainly means that Japan and Korea are already in the process of converging towards the RCA neutral point (thus sectors that had RCA in 1995 get worse and sectors that did not have RCA in 1995 get better). However, China's position is still different from that of the other two countries (overall it might still be in the process of divergence).

Corallite increase and mural pores in <i>Lichenaria</i> (Tabulata, Ordovician)

Elias, Robert J.,Lee, Dong-Jin,Woo, Sung-Kyu Cambridge University Press 2008 Journal of paleontology Vol.82 No.2

<P><I>Lichenaria</I> may be a representative of the most primitive stock of tabulate corals. The degree of paleobiologic complexity discovered in <I>L. globularis</I> and <I>L. grandis</I> is therefore surprising. Six types of corallite increase are recognized. All are lateral, which is the predominant mode in tabulates. Most types, however, are unique or are comparable to those in few other Ordovician taxa. Only Type 1 (<I>L. globularis</I>), yielding a single offset with a simple basal mural pore, is typical of tabulates. In Type 2 (<I>L. globularis</I>), one parent produces two offsets simultaneously, whereas in Type 3 (<I>L. globularis</I>), two offsets arise from separate parents at nearly the same time and join via a connective mural pore. Types 4 (<I>L. globularis, L. grandis</I>), 5 (<I>L. grandis</I>), and 6 (<I>L. globularis, L. grandis</I>), respectively, involve one, two, and two to four corallites in addition to the parent, which join via a connective mural pore at the site of offsetting.</P><P>Several features of <I>L. globularis</I> and <I>L. grandis</I> point to unexpectedly high levels of colony integration. Continuously fused common walls lacking back-to-back epithecae suggest soft tissue continuity among polyps above the corallum. Connective mural pores indicate temporary fusion of polyps. Coordinated behavior of polyps is suggested by the development of conjoined offsets from two parents during Type 3 increase, and by fusion during Types 4 to 6 increase. Attempts at certain types of increase sometimes failed to yield offsets, suggesting expendability of incipient buds, perhaps reflecting subjugation of individuals for the good of the colony.</P><P>In light of this study, genera that have previously been included in Lichenariidae and Lichenariida require reassessment and their phylogenetic relationships should be reconsidered. Unfortunately, this is hindered because fundamental characters such as corallite increase and wall structure remain inadequately known in most early tabulates.</P>

Linear Production Function Based Modeling and Estimations of wages and profits in S. Korean economy: Consequential policies

Elias Sanidas 서울대학교 경제연구소 2021 Seoul journal of economics Vol.34 No.4

The introduction of productivity, either in the form of a function of labor productivity or a function of wages in a linear production function (LPF), opens numerous possibilities for the correct estimation of the main parameters of capital and labor prices, as well the capital and labor shares in the national economy. The LPF is also successfully combined with the Cobb–Douglas production function to confirm the estimations of these parameters. In addition, we provide evidence as to why the wage share in the economy has been declining. Several other relations are also generated, such as the constancy of the GDP to capital ratio. Moreover, some related policies are examined regarding wages and profits.

The Role of Foreign Exchange Rates in Sub-Saharan Countries: Empirical Comparison with Non-Euro OECD Countries Using Panel Data

Elias Sanidas,Fetene Bogale Hunegnaw 서울대학교 경제연구소 2017 Seoul journal of economics Vol.30 No.2

The effect of devaluations on economies is one of the most controversial macroeconomic policies in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), both theoretically and empirically. This study uses panel data from 1995-2013 for 17 SSA countries and 17 non-Euro OECD economies. The main conclusion is that exchange rates devaluations and revaluations are an effective policy instrument in improving trade balances and boosting real output in both regions. There are some similarities in the results between the two groups of nations but also many differences, which are indicated in detail in the text. For example, regarding the estimation of trade balances directly, the income effects (own GDP and foreign GDP) and the exchange rates effect seem to be more important in the case of SSA group than in the case of the OECD group. There are also some policy implications. Thus, governments in SSA nations are encouraged to further pursue both exchange rates and monetary or fiscal policies; and as they develop their industries, they may rely more and more on floating exchange rates.

How SMEs or larger firms and industries' productivity respond to technology: a panel data study

Elias Sanidas 한국유통과학회 2017 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2017 No.-

This paper is an important and necessary extension of the recent study by Lim and Sanidas (2011) where it was rigorously shown that both types of technology positively affect firms and industries in South Korea. How is this technological impact differentiated between SMEs and larger firms? The present paper answers this question and provides policy recommendations accordingly. Following the same methodology as in the just mentioned study, we put emphasis on the role of technological innovations which consist of two components: technical innovations (TIs) and organizational innovations (OIs). We use firm based data and the econometric method of Fixed Effects(FE) to measure the relationship between OIs, TIs and productivity. In these regressions we included some standard control variables such as wage efficiency, educational level, and capital to labor ratio to accommodate for other important influences. Some industries such as electrical machinery, motor vehicles, and non-electrical machinery have become more efficient in terms of OIs and TIs and thus improved productivity considerably. The results indicate that in general the size of firms is rather neutral to the influence of technology and all other factors on productivity. Thus, overall SMEs as well as large firms behave similarly in terms of the established relationships in this paper. However some significant differences which are detected in this study still exist.

ON THE ORIGIN OF THE NEUTRAL HYDROGEN SUPERSHELLS

Elias, Federico,Silich, Sergiy,Franco, Jose The Korean Astronomical Society 2007 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.40 No.4

Here we analyze if the ionized shells associated with giant HII regions represent the progenitors of the larger neutral hydrogen supershells detected in the Milky Way and other spiral and dwarf irregular galaxies. We calculate the evolutionary tracks that 12 HII shells found by Relano et al. (2005, 2007) would have if they expanded into the interstellar medium because of multiple supernovae explosions occurring inside the cavity. We find, contrary to Relano et al. (2007), that the evolutionary tracks of these HII shells are inconsistent with the observed parameters of the largest and most massive neutral hydrogen supershells. Thus, an additional energy source to the multiple supernovae explosions is required in order to explain the origin of the most massive neutral hydrogen shells.