The use of SMA wire dampers to enhance the seismic performance of two historical Islamic minarets

El-Attar, Adel,Saleh, Ahmed,El-Habbal, Islam,Zaghw, Abdel Hamid,Osman, Ashraf Techno-Press 2008 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.4 No.2

This paper represents the final results of a research program sponsored by the European Commission through project WIND-CHIME ($\underline{W}$ide Range Non-$\underline{IN}$trusive $\underline{D}$evices toward $\underline{C}$onservation of $\underline{HI}$storical Monuments in the $\underline{ME}$diterranean Area), in which the possibility of using advanced seismic protection technologies to preserve historical monuments in the Mediterranean area is investigated. In the current research, the dynamic characteristics of two outstanding Mamluk-Style minarets, which similar minarets were reported to experience extensive damage during Dahshur 1992 earthquake, are investigated. The first minaret is the Qusun minaret (1337 A.D, 736 Hijri Date (H.D)) located in El-Suyuti cemetery on the southern side of the Salah El-Din citadel. The minaret is currently separated from the surrounding building and is directly resting on the ground (no vaults underneath). The total height of the minaret is 40.28 meters with a base rectangular shaft of about 5.42 ${\times}$ 5.20 m. The second minaret is the southern minaret of Al-Sultaniya (1340 A.D, 739 H.D). It is located about 30.0 meters from Qusun minaret, and it is now standing alone but it seems that it used to be attached to a huge unidentified structure. The style of the minaret and its size attribute it to the first half of the fourteenth century. The minaret total height is 36.69 meters and has a 4.48 ${\times}$ 4.48 m rectangular base. Field investigations were conducted to obtain: (a) geometrical description of the minarets, (b) material properties of the minarets' stones, and (c) soil conditions at the minarets' location. Ambient vibration tests were performed to determine the modal parameters of the minarets such as natural frequencies and mode shapes. A $1/16^{th}$ scale model of Qusun minaret was constructed at Cairo University Concrete Research Laboratory and tested under free vibration with and without SMA wire dampers. The contribution of SMA wire dampers to the structural damping coefficient was evaluated under different vertical loads and vibration amplitudes. Experimental results were used along with the field investigation data to develop a realistic 3-D finite element model that can be used for seismic risk evaluation of the minarets. Examining the updated finite element models under different seismic excitations indicated the vulnerability of such structures to earthquakes with medium to high a/v ratio. The use of SMA wire dampers was found feasible for reducing the seismic risk for this type of structures.

The use of SMA wire dampers to enhance the seismic performance of two historical Islamic minarets

Adel El-Attar,Ahmed Saleh,Islam El-Habbal,Abdel Hamid Zaghw,Ashraf Osman 국제구조공학회 2008 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.4 No.2

This paper represents the final results of a research program sponsored by the European Commission through project WIND-CHIME (Wide Range Non-INtrusive Devices toward Conservation of HIstorical Monuments in the MEditerranean Area), in which the possibility of using advanced seismic protection technologies to preserve historical monuments in the Mediterranean area is investigated. In the current research, the dynamic characteristics of two outstanding Mamluk-Style minarets, which similar minarets were reported to experience extensive damage during Dahshur 1992 earthquake, are investigated. The first minaret is the Qusun minaret (1337 A.D, 736 Hijri Date (H.D)) located in El-Suyuti cemetery on the southern side of the Salah El-Din citadel. The minaret is currently separated from the surrounding building and is directly resting on the ground (no vaults underneath). The total height of the minaret is 40.28 meters with a base rectangular shaft of about 5.42 × 5.20 m. The second minaret is the southern minaret of Al-Sultaniya (1340 A.D, 739 H.D). It is located about 30.0 meters from Qusun minaret, and it is now standing alone but it seems that it used to be attached to a huge unidentified structure. The style of the minaret and its size attribute it to the first half of the fourteenth century. The minaret total height is 36.69 meters and has a 4.48 × 4.48 m rectangular base. Field investigations were conducted to obtain: (a) geometrical description of the minarets, (b) material properties of the minarets’ stones, and (c) soil conditions at the minarets’ location. Ambient vibration tests were performed to determine the modal parameters of the minarets such as natural frequencies and mode shapes. A 1/16th scale model of Qusun minaret was constructed at Cairo University Concrete Research Laboratory and tested under free vibration with and without SMA wire dampers. The contribution of SMA wire dampers to the structural damping coefficient was evaluated under different vertical loads and vibration amplitudes. Experimental results were used along with the field investigation data to develop a realistic 3-D finite element model that can be used for seismic risk evaluation of the minarets. Examining the updated finite element models under different seismic excitations indicated the vulnerability of such structures to earthquakes with medium to high a/v ratio. The use of SMA wire dampers was found feasible for reducing the seismic risk for this type of structures.

Metal Complexes of Enrofloxacin Part I: Preparation, Spectroscopic, Thermal Analyses Studies and Antimicrobial Evaluation

El-Shwiniy, Walaa H.,El-Attar, Mohamed S.,Sadeek, Sadeek A. Korean Chemical Society 2013 대한화학회지 Vol.57 No.1

The interaction of titanium (IV), yttrium (III), zirconium (IV), palladium (II) and cerium (IV) with deprotonated enrofloxacin leads to the formation of the neutral or cationic mononuclear complexes. The isolated solid complexes have been characterized with physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques and thermogravimeteric analyses. The spectroscopic data indicate that the enrofloxacin ligand is on the deprotonated mode acting as bidentate ligand coordinated to the metal ions through the ketone oxygen and a carboxylato oxygen and the metal ions completed the coordination number with water molecules. The thermal decomposition mechanisms proposed for enrofloxacin and their metal complexes were discussed. The activation energies, $E^*$, enthalpies, ${\Delta}H^*$, entropies, ${\Delta}S^*$ and Gibbs free energies, ${\Delta}G^*$, of the thermal decomposition reactions have been derived from thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curves, using Coats-Redfern (CR) and Horowitz-Metzeger (HM) methods. The antimicrobial activity has been evaluated against six different microorganisms.

Memory response in elasto-thermoelectric spherical cavity

El-Attar, Sayed I.,Hendy, Mohamed H.,Ezzat, Magdy A. Techno-Press 2020 Coupled systems mechanics Vol.9 No.4

A mathematical model of electro-thermoelasticity subjected to memory-dependent derivative (MDD) heat conduction law is applied to a one-dimensional problem of a thermoelectric spherical cavity exposed to a warm stun that is an element of time in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. Utilizing Laplace transform as an instrument, the issue has been fathomed logically within the changed space. Numerical inversion of the Laplace transform is carried for the considered distributions and represented graphically. Some comparisons are shown in the figures to estimate the effects of MDD parameters and thermoelectric properties on the behavior of all considered fields.

Modulatory effect of Syzygium aromaticum and Pelargonium graveolens on oxidative and sodium nitroprusside stress and inflammation

Ilias Marmouzi,El Mostafa Karym,Rachid Alami,Meryem El Jemli,Mourad Kharbach,Fouzia Mamouch,Aisha Attar,Bouchra Faridi,Yahia Cherrah,My El Abbes Faouzi 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2019 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.19 No.2

Therapy combination is known for less side effects and higher efficacy. Essential oils (EOs) and mixture from two wellknown plants (Syzygium aromaticum and Pelargonium graveolens) were tested for in vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The chemical analysis of the investigated Oils has lead to the identification of Eugenol (74.06%), Caryophyllene (11.52%) and Carvacrol acetate (7.82%) as the major element in S. aromaticum; while P. graveolens was much higher in Citronellol (30.77%), 10-epi-γ-Eudesmol (22.59%), and Geraniol (13.95%). In our pharmacological screening, both EOs demonstrated good antioxidant effects; especially S. aromaticum activity was much higher. In contrast, the in vivo investigation of the antioxidant activity using antioxidant enzymes (MDA, SOD and CAT) in the protozoa model (Tetrahemena pyriformis) demonstrated a higher protective effect of P. graveolens and EOs mixture. On the other hand, EOs demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect on the two phases of inflammation in the carrageenan induced edema model. Results from this study indicate that EOs from S. aromaticum and P. Graveolens can be used as a multitarget therapy.

Effect of Lateral Diffusion on Hydrogen Permeation Measurement in Thick Steel Specimens

( A. Traidia ),( A. M. El-sherik ),( H. Attar ),( A. Enezi ) 한국부식방식학회(구 한국부식학회) 2017 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.16 No.4

A finite element analysis is proposed to study the effect of specimen dimensions on lateral diffusion of hydrogen during hydrogen permeation flux measurements. The error of measurement on thick specimens because of 1D diffusion approximation may be as much as 70%. A critical condition for accurate measurements is to designate the area of hydrogen monitoring/exit surface smaller than the area of hydrogen charging/entry surface. For thin to medium thickness specimens (ratio of thickness to specimen radius of 5:10 and below), the charging surface should be maximized and the monitoring surface should be minimized. In case of relatively thick specimens (ratio of thickness to specimen radius above of 5:10), use of a hydrogen-diffusion barrier on the specimen boundaries is recommended. It would completely eliminate lateral losses of hydrogen, but cannot eliminate the deviation towards 2D diffusion near the side edges. In such a case, the charging surface should be maximized and the monitoring surface should be as closer in dimension as the charging surface. A regression analysis was carried out and an analytical relationship between the maximum measurement error and the specimen dimensions is proposed.

Plasma-assisted in-situ preparation of silver nanoparticles and polypyrrole toward superhydrophobic, antimicrobial and electrically conductive nonwoven fabrics from recycled polyester waste

Amal T. Mogharbel,Saham F. Ibarhiam,Alaa M. Alqahtani,Roba M.S. Attar,Khaled F. Alshammari,Majid A. Bamaga,Salhah D. Al-Qahtani,Nashwa M. El-Metwaly 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.127 No.-

The preparation of multifunctional polyester fabric has been recently attractive research. Herein, a compositefilm of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and polypyrrole (Ppyr) were prepared and incorporated in situinto plasma-pretreated polyesters using the pad-dry-cure procedure of silver nitrate and pyrrole intopolyester to provide a multifunctional textile. Recycled polyester waste was shredded and melt-spunto provide nonwoven fabric. Polypyrrole was generated in situ via REDOX polymerization process of pyrrole. This polymerization process was accompanied with reduction of Ag+ to Ag0 NPs, leading to permanentinsoluble property within the structure of the polyester fibers. Thus, high colorfastness wasmonitored without varying the comfort features of the finished polyesters. The produced polypyrroleacted an electrically conductive agent, whereas silver nitrate functioned as an antmicrobial agent. By curingwith hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS), the superhydrophobic properties were imparted to polyesterfabrics. The morphological studies were explored by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX),transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanningelectron microscope (SEM). The bend length and air-permeability of the finished polyesters were investigatedto assess their comfort characteristics. The antibacterial behavior to S. aureus and E. coli wereexamined. Additionally, the finished fabrics showed ultraviolet shielding and electrical conductivity.

Aggressive Treatment of Performance Status 1 and 2 HCC Patients Significantly Improves Survival - an Egyptian Retrospective Cohort Study of 524 Cases

Aziz, Ashraf Omar Abdel,Omran, Dalia,Nabeel, Mohamed Mahmoud,Elbaz, Tamer Mahmoud,Abdelmaksoud, Ahmed Hosni,Attar, Inas El,Shousha, Hend Ibrahim Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.5

Background: In the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) system, only sorafenib is suggested for HCC patients having performance status (PS) 1 or 2 even if they have treatable lesions. In the current study, we aimed to explore the outcome of using aggressive treatment for HCC patients with PS 1 and 2. Materials and Methods: Five hundred and twenty four patients with HCC were enrolled in this study and divided into 2 groups: 404 PS 1 and 120 PS 2. Of the included 524 patients, 136 recceived non-aggressive supportive treatment and sorafenib, while 388 patients were offered aggressive treatment in the form of surgical resection, transplantation, percutaneous ablation, trans-arterial chemoembolization and/or chemoperfusion. All the patients were followed up for a period of 2 years to determine their survival. Results: Most HCC patients were CHILD A and B grades (89.4% versus 85.0%, for PS1 and PS2, respectively). Patients with PS1 were significantly younger. Out of the enrolled 524 patients, 388 were offered aggressive treatment, 253 (65.2%) having their lesions fully ablated, 94 (24.2%) undergoing partial ablation and 41 patients with no ablation (10.6%). The median survival of the patients with PS 1 who were offered aggressive treatment was 20 months versus 9 months only for those who were offered supportive treatment and sorafenib (p<0.001). Regarding HCC patients with PS 2, the median survivals were similarly 19.7 months versus 8.7 months only (p<0.001). Conclusions: Aggressive treatment of HCC patients with PS 1 and 2 significantly improves their survival. Revising the BCLC guidelines regarding such patients is recommended.