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Structure of Full-Length SMC and Rearrangements Required for Chromosome Organization
Diebold-Durand, Marie-Laure,Lee, Hansol,Ruiz Avila, Laura B.,Noh, Haemin,Shin, Ho-Chul,Im, Haeri,Bock, Florian P.,Bü,rmann, Frank,Durand, Alexandre,Basfeld, Alrun,Ham, Sihyun,Basquin, Jé,r&o Cell Press 2017 Molecular cell Vol.67 No.2
<▼1><P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Multi-subunit SMC complexes control chromosome superstructure and promote chromosome disjunction, conceivably by actively translocating along DNA double helices. SMC subunits comprise an ABC ATPase “head” and a “hinge” dimerization domain connected by a 49 nm coiled-coil “arm.” The heads undergo ATP-dependent engagement and disengagement to drive SMC action on the chromosome. Here, we elucidate the architecture of prokaryotic Smc dimers by high-throughput cysteine cross-linking and crystallography. Co-alignment of the Smc arms tightly closes the interarm space and misaligns the Smc head domains at the end of the rod by close apposition of their ABC signature motifs. Sandwiching of ATP molecules between Smc heads requires them to substantially tilt and translate relative to each other, thereby opening up the Smc arms. We show that this mechanochemical gating reaction regulates chromosome targeting and propose a mechanism for DNA translocation based on the merging of DNA loops upon closure of Smc arms.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>•<P>Crystallography and in vivo cross-linking reveal the architecture of prokaryotic Smc</P>•<P>Juxtaposition of the Smc arms misaligns the two Smc ATPase domains</P>•<P>Smc head engagement mechanically opens an interarm space</P>•<P>A model for DNA loop extrusion driven by the SMC ATPase cycle is presented</P></P></▼2><▼3><P>By combining high-throughput in vivo cysteine cross-linking and crystallography, Diebold-Durand et al. construct a high-resolution model of full-length prokaryotic Smc. It reveals that the rod-shaped Smc dimer lacks chambers for DNA and features misaligned head domains. Smc head engagement mechanically opens an interarm space.</P></▼3>
Mindfulness-based Practices in Workers to Address Mental Health Conditions: A Systematic Review
Durand-Moreau Quentin,Jackson Tanya,Deibert Danika,Els Charl,Kung Janice Y.,Straube Sebastian 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2023 Safety and health at work Vol.14 No.3
The effectiveness of mindfulness techniques in addressing mental health conditions in workers is uncertain. However, it could represent a therapeutic tool for workers presenting with such conditions. Our objective was to assess the effects of mindfulness-based practices for workers diagnosed with mental health conditions. We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Participants included were workers with a mental health condition. Interventions included any mindfulness technique, compared to any nonmindfulness interventions. Outcomes were scores on validated psychiatric rating scales. A total of 4,407 records were screened; 202 were included for full-text analysis; 2 studies were included. The first study (Finnes et al., 2017) used Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) associated or not with Workplace Dialogue Intervention (WDI), compared to treatment as usual. At 9 months follow-up, for the ACT group, depression scores improved marginally (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -0.06, p = 0.021), but anxiety scores were worse (SMD: 0.15, p ¼ 0.036). Changes in mental health outcomes were not statistically significant for the ACT + WDI group. In the second study (Grensman et al., 2018), no statistically significant change in mental health scales has been observed after completion of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy compared to cognitive behavioral therapy. Substantial heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis. This systematic review did not find evidence that mindfulness-based practices provide a durable and substantial improvement of mental health outcomes in workers diagnosed with mental health conditions.
Women Coaches’ Experiences of Stress and Self-Regulation
Natalie Durand-Bush,Jamie Collins,Kylie McNeill 한국코칭능력개발원 2012 International Journal of Coaching Science Vol.6 No.2
Research exploring stress among sport coaches is scarce and although coaches experience a broad array of stressors, little is known about how they effectively cope with them (Levy, Nicholls, Marchant, & Polman, 2009). The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore eight women coaches’ experiences of stress and self-regulation and examine if self-regulation strategies helped them to manage daily demands and cope with stress. A secondary aim was to explore the coaches’ perceptions of the impact of stress and self-regulation on their well-being, burnout, and coaching effectiveness. The eight women coaches working within competitive development or high performance coaching contexts participated in an open-ended, semi-structured 90 minute interview guided by Smith’s (1986) model of stress and burnout and Zimmerman’s (2000) model of self-regulation. Results of the structured content analysis indicated that the coaches faced various internal and external demands in their coaching and personal life that led them to experience stress when these demands outweighed their internal and external resources. The coaches also reported using several types of self-regulation strategies not only to prepare to meet and manage their daily demands and expectations but also to cope with stressful situations. Six coaches discussed experiencing burnout at least once in their career and each coach reported that they could benefit from developing their self-regulation capacity to enhance their well-being and coaching effectiveness, particularly during times of stress. Implications for future research and the development of self-regulation interventions for women in coaching are discussed.
( Sulkowski M ),( Durand F ),( Reddy Kr ),( Lawitz E ),( Bourlière M ),( Cheinquer N ),( Scherbakovsky S ),( Chokkalingam A ),( Ni L ),( Gaggar A ),( Colombo M ),( Kyung Min K ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: The major metabolite of sofosbuvir (SOF), GS-331007, is cleared renally and tends to accumulate in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there are a substantial amount of data showing that this accumulation is not clinically significant, even in patients with end stage renal disease. Methods: This retrospective analysis of 37 Phase 2 and 38 Phase 3 studies presents the safety profile of SOF-based therapies (LDV/SOF, SOF/VEL and SOF/VEL/VOX) in patients with mild to moderate CKD as well as in patients with normal renal function. Results: 8,181 patients were included in this analysis. Mean baseline eGFR was 118.2, 69.3, and 43.6 mL/min/1.73m2 for patients with normal renal function (n=6575), mild (n=1499), or moderate (n=107) renal impairment, respectively. The mean eGFR at post-treatment follow-up week 4 was 114.4, 69.9, and 46.3 mL/min/1.73m2 for patients with normal renal function (n=5519), mild (n=1285), or moderate (n=90) renal impairment, respectively. When comparing baseline levels with those of post-treatment follow-up week 4, there was no clinical difference observed. Baseline characteristics were generally similar across groups, except patients with impaired renal function were older. Table 1 provides a summary of adverse events (AEs). Rates of Grade 3-4 AEs and discontinuations due to AEs were similar across groups. Patients with moderate renal impairment had higher rates of SAEs but most were not treatment-related. Conclusions: Sofosbuvir-based regimens were safe and well-tolerated in patients with mild or moderate renal impairment. Renal function remained stable throughout treatment, and similar rates of AEs were observed across all treatment groups.
The roles of coaches in optimizing team functioning in curling
Jamie Collins,Natalie Durand-Bush 한국코칭능력개발원 2016 International Journal of Coaching Science Vol.10 No.2
Coaches have been described as teachers, leaders, motivators, managers, and arbitrators (Giges, Petitpas, & Vemacchia, 2004). That said, how coaches fulfill such roles is not well understood. The current study stems from an extensive grounded theory (Charmaz, 2006) research initiative in which factors and strategies contributing to optimal functioning in high performance curling teams were investigated. The purpose of this study was to uncover the various roles of curling coaches in the process of developing high functioning teams based on the perceptions of both coaches and athletes. Participants were members of 19 high performance curling teams (N=78 athletes) and their coaches (N=10). Data were collected from teams of athletes through face-to-face focus group interviews, and from coaches via individual telephone interviews. Results show that coaches played five primary roles: technical/tactical specialist, mediator, manager, facilitator, and motivator. These roles were dependent on athletes’ needs as well as both coaches and athletes’ personal characteristics and competencies. Coaches and athletes’ perceptions regarding these roles sometimes differed, however, both parties reported that coaches sometimes lacked competencies to perform certain roles. Consequently, specific training should be provided to enable coaches to assist athletes in optimizing team functioning in curling.
Dental biomaterials for chairside CAD/CAM: State of the art
Hugo Lambert,Jean-Cédric Durand,Bruno Jacquot,Michel Fages 대한치과보철학회 2017 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.9 No.6
The wide use of chairside CAD/CAM restorations has increased the diversity of the restorative material. For the practitioner, the selection of the appropriate material is difficult amongst the variety offered by the market. Information on the characteristics of the products can be difficult to assess due to the lack of up-to-date classification and the lack of reliability of manufacturer’s advertising. The purpose of this article is to structure the data on restorative materials provided by various sources in order for the practitioner to choose the product mostsuited to the clinical situation. The objective is to classify chairside CAD/CAM materials and to define their characteristics and indications.