Detection of small for gestational age in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes by Hadlock versus the Fetal Medicine Foundation growth charts

Jose Duncan,Karla Leavitt,Kristin Duncan,Gustavo Vilchez 대한산부인과학회 2021 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.64 No.3

ObjectiveThe primary outcome was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of neonatal small for gestational age (SGA) by theHadlock and Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) charts in our cohort, followed by the ability to predict composite severeneonatal outcomes (SNO) in pregnancies with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM). MethodsThis study was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of pregnancies with PPROM from 2015 to 2018, from23 to 36 completed weeks of gestation. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for theprimary and secondary outcomes of the Hadlock and FMF fetal charts were calculated. The discriminatory ability ofeach chart was compared using the area under the receiver’s operating curves of clinical characteristics. ResultsOf the 106 women who met the inclusion criteria, 48 (45%) were screened positive using the FMF fetal growth chartand 22 (21%) were screened positive using the Hadlock chart. SGA was diagnosed in 12 infants (11%). Both fetalgrowth charts had comparable diagnostic accuracies and were statistically significant predictors of SGA (Hadlock: areaunder the receiver operating characteristic curves [AUC], 0.76, risk ratio [RR], 7.6, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5-23;and FMF: AUC, 0.76 RR, 13.3 95%CI 1.8-99.3). Both growth standards were poor predictors of SNO. ConclusionThe Hadlock and FMF fetal growth charts have a similar accuracy to predict SGA in pregnancies complicated byPPROM. The FMF fetal growth chart may result in a 2-fold increase in positive screens, potentially increasing fetalsurveillance.

From Poverty to Power

던컨 글린(Duncan Green) 한국빈곤문제연구소 2014 빈곤없는세상 연구보고서 Vol.2014 No.-

던컨 글린은 2008년 같은 제목으로 이 책을 출간하였다(우리말로 번역됨). 빈민들은 조직화를 통하여 권력을 확보하고, 활발한 시민들과 적극적 정부의 역할이라는 3두 체제의 구축이 빈곤감축방안이라고 설득력 있게 설명한다. 이자료는 2012년 개정판으로 그 내용이 중요하여 참고용 연구보고서로 등재한다. Duncan Green, author of From Poverty to Power and the high-quality blog by the same name, was for many years senior strategic advisor to Oxfam UK. Oxfam is one of the most prestigious NGOs fighting poverty on a global scale and stands out by its particular focus on enhancing and expanding the power of the poor. Although Green makes it clear that he is not writing as the official voice of Oxfam, this focus on power can naturally be found is his book. Many different aspects of the fight against poverty are addressed, but there is continual emphasis on the idea that poverty is much more than low income: it is a sense of powerlessness, exhaustion, and exclusion from decision-making. Green rejects the idea that poor people should be passive recipients of charity. Rather, priority is given to helping poor people build up their power. From this perspective, the author sees effective states and active citizens (citizens exercising their full range of political, civil, and social rights) as playing a crucial role in bringing about genuine human development. Many examples are provided of local communities who – sometimes with Oxfam’s help – have managed to escape poverty through fighting for their rights. But the role of private companies (called “the third pillar” in the book) is not neglected. A healthy private sector is deemed essential in the fight against poverty, and Green admits that harnessing the dynamism of the private sector can trigger extraordinary development. His stance towards businesses is to challenge them in a respectful and cooperative but firm way, which is pretty much Oxfam’s position as well (for example, the organization performed an analysis of Unilever’s poverty footprint in Indonesia and launched a stimulating “Behind the Brands” campaign)

Things Fall Apart? Thailand’s Post-Colonial Politics

Duncan McCargo 부산외국어대학교 아세안연구원 2017 Suvannabhumi Vol.9 No.1

This paper argues that Thailand’s internal colonial model is facing severe challenges: no longer is it so possible to suppress local and regional identities, or to submerge ethnic difference in an all-embracing but potentially suffocating blanket of “Thainess.” In recent decades, Thailand’s diverse localities have become increasingly assertive. This is most acutely the case in the insurgency-affected southern border provinces of Pattani, Yala, and Narathiwat, but also applies in the “red’ (pro-Thaksin) dominated North and Northeast. As the old ruling elite faces serious legitimacy challenges, Thailand’s emerging post-colonial politics may require a radical rethinking of the relationship between center and periphery.

Anodisation Increases Integration of Unloaded Titanium Implants in Sheep Mandible.

Duncan, Warwick J,Lee, Min-Ho,Bae, Tae-Sung,Lee, Sook-Jeong,Gay, Jennifer,Loch, Carolina Hindawi Pub. Corp 2015 BioMed research international Vol.2015 No.-

<P>Spark discharge anodic oxidation forms porous TiO2 films on titanium implant surfaces. This increases surface roughness and concentration of calcium and phosphate ions and may enhance early osseointegration. To test this, forty 3.75???mm ?? 13???mm titanium implants (Megagen, Korea) were placed into healed mandibular postextraction ridges of 10 sheep. There were 10 implants per group: RBM surface (control), RBM + anodised, RBM + anodised + fluoride, and titanium alloy + anodised surface. Resonant frequency analysis (RFA) was measured in implant stability quotient (ISQ) at surgery and at sacrifice after 1-month unloaded healing. Mean bone-implant contact (% BIC) was measured in undemineralised ground sections for the best three consecutive threads. One of 40 implants showed evidence of failure. RFA differed between groups at surgery but not after 1 month. RFA values increased nonsignificantly for all implants after 1 month, except for controls. There was a marked difference in BIC after 1-month healing, with higher values for alloy implants, followed by anodised + fluoride and anodised implants. Anodisation increased early osseointegration of rough-surfaced implants by 50-80%. RFA testing lacked sufficient resolution to detect this improvement. Whether this gain in early bone-implant contact is clinically significant is the subject of future experiments.</P>

Sexual Sites, Seminal Attitudes

DUNCAN, Patti Ewha Womans University Press 2004 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.10 No.4

How Change Happens: Access to Medications in Thailand

Duncan Green 연세대학교 빈곤문제국제개발연구원 2011 Journal of Poverty Alleviation and International D Vol.2 No.2

Many actors in the development world are paying increasing attention to the so-called ‘theories of change’. Whether in programming or advocacy, this approach seeks to analyze various power relations and possibilities urrounding any given change process, as well as the assumptions employed by this analysis. This paper applies Oxfam’s thinking on change to a particular influence-wielding exercise – the long-running campaign to improve access to medications in Thailand.

Clinical Update in Aspects of the Management of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

Duncan J. Topliss 대한내분비학회 2016 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.31 No.4

Aspects of autoimmune thyroid disease updated in this review include: immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related thyroid disease (Riedel’sthyroiditis, fibrosing variant of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, IgG4-related Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and Graves’ disease with elevatedIgG4 levels); recent epidemiological studies from China and Denmark indicating that excess iodine increases the incidence of Hashimoto’sthyroiditis and hypothyroidism; immunomodulatory agents (ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab) activate immune responseby inhibiting T-cell surface receptors which down-regulate immune response, i.e., cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and programmedcell death protein 1 pathways; alemtuzumab is a humanised monoclonal antibody to CD52 which causes immune depletionand thyroid autoimmune disease especially Graves’ hyperthyroidism; small molecule ligand (SML) agonists which activate receptors,SML neutral antagonists, which inhibit receptor activation by agonists, and SML inverse agonists which inhibit receptor activationby agonists and inhibit constitutive agonist independent signaling have been identified. SML antagonism of thyroid-stimulatinghormone-receptor stimulatory antibody could treat Graves’ hyperthyroidism and Graves’ ophthalmopathy; and thyroxinetreatment of subclinical hypothyroidism can produce iatrogenic subclinical hyperthyroidism with the risk of atrial fibrillation and osteoporosis. The increased risk of harm from subclinical hyperthyroidism may be stronger than the potential benefit from treatment ofsubclinical hypothyroidism.

The impact of transpacific transport of mineral dust in the United States

Duncan Fairlie, T.,Jacob, D.J.,Park, R.J. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2007 Atmospheric environment Vol.41 No.6

We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to estimate the impact of transpacific transport of mineral dust on aerosol concentrations in North America during 2001. We have implemented two dust mobilization schemes in the model (GOCART and DEAD) and find that the best simulation of North American surface observations with GEOS-Chem is achieved by combining the topographic source used in GOCART with the entrainment scheme used in DEAD. This combination restricts dust emissions to year-round arid areas but includes a significant wind threshold for dust mobilization. The model captures the magnitude and seasonal cycle of observed surface dust concentrations over the northern Pacific. It simulates the free tropospheric outflow of dust from Asia observed in the TRACE-P and ACE-Asia aircraft campaigns of spring 2001. It reproduces the timing and distribution of Asian dust outbreaks in North America during April-May. Beyond these outbreaks we find persistent Asian fine dust (averaging 1.2μgm<SUP>-3</SUP>) in surface air over the western United States in spring, with much weaker influence (0.25μgm<SUP>-3</SUP>) in summer and fall. Asian influence over the eastern United States is 30-50% lower. We find that transpacific sources accounted for 41% of the worst dust days in the western United States in 2001.

Wreck/Conciliation? The Politics of Truth Commissions in Thailand

Duncan McCargo,Naruemon Thabchumpon 동아시아연구원 2014 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.14 No.3

More than ninety people died in political violence linked to the March–May 2010 “redshirt” protests in Bangkok. The work of the government-appointed Truth for Reconciliation Commission of Thailand (TRCT) illustrates the potential shortcomings of seeing quasi-judicial commissions as a catch-all solution for societies struggling to deal with the truth about their recent pasts. The 2012 TRCT report was widely criticized for blaming too much of the violence on the actions of rogue elements of the demonstrators and failing to focus tightly on the obvious legal transgressions of the security forces. By failing strongly to criticize the role of the military in most of the fatal shootings, the TRCT arguably helped pave the way for the 2014 coup. Truth commissions that are unable to produce convincing explanations of the facts they examine may actually prove counterproductive. Following Quinn and Wilson, we argue in this article that weak truth commissions are prone to politicization and are likely to produce disappointing outcomes, which may even be counterproductive.

Transducin-like enhancer of split-6 (TLE6) is a substrate of protein kinase A activity during mouse oocyte maturation.

Duncan, Francesca E,Padilla-Banks, Elizabeth,Bernhardt, Miranda L,Ord, Teri S,Jefferson, Wendy N,Moss, Stuart B,Williams, Carmen J Society for the Study of Reproduction [etc.] 2014 BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION Vol.90 No.3

<P>Fully grown oocytes in the ovary are arrested at prophase of meiosis I because of high levels of intraoocyte cAMP that maintain increased levels of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity. Following the luteinizing hormone surge at the time of ovulation, cAMP levels drop, resulting in a reduction in PKA activity that triggers meiotic resumption. Although much is known about the molecular mechanisms of how PKA activity fluctuations initiate the oocyte's reentry into meiosis, significantly less is known about the requirement for PKA activity in the oocyte after exit from the prophase I arrest. Here we show that although PKA activity decreases in the oocyte upon meiotic resumption, it increases throughout meiotic progression from the time of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) until the metaphase II (MII) arrest. Blocking this meiotic maturation-associated increase in PKA activity using the pharmacological inhibitor H89 resulted in altered kinetics of GVBD, defects in chromatin and spindle dynamics, and decreased ability of oocytes to reach MII. These effects appear to be largely PKA specific because inhibitors targeting other kinases did not have the same outcomes. To determine potential proteins that may require PKA phosphorylation during meiosis, we separated oocyte protein extracts on an SDS-PAGE gel, extracted regions of the gel that had corresponding immune reactivity towards an anti-PKA substrate antibody, and performed mass spectrometry and microsequencing. Using this approach, we identified transducin-like enhancer of split-6 (TLE6)-a maternal effect gene that is part of the subcortical maternal complex-as a putative PKA substrate. TLE6 localized to the oocyte cortex throughout meiosis in a manner that is spatially and temporally consistent with the localization of critical PKA subunits. Moreover, we demonstrated that TLE6 becomes phosphorylated in a narrow window following meiotic resumption, and H89 treatment can completely block this phosphorylation when added prior to GVBD but not after. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of oocyte-intrinsic PKA in regulating meiotic progression after the prophase I arrest and offer new insights into downstream targets of its activity.</P>