방한 중국인들의 의료관광동기가 만족도 및 재방문의도에 미치는 영향 - 대구광역시를 중심으로 -

적반반 ( Pan Pan Di ),홍경완 ( Kyung Wan Hong ) 대한관광경영학회 2015 觀光硏究 Vol.30 No.3

의료기술의 발달로 인간의 수명이 늘어나면서 건강한 삶에 대한 욕구가 커지자, 웰빙과 로하스의 바람을 타고 ‘건강하게 잘 먹고 잘 살자’는 인식이 확산되기 시작하였고, 현재는 하나의 문화코드로 자리 잡게 되었다· 이러한 시대적 흐름의 변화에 따라 관광산업에 있어서도 관광과 건강을 접목한 상품이 나타나기 시작했고, 초기단계에서는 헬스 투어리즘의 개념으로 다루어 졌다· 하지만 이제 단순한 헬스 케어의 범위를 넘어서 질병의 치료에서부터 건강과 휴양프로그램을 포함하는 폭넓은 의미의 건강치료를 위해 다른 장소를 방문하고 여행하는 의료관광의 개념으로 발달하였다· 이러한 트렌드에 발 맞추어 본 연구에서는 대구광역시를 찾는 중국인 관광객들의 의료관광동기를 조사하였다· 구체적으로 의료관광동기가 전반적 만족과 재방문의도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였으며, 또한 전반적 만족이 재방문의도에 미치는 영향도 조사하였다· 표본추출은 대구 의료병원에서 일하는 중국 직원을 통해 대구 지역에 있는 방문율이 높은 병원 10곳과 중국의 여행사 3곳을 통하여 의료관광 완료 후 귀가하는 중국 의료관광객을 대상으로 중국어 설문지 총 200부를 배부하여 조사하였다· 조사결과 의료관광동기는 총 2요인(문화체험, 의료건강)으로 나타났으며, 2요인 모두 전반적 만족과 재방문 의도에 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다· 문화체험요인이 전반적 만족에 미치는 영향이 의료건강보다 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 반면에 의료건강요인은 재방문의도에 문화적 체험보다 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다· 이와 같은 연구결과를 바탕으로 대구중심권 병원들은 의료를 중심으로 주변 대구관광권의 패키지화, 그리고 경증환자를 위한 맞춤형 의료서비스를 도입하여야 할 것이다· The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between medical tourism motivation, satisfaction and the revisit intention of Chinese visitors. In this study, the theories of medical tourism motivation and satisfaction have been adopted to explain Chinese visitors’ revisit intention. In order to collect the data needed for this study, an on-site questionnaire was developed. Chinese and Korean language versions of the questionnaire were prepared. A systematic sample of subjects was obtained from Chinese visitors who have been to Korea. Data were collected through on-site surveys by face-to-face interviews conducted over 15 days in 2014. Three hypotheses were examined to represent the relationships between medical tourism motivation, satisfaction and revisit intention. The proposed hypotheses suggested that there are significant and positive relationships between medical tourism motivation, satisfaction and revisit intention. A statically significant and positive relationship between medical tourism motivation and satisfaction suggested that motivation influences the level of the visitor’s satisfaction. At the same time, motivation influences the level of revisit intention. The result suggested that medical tourism motivation played an important role in the process of making satisfaction judgments. The findings of this study offer several managerial implications for Korean directors who make policy related to medical tourism. For example, the results of the evaluation can be used as background for allocating budgets and other management resources.

Fractional polynomial function in stochastic response surface method for reliability analysis

Di Zhou,Ershun Pan,Yimin Zhang 대한기계학회 2021 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.35 No.1

The explicit polynomial function can replace the actual limit state function for failure probability. In this study, the fractional order is introduced to an extended family of polynomial functions to guarantee a smooth relationship between the sample data and polynomial expression. The fractional polynomial method is proposed to establish the function and analyze the system’s reliability accurately and flexibly. Integer, fractional, positive, and negative orders are considered. The scope of orders, constraint conditions, and sampling method are investigated under different conditions of the proposed method. Furthermore, the calculation process for the fractional polynomial method when the approach is applied to a multivariable system is examined, and engineering examples are provided to illustrate the application of the proposed method. The fractional polynomial function can describe system performance and reliability with few terms and high accuracy. The results calculated by the proposed method agree with those from Monte Carlo simulation.

Transient Behavior of Impinging Spray and Film on Cold Surface

( Hujie Pan ),( Di Xiao ),( Min Xu ),( David Hung ),( Xue Dong ) 한국액체미립화학회 2017 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.-

With the increasingly stringent emission regulations, it has become particularly important to reduce engine emissions, especially the soot. Soot emissions under engine cold start conditions are higher than that under warmed up conditions. It has been found that the wall wetting phenomenon of impinging spray affected the formation of soot in the engine cylinder. Meanwhile, previous experimental investigations have shown that the fuel film mass increased with the decrease of the plate temperature while the study of transient behavior of the fuel film is still limited. In this study, simultaneous measurements of macroscopic structure (side view) and its corresponding footprint (bottom view) of impinging spray was conducted using a single-hole, prototype injector in a constant volume chamber. A thermal bath was used to control the temperature of impinging plate with a custom-designed heat exchanger. The macroscopic spray structure was captured by high-speed Mie-scattering imaging and the film was obtained using Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) under different conditions. It was found that upon impingement, the radial penetration of the moving spray is longer than that of the film deposited on the surface. Moreover, the film developing process can be separated into 3 stages based on the spreading speed and it is dominated by the viscosity of the fuel due to the small thickness and low Reynolds number of the film flow. In that case, a colder plate slows down the movement of the fuel film, resulting in shorter radial penetration. During the spreading process, wavy structure is found and it moves over the existing boundary to extend to the whole film.

A Virtual Spring Method for the Multi-robot Path Planning and Formation Control

Zhenhua Pan,Di Wang,Hongbin Deng,Kewei Li 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.5

Path planning is a challenging and critical issue in robotics, which involves computing a collision-freepath between initial and target. The formation control ensures the robots’ collaborative working. To address thesetwo problems, an efficient virtual spring method for multi-robot path planning and formation control is proposed,and the interaction dynamic model is established to describe both logical and physical topology of the network. Based on the network model, the virtual spring method control law is designed, and aiming at the non-reachableand local minima problems, the virtual target search method is proposed. The robots can calculate an optimal pathto the target in the predefined formation based on the control law and the virtual target search method. Finally, aseries of simulation results confirm that the approaches proposed in this paper are feasible and efficient in the pathplanning and formation control for the multi-robot systems.

QUANTIFYING DARK GAS

LI, DI,XU, DUO,HEILES, CARL,PAN, ZHICHEN,TANG, NINGYU The Korean Astronomical Society 2015 天文學論叢 Vol.30 No.2

A growing body of evidence has been supporting the existence of so-called "dark molecular gas" (DMG), which is invisible in the most common tracer of molecular gas, i.e., CO rotational emission. DMG is believed to be the main gas component of the intermediate extinction region from Av~0.05-2, roughly corresponding to the self-shielding threshold of $H_2$ and $^{13}CO$. To quantify DMG relative to $H{\small{I}}$ and CO, we are pursuing three observational techniques; $H{\small{I}}$ self-absorption, OH absorption, and THz $C^+$ emission. In this paper, we focus on preliminary results from a CO and OH absorption survey of DMG candidates. Our analysis shows that the OH excitation temperature is close to that of the Galactic continuum background and that OH is a good DMG tracer co-existing with molecular hydrogen in regions without CO. Through systematic "absorption mapping" by the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) and ALMA, we will have unprecedented, comprehensive knowledge of the ISM components including DMG in terms of their temperature and density, which will impact our understanding of galaxy evolution and star formation profoundly.

Analysis the role of arabidopsis CKRC6/ASA1 in auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis

Dong-Wei Di,Lei Wu,Pan Luo,Li Zhang,Tian-Zi Zhang,Xue Sun,Shao-Dong Wei,Chen-Wei An,Guang-Qin Guo 한국식물학회 2016 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.59 No.2

The crosstalk between auxin and cytokinin (CK) is important for plant growth and development, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of a mutant of Arabidopsis Cytokinin-induced Root Curling 6 (CKRC6), an allele of ANTHRANILATE SYNTHASE ALPHA SUBUNIT 1 (ASA1) that encodes the á-subunit of AS in tryptophan (Trp) biosynthesis. The ckrc6 mutant exhibits root gravitropic defects and insensitivity to both CK and the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylicacid (ACC) in primary root growth. These defects can be rescued by exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or tryptophan (Trp) supplementation. Furthermore, our results suggest that the ckrc6 mutant has decreased IAA content, differential expression patterns of auxin biosynthesis genes and CK biosynthesis isopentenyl transferase (IPT) genes in comparison to wild type. Collectively, our study shows that auxin controls CK biosynthesis based on that CK sensitivity is altered in most auxin-resistant mutants and that CKs promote auxin biosynthesis but inhibit auxin transport and response. Our results also suggest that CKRC6/ASA1 may be located at an intersection of auxin, CK and ethylene metabolism and/or signaling.

Immunosuppressive Effects of New Cyclolanostane Triterpene Diglycosides from the Aerial Part of Cimicifuga foetida

Rui-Le Pan,Di-Hua Chen,Jian-Yong Si,Xiao-Hong Zhao,Zhan Li,Li Cao 대한약학회 2009 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.32 No.2

Two new cyclolanostane diglycosides, cimifoetiside A (1) and cimifoetiside B (2), were isolated from an 80% ethanolic extract of the aerial part of Cimicifuga foetida L. (Ranuculaceae). Using spectral data and chemical analysis, the structures of 1 and 2 were identified as (23R, 24S) cimicigenol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1"→3')-β-D-xylopyranoside and (23R, 24S) cimicigenol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1"→2')-β-D-xylopyranoside, respectively. The in vitro immunosuppressive effects of the two new compounds 1 and 2, as well as four other known cyclolanostane saponins 3-6 on T cells were evaluated. All the agents tested effectively inhibited the proliferation of murine splenocytes induced by Concanavalin A (ConA), with IC50 values ranging from 12.7 nM to 33.3 nM.

Association of a Pre-miR-27a Polymorphism with Cancer Risk: an Updated Meta-analysis

Bai, Rong-Pan,Weng, Yu,Su, Li-Ling,Jin, Ming-Juan,Xu, Zheng-Ping,Lu, Li-Qin,Chen, Guang-Di Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.23

MicroRNA-27a is highly expressed in cancers and has been identified as an oncogenic microRNA. A genetic variant in pre-miR-27a (rs895819) with a transition of A to G has been demonstrated to be associated with cancer risk; however, the results of these studies remain conflicting rather than conclusive. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation. Through searching PubMed or other databases up to March 2014 using the following MeSH terms and keywords, "miR-27a", "polymorphism" and "cancer", seventeen case-control studies were identified in this meta-analysis, including 7,813 cases and 9,602. Crude odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to investigate the association strength between rs895819 and the susceptibility of cancer. The results of the overall meta-analysis did not suggest any association between rs895819 polymorphism and cancer susceptibility, and this remained in Asians as a subgroup. In Caucasians, however, the rs895819 was associated with a reduced cancer risk in heterozygous (OR, 0.83; 95%CI, 0.75-0.93) and dominant models (OR, 0.84; 95%CI, 0.76-0.93), and the [G] allele of rs895819 showed a protective effect (OR, 0.90, 95%CI, 0.84-0.97). Further studies showed a significant association between the [G] allele of rs895819 and decreased risk of breast cancer (0.91; 95%CI, 0.85-0.98), and stratified analyses indicated a protective effect of the [G] allele in Caucasians (OR, 0.89; 95%CI, 0.82-0.98), younger breast cancer cases (OR, 0.87; 95%CI, 0.79-0.96), and in the group of unilateral breast cancer patients (OR, 0.90; 95%CI, 0.83-0.97). These findings suggest an association between pre-miR-27a polymorphism rs895819 and cancer risk in Caucasians. The protective effect of rs895819 [G] allele in younger breast cancer and in the group of unilateral breast cancer patients await further confirmation since the included studies in this meta-analysis were limited.

Systematic Review of Single Large and/or Multinodular Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Surgical Resection Improves Survival

Yang, Xiang-Di,Pan, Ling-Hui,Wang, Lin,Ke, Yang,Cao, Ji,Yang, Chun,Zhong, Jian-Hong,Luo, Wang,Guo, Jiao,Li, Le-Qun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.13

Background: The role of surgical resection for patients with single large (${\geq}5cm$) and/or multinodular (${\geq}2$) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still controversial. This systematic review was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of resection for patients with single large and/or multinodular HCC. Materials and Methods: Databases (the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases) were systematically searched to identify relevant studies exploring the safety and efficacy of resection for single large and/or multinodular HCC, published between January 2000 and December 2014. Perioperative morbidity and mortality, overall survival, and disease-free survival of the resection group were calculated. In addition, these outcome variables were also calculated for the control group in the included studies. Results: One randomized controlled trial and 42 nonrandomized studies involving 9,580 patients were eligible for analysis. Eight (1,594 patients) of the 43 studies also reported the outcomes of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Although 51.4% of patients featured cirrhosis, 90.7% of them demonstrated Child-Pugh A liver function in the resection group. The median rates of morbidity (24.5%) and mortality (2.5%) after resection were significantly higher than that of TACE (11.0%, P<0.001; 1.9%, P<0.001). However, patients who underwent resection had significantly higher median one-, three-, and five-year overall survival (76.1%, 51.7%, and 37.4%) than those who underwent TACE (68.3%, 31.5%, and 17.5%, all P<0.001). The median 1-, 3-, and 5-year DFS rates after resection were 58.3%, 34.6%, and 24.0%, respectively. Conclusions: Although tumor recurrence after resection for patients with single large and/ or multinodular HCC continues to be a major problem, resection should be considered as a strategy to achieve long-term survival.

Growth, Clonability, and Radiation Resistance of Esophageal Carcinoma-derived Stem-like Cells

Li, Jian-Cheng,Liu, Di,Yang, Yan,Wang, Xiao-Ying,Pan, Ding-Long,Qiu, Zi-Dan,Su, Ying,Pan, Jian-Ji Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.8

Objective: To separate/enrich tumor stem-like cells from the human esophageal carcinoma cell line OE-19 by using serum-free suspension culture and to identify their biological characteristics and radiation resistance. Methods: OE-19 cells were cultivated using adherent and suspension culture methods. The tumor stem-like phenotype of CD44 expression was detected using flow cytometry. We examined growth characteristics, cloning capacity in soft agar, and radiation resistance of 2 groups of cells. Results: Suspended cells in serum-free medium formed spheres that were enriched for CD44 expression. CD44 was expressed in 62.5% of suspended cells, but only in 11.7% of adherent cells. The suspended cells had greater capacity for proliferation and colony formation in soft agar than the adherent cells. When the suspended and adherent cells were irradiated at 5 Gy, 10 Gy, or 15 Gy, the proportion of CD44+ suspended cells strongly and weakly positive for CD44 was 77.8%, 66.5%, 57.5%; and 21.7%, 31.6%, 41.4%, respectively. In contrast, the proportion of CD44+ adherent cells strongly positive for CD44 was 18.9%, 14.%, and 9.95%, respectively. When the irradiation dose was increased to 30 Gy, the survival of the suspended and adherent cells was significantly reduced, and viable CD44+ cells were not detected. Conclusion: Suspended cell spheres generated from OE-19 esophageal carcinoma cells in serum-free stem medium are enriched in tumor stem-like cells. CD44 may be a marker for these cells.