Effects of Different Drying Methods on Quality Characteristics of Auricularia auricular-judae Cultivars, ‘Yong-a’

Dami Kim,Myeong-Seok Kim,Ho-Sub An,Dong-Kwan Kim,Heung-Gyu Park,Kil-Ja Kim 한국버섯학회 2017 버섯 Vol.21 No.2

A. auricular-judae cultivars, ‘Yong-a’ was cultivated in JARES on 2015. Ear mushroom have been consumed the form of dried mushrooms imported from china, but the production and consumption of domestic ear mushroom have been increasing recently. However, how the different drying methods affect the quality of domestic varieties is not clear. Therefore, we examined the effects of drying methods to improve the competitiveness of dried ear mushrooms using domestic cultivar, ‘Yong-a’. Ear mushroom samples were dried using sun-drying and hot air drying(50, 60°C) and combined of two methods(hot air drying at 50, 60°C after 3,6 and 9 hours sun drying) and drying time, rehydration ratio, color and hardness, vitamin D2 contents were evaluated. Drying time was the fastest at 60°C hot air drying(11.5h) and the slowest at 50°C hot air drying(16h) and drying time was shorter as the sun drying time was longer. The rehydration ratio was the highest at 60°C hot air drying(18.6%) and increased as the drying time decreased. After drying and rehydration, the color showed no significant difference between drying methods. The hardness of rehydrated mushroom was highest at sun drying and 60°C hot air drying. The contents of ergosterol were not significantly different by drying methods. However, vitamin D2 was lowest at 50 °C and 60°C hot air drying (4.22mg%, 3.87mg%) and highest at sun drying and 50°C hot air drying after 6 hours sun drying (12.52mg%, 12.99mg%). vitamin D2 contents was higher at 50°C hot air drying than 60°C. According to the results of color, hardness, vitamin D2 contents of dried ear mushroom, sun drying is the best method. When the sun drying is not possible, hot air drying at 60°C is suitable, but it is better to use sun drying method to increase the vitamin D2 contents.

Development of novel complementary metal-oxide semiconductor-based colorimetric sensors for rapid detection of industrially important gases

Kim, Dami,Kim, SeJin,Kim, Sanghyo Elsevier 2018 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.265 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A sensitive and low-cost colorimetric sensor array was developed to detect industrially important gases. We selected several target gases and indicators, and then used a printing method to fabricate an array to read the color value and to analyze the data. Using the printing method, various indicators can be produced in a uniform array on a desired substrate in a short time and at a low-cost. Four gases (ammonia, methylamine, trimethylamine, and hydrazine) and ten indicators were used to confirm the ability of the gas detection system. The color change of the dyes in the array was extracted in real time using an array reader with an integrated complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor. The developed gas detection system successfully detected gases using an array reader, which provided data for sensitive color changes in real time using the CMOS image sensor. This mechanism could be applied industrially for detecting toxic gases because the developed sensor is highly sensitive and inexpensive.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Low-cost colorimetric sensor array was developed to detect industrially important gases. </LI> <LI> The developed gas detection system successfully detected gases using an array reader. </LI> <LI> Array reader provided data for sensitive color changes in real time using the CMOS image sensor. </LI> <LI> The total gas detection system is a useful tool for early response to gas leakage accidents. </LI> </UL> </P>

Fruiting Body Characteristic of Auricularia polytricha (Mont.) Sacc. “Geoni” by Differences of Cultivation Environment

Kil-Ja Kim,Dami Kim,Ho-Sub An,Myeong-Seok Kim,Dong-Kwan Kim,Heung-Gyu Park 한국버섯학회 2017 버섯 Vol.21 No.2

Auricularia polytricha has strong decomposition ability on wood fiber and a wide range of temperature adaptation as mid-high temperature mushroom. In addition, Auricularia polytricha does not require light in the mycelial growth period, but it is cultivated in the field because the light promotes the differentiation of fruiting bodies and affects the pigment formation. This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of the cultivation of Auricularia polytricha (Mont.) Sacc. "Geoni" which was bred at Jeonnam Agricultural Research Institute in 2012 at a simple-typed PE film mushroom house, and to compare the quality characteristics of the Auricularia polytricha (Mont.) Sacc. "Geoni" cultivated at air-conditioned mushroom house. Auricularia polytricha (Mont.) Sacc. "Geoni" was cultivated with sawdust-based media (0.9 kg) every 3 days from June 15 to July 13 at air-conditioned mushroom house and PE film mushroom house, and harvested until July 26th. The temperature and the humidity of the air-conditioned mushroom house was maintained at 23°C and 90-9 %. The Irrigation was conducted 1 time per day and 2 to 3 times per day at air-conditioned mushroom house and PE film mushroom house respectively. The harvesting period were the same for each treatment. The fruiting body was 6.0 ㎝ and 5.1 ㎝ in major axis and 4.6 ㎝ and 4.0 ㎝ in minor axis at PE film mushroom house and air-conditioned mushroom house respectively, as a result the size of the fruiting body grown at PE film mushroom house tended to be larger. The thickness of fruiting body was 0.85㎜ and 1.24㎜ at PE film mushroom house and air-conditioned mushroom house respectively. These results are considered to be due to the difference in the humidity control conditions between each treatment. The number of fruiting bodies per bag was 4.3 at PE film mushroom house and more tendency than 3.7 at air-conditioned mushroom house. The springiness of the fruiting body was 1.23 ± 0.21 and 1.01 ± 0.17. the chewiness was 620 ± 89 and 507 ± 128, and the resilience was 0.49 ± 0.03 and 0.35 ± 0.07 at PE film mushroom house and air-conditioned mushroom house respectively. As a whole, it was judged that the physical properties of the fruiting body grown at PE film mushroom house were excellent. Also, when comparing the chromaticity of fruiting body, L(lightness)-a(red color)-b(yellow color) value was 30-5.5-3.9 and 39-6.5-7.5 at PE film mushroom house and air-conditioned mushroom house respectively. The yields did not show differentiated tendency by cultivation time. However, the weight of fruiting body per bag was 308g and 252g at PE film mushroom house and air-conditioned mushroom house respectively. Therefore, according to these result, Auricularia polytricha (Mont.) Sacc. "Geoni" was judged to be a suitable cultivar at PE film mushroom house for summer.

Microfluidic System Based High Throughput Drug Screening System for Curcumin/TRAIL Combinational Chemotherapy in Human Prostate Cancer PC3 Cells

( Dami An ),( Kwang Mi Kim ),( Jeong Yun Kim ) 한국응용약물학회 2014 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.22 No.4

We have developed a fully automated high throughput drug screening (HTDS) system based on the microfl uidic cell culture array to perform combinational chemotherapy. This system has 64 individually addressable cell culture chambers where the sequential combinatorial concentrations of two different drugs can be generated by two microfl uidic diffusive mixers. Each diffusive mixer has two integrated micropumps connected to the media and the drug reservoirs respectively for generating the desired combination without the need for any extra equipment to perfuse the solution such as syringe pumps. The cell array is periodically exposed to the drug combination with the programmed LabVIEW system during a couple of days without extra handling after seeding the cells into the microfl uidic device and also, this device does not require the continuous generation of solutions compared to the previous systems. Therefore, the total amount of drug being consumed per experiment is less than a few hundred micro liters in each reservoir. The utility of this system is demonstrated through investigating the viability of the prostate cancer PC3 cell line with the combinational treatments of curcumin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL). Our results suggest that the system can be used for screening and optimizing drug combination with a small amount of reagent for combinatorial chemotherapy against cancer cells.

Efficiency Enhancement by pH Swing in Indirect Carbonation using Paper Sludge Ash and Acid

Dami Kim,Myoung-Jin Kim 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.05

Carbon dioxide has steadily increased in atmosphere since the industrial revolution, and it is the main cause of the global warming. In this study, carbon dioxide is stored in the form of insoluble calcium carbonate through indirect carbonation using paper sludge ash (PSA) as a raw material and acids (acetic acid and hydrochloric acid) as solvents. Acid is very efficient to extract calcium from PSA, which is as high as 55%. However, since the pH of calcium extractant obtained using acid is as low as 6 and carbon dioxide is not present in the form of CO32- at the low pH, carbonation reaction does not occur to form calcium carbonate. Sodium hydroxide, therefore, is added into the calcium extractant to increase pH up to 13. The amount of sodium hydroxide is calculated based on the equivalent of calcium in the extractant. Then, carbon dioxide is injected into the calcium extractant for 30 minutes at a flow rate of 0.05 L/min. The calcium extractant is prepared in advance using 40 g of PSA and 1L of 0.7 M acid, and 35mL of 50% sodium hydroxide is added into the extractant to adjust pH. During carbonation, liquid samples are taken at designated intervals to measure pH and calcium concentration. After the carbonation is completed, white solids are collected to dry at 105℃ for 12 hours, which weigh 30.0 g and 33.1 g from the extractants using acetic acid and hydrochloric acid, respectively. The white solids are found to be highly pure calcite by XRD analysis. Based on the solid mass, the amounts of carbon dioxide sequestrated in PSA are calculated to be 330.4 kg CO2/ton PSA and 363.7 kg CO2/ton PSA using acetic acid and hydrochloric acid as solvents, respectively.

Rapid, specific, and ultrasensitive fluorogenic sensing of phosgene through an enhanced PeT mechanism

Kim, Tae-Il,Kim, Dami,Bouffard, Jean,Kim, Youngmi Elsevier 2019 Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical Vol.283 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report the design of an enhanced PeT-based fluorogenic phosgene probe <B>1-CN</B> comprising a BODIPY fluorescence reporter, and a catechol quencher at the <I>meso</I>-position acting as the phosgene reaction site. The fluorescent catechol-derived probe <B>1-CN</B> specifically reacts with phosgene to result in a cyclic carbonate ester. The fast (< 3 s) reaction suppresses a reductive PeT quenching process, leading to a fluorescence turn-on signal (<I>F/F<SUB>0</SUB> </I> up to <I>ca</I>. 1300). The high sensitivity (LOD = 24 pM) of the probe is achieved by the precise adjustment of the energy levels of the frontier orbitals involved in the PeT.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <B>1-CN</B> is highly specific for phosgene without observable response to common interferents. </LI> <LI> <B>1-CN</B> is rationally designed through an enhanced PeT mechanism. </LI> <LI> <B>1-CN</B> shows an instant (< 3 s) response, a high sensitivity (up to <I>ca.</I> 1300-fold), and the lowest detection limit for phosgene to date (24 pM). </LI> <LI> Low-cost, portable solid-state sensors made from <B>1-CN</B> respond to 0.1 ppmv phosgene gas within sec, highlighting its potential for field use. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>We report the design of an enhanced PeT-based fluorogenic phosgene probe <B>1-CN</B> comprising a BODIPY fluorescence reporter, and a catechol quencher at the <I>meso</I>-position acting as the phosgene reaction site. The fluorescent catechol-derived probe <B>1-CN</B> specifically reacts with phosgene to result in a cyclic carbonate ester. The fast (< 3 s) reaction suppresses a reductive PeT quenching process, leading to a fluorescence turn-on signal (<I>F/F<SUB>0</SUB> </I> up to <I>ca</I>. 1300). The high sensitivity (LOD = 24 pM) of the probe is achieved by the precise adjustment of the energy levels of the frontier orbitals involved in the PeT.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Promoting water photooxidation on transparent WO₃ thin films using an alumina overlayer

Kim, Wooyul,Tachikawa, Takashi,Monllor-Satoca, Damiá,n,Kim, Hyoung-il,Majima, Tetsuro,Choi, Wonyong The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol.6 No.12

<P>Tungsten trioxide (WO<SUB>3</SUB>) is being investigated as one of the most promising materials for water oxidation using solar light. Its inherent surface-related drawbacks (<I>e.g.</I>, fast charge recombination caused by surface defect sites, the formation of surface peroxo-species, <I>etc.</I>) are nowadays being progressively overcome by different methods, such as surface passivation and the deposition of co-catalysts. Among them, the role of surface passivation is still poorly understood. Herein, transparent WO<SUB>3</SUB> (electrodeposited) and Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>/WO<SUB>3</SUB> (prepared by atomic layer deposition, ALD) thin film electrodes were employed to investigate the role of an alumina overlayer by using both photoelectrochemical and laser flash photolysis measurements. Films with a 5 nm-alumina overlayer (30 ALD cycles) showed an optimum photoelectrochemical performance, portraying a 3-fold photocurrent and Faradaic efficiency enhancement under voltage biases. Moreover, IPCE measurements revealed that alumina effect was only significant with an applied potential <I>ca.</I> 1 V (<I>vs.</I> Ag/AgCl), matching the thermodynamic potential for water oxidation at pH 1 (0.97 V <I>vs.</I> Ag/AgCl). According to the investigation of electron accumulation through optical absorption measurements, the alumina overlayer dominantly decreased the number of electron trapping sites on the WO<SUB>3</SUB> surface, eventually facilitating photoelectron transfer to the external circuit in the presence of a positive bias. In addition, the laser flash photolysis measurements of WO<SUB>3</SUB> and Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>/WO<SUB>3</SUB> thin films clearly showed that the electron trapping decreased in the presence of the alumina overlayer whereas the hole trapping relatively increased with alumina, facilitating water photooxidation and rendering a more sluggish recombination process. These results provide a physical insight into the passivation process that could be used as a guideline for further development of efficient photoanodes in artificial photosynthesis.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>In the water photooxidation process for the artificial photosynthesis, the alumina overlayer on a WO<SUB>3</SUB> photoanode markedly decreases the number of electron trapping sites, eventually facilitating the hole transfer to water. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3ee42151a'> </P>

Influence of Molten KNO₃ Flow Conditions on Mechanical Properties during Fabrication of Chemically-Toughened Glass

Kim, Dong-Hwan,Maeng, Jee-Hun,Kim, Dami,Choi, Sung-Churl,Kim, Hyeong-Jun The Korean Ceramic Society 2015 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.52 No.2

In this study, we examined the influence of molten $KNO_3$ flow on mechanical properties and their deviation when a chemical toughening process was applied to soda lime silicate glass ($Na_2O-CaO-SiO_2$). $KNO_3$ melt flow was controlled using three methods: (1) glass tray rotation, (2) impeller stirring, and (3) natural convection. DOL and hardness were found to be enhanced by tray rotation because this rotation was able to maintain the concentration around the glass surface, in contrast to other methods. However, there did not appear to be a statistically significant difference in the 3-point bending strength for the three flow conditions due to the ground edge condition.

N-doped TiO₂ nanotubes coated with a thin TaO_<i>x</i>N_<i>y</i> layer for photoelectrochemical water splitting: dual bulk and surface modification of photoanodes

Kim, Hyoung-il,Monllor-Satoca, Damiá,n,Kim, Wooyul,Choi, Wonyong The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol.8 No.1

<P>TaON is a good photoanode material with a suitable band structure for water splitting as well as coupling with TiO<SUB>2</SUB> for efficient charge separation. However, the synthesis of TaON that requires high temperature nitridation (850 °C) limits the combination with other materials. In this work, we deposited a thin amorphous TaO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>N<SUB><I>y</I></SUB> layer on N-doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanotubes (N-TNTs) through low temperature nitridation (500 °C) and demonstrated its successful performance as an efficient photoanode for water-splitting. Since the preparation temperature is low, TaO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>N<SUB><I>y</I></SUB> on N-TNTs has a unique amorphous structure with a smooth thin layer (5 nm). It is proposed that the thin amorphous TaO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>N<SUB><I>y</I></SUB> layer plays dual roles: (i) surface sensitization and/or charge rectification at the heterojunction between the TaO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>N<SUB><I>y</I></SUB> layer and N-TNTs, and (ii) passivation of N-TNT surface trap states to retard the charge recombination. TaO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>N<SUB><I>y</I></SUB> layer-decorated N-TNTs as dual modified TNTs (N-doping in the bulk and TaO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>N<SUB><I>y</I></SUB> overlayer deposition on the surface) have significantly improved both visible (<I>ca.</I> 3.6 times) and UV (<I>ca.</I> 1.8 times) activities for PEC water-splitting as well as the faradaic efficiency (<I>ca.</I> 1.4 times, <I>η</I> = 98%) for H<SUB>2</SUB> production. Making the amorphous TaO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>N<SUB><I>y</I></SUB> layer crystalline at higher temperatures reduced the PEC activity of the hybrid photoanode, in contrast, which indicates that the amorphous TaO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>N<SUB><I>y</I></SUB> layer deposition on N-TNTs through low temperature nitridation (500 °C) is optimized for the PEC activity. A range of spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques were systematically employed to investigate the properties of the PEC process.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Thin amorphous TaO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>N<SUB><I>y</I></SUB> layer-coated <I>N</I>-doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanotubes successfully serve as a water splitting photoanode. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4ee02169j'> </P>

Maximization of CO2 storage for various solvent types in indirect carbonation using paper sludge ash

Kim, Myoung-Jin,Kim, Dami Springer-Verlag 2018 Environmental Science and Pollution Research Vol.25 No.30