http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Local Interpolation for Tools Surface Description
D.M. Neto,M.C. Oliveira,J.L. Alves,L.F. Menezes 한국소성가공학회 2010 기타자료 Vol.2010 No.6
Surface description accuracy is of paramount importance when modeling contact problems. However, most finite element method (FEM) researchers still resort to polyhedral models to describe contact surfaces, which can oversimplify the original system by neglecting the curvature. A simple algorithm for interpolating discretized surfaces and recover the original geometry was recently proposed by Nagata [1]. The main idea behind this parametric surface description (subsequently named Nagata patch) is the quadratic interpolation of a curved segment, from the position and normal vectors at the end points. The curved segment is used to recover the curvature of triangular or quadrilateral patches, defined by the vertices of the polyhedral mesh. This paper presents a study concerning the use of Nagata patches to local interpolate tools surface either defined by analytical functions or polyhedral models. The use of triangular or quadrilateral Nagata patches is compared, both in terms of efficiency and robustness of the local interpolation algorithm. Different strategies to approximate the tools normal defined by polyhedral models are presented and the error in the local interpolation is evaluated.
Glasco, D.M.,Sittaramane, V.,Bryant, W.,Fritzsch, B.,Sawant, A.,Paudyal, A.,Stewart, M.,Andre, P.,Cadete Vilhais-Neto, G.,Yang, Y.,Song, M.R.,Murdoch, J.N.,Chandrasekhar, A. Academic Press 2012 Developmental Biology Vol.369 No.2
During development, facial branchiomotor (FBM) neurons, which innervate muscles in the vertebrate head, migrate caudally and radially within the brainstem to form a motor nucleus at the pial surface. Several components of the Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, including the transmembrane protein Vangl2, regulate caudal migration of FBM neurons in zebrafish, but their roles in neuronal migration in mouse have not been investigated in detail. Therefore, we analyzed FBM neuron migration in mouse looptail (Lp) mutants, in which Vangl2 is inactivated. In Vangl2<SUP>Lp/+</SUP> and Vangl2<SUP>Lp/Lp</SUP> embryos, FBM neurons failed to migrate caudally from rhombomere (r) 4 into r6. Although caudal migration was largely blocked, many FBM neurons underwent normal radial migration to the pial surface of the neural tube. In addition, hindbrain patterning and FBM progenitor specification were intact, and FBM neurons did not transfate into other non-migratory neuron types, indicating a specific effect on caudal migration. Since loss-of-function in some zebrafish Wnt/PCP genes does not affect caudal migration of FBM neurons, we tested whether this was also the case in mouse. Embryos null for Ptk7, a regulator of PCP signaling, had severe defects in caudal migration of FBM neurons. However, FBM neurons migrated normally in Dishevelled (Dvl) ½ double mutants, and in zebrafish embryos with disrupted Dvl signaling, suggesting that Dvl function is essentially dispensable for FBM neuron caudal migration. Consistent with this, loss of Dvl2 function in Vangl2<SUP>Lp/+</SUP> embryos did not exacerbate the Vangl2<SUP>Lp/+</SUP> neuronal migration phenotype. These data indicate that caudal migration of FBM neurons is regulated by multiple components of the Wnt/PCP pathway, but, importantly, may not require Dishevelled function. Interestingly, genetic-interaction experiments suggest that rostral FBM neuron migration, which is normally suppressed, depends upon Dvl function.
Energy Requirements in Early Life Are Similar for Male and Female Goat Kids
Bompadre, T.F.V.,Neto, O. Boaventura,Mendonca, A.N.,Souza, S.F.,Oliveira, D.,Fernandes, M.H.M.R.,Harter, C.J.,Almeida, A.K.,Resende, K.T.,Teixeira, I.A.M.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.12
Little is known about the gender differences in energetic requirements of goats in early life. In this study, we determined the energy requirements for maintenance and gain in intact male, castrated male and female Saanen goat kids using the comparative slaughter technique and provide new data on their body composition and energy efficiency. To determine the energy requirements for maintenance, we studied 21 intact males, 15 castrated males and 18 females ($5.0{\pm}0.1kg$ initial body weight (BW) and $23{\pm}5d$ of age) using a split-plot design with the following main factors: three genders (intact males, castrated males, and females) and three dry matter intake levels (ad libitum, 75% and 50% of ad libitum intake). A slaughter group included three kids, one for each nutritional plane, of each gender, and all three animals within a group were slaughtered when the ad libitum kid reached 15 kg in BW. Net energy requirements for gain were obtained for 17 intact males, eight castrated males and 15 females ($5.1{\pm}0.4kg$ BW and $23{\pm}13d$ of age). Animals were fed ad libitum and slaughtered when they reached 5, 10, and 15 kg in BW. A digestion trial was performed with nine kids of each gender to determine digestible energy, metabolizable energy and energy metabolizability of the diet. Our results show no effect of gender on the energy requirements for maintenance and gain, and overall net energy for maintenance was $205.6kJ/kg^{0.75}$ empty body weight gain (EBW) ($170.3kJ/kg^{0.75}$ BW) from 5 to 15 kg BW. Metabolizable energy for maintenance was calculated by iteration, assuming heat production equal to metabolizable energy intake at maintenance, and the result was $294.34kJ/kg^{0.75}$ EBW and $k_m$ of 0.70. As BW increased from 5 to 15 kg for all genders, the net energy required for gain increased from 9.5 to 12.0 kJ/g EBW gain (EWG), and assuming $k_g=0.47$, metabolizable energy for gain ranged from 20.2 to 25.5 kJ/g EWG. Our results indicate that it is not necessary to formulate diets with different energetic content for intact male, castrated male and female Saanen goat kids weighing from 5 to 15 kg.
Dadalt, J.C.,Gallardo, C.,Polycarpo, G.V.,Budino, F.E.L.,Rogiewicz, A.,Berto, D.A.,Trindade Neto, M.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.10
Most of amino acid (AA) digestibility values for feed ingredients are obtained using pigs cannulated in the distal ileum. The ileal-cannulated pig model uses pigs older than six weeks due to difficulties related to implanting the T-cannula in distal ileum of younger pigs and complications during the post-surgical recovery. However, to properly formulate the diet of weaned pigs, the nutritive value of feed ingredients should be determined with younger pigs. Thus, 25 weaned pigs were used to determine the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, energy, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) ileal AA digestibility of broken rice (BR), with or without multicarbohydrase (MC) and phytase (Phy) supplementation. Piglets were weaned at 23 d of age and individually housed in digestibility cages until 45 d of age. The trial consisted of 7 d of adaptation to the experimental diets and 3 d of excreta (feces and urine) collection. Ileal digesta was collected at slaughter (about 6 weeks of age). A completely randomized experimental design was used to determine the effects of MC and Phy. Reference diets (RD, 5% casein) was replaced by 30% of BR with or without MC, Phy, or MC+Phy. The RD was used to quantify endogenous AA losses. BR with Phy supplied had increased the ATTD of dry matter (p<0.05) and SID of histidine (p = 0.05), arginine, leucine, lysine, valine, alanine, and proline (p<0.05). BR with MC had been increased digestible energy and protein and SID for histidine (p<0.05). There was no interaction between Phy and MC on the BR nutrient digestibilities. Standardized amino acid digestibilities of BR, without enzymes, were lower than those values reported in the literature. The MC and Phy improved the digestibility of some nutrients and energy of BR in post-weaned piglet diets.
Strong Light-Matter Interactions in Heterostructures of Atomically Thin Films
Britnell, L.,Ribeiro, R. M.,Eckmann, A.,Jalil, R.,Belle, B. D.,Mishchenko, A.,Kim, Y.-J.,Gorbachev, R. V.,Georgiou, T.,Morozov, S. V.,Grigorenko, A. N.,Geim, A. K.,Casiraghi, C.,Neto, A. H. Castro,Nov American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2013 Science Vol.340 No.6138
<P><B>Atomic Layer Heterostructures—More Is More</B></P><P>The isolation of stable layers of various materials, only an atom or several atoms thick, has provided the opportunity to fabricate devices with novel functionality and to probe fundamental physics. <B>Britnell <I>et al.</I></B> (p. 1311, published online 2 May; see the Perspective by <B>Hamm and Hess</B>) sandwiched a single layer of the transition metal dichalcogenide WS<SUB>2</SUB> between two sheets of graphene. The photocurrent response of the heterostructure device was enhanced, compared to that of the bare layer of WS<SUB>2</SUB>. The prospect of combining single or several-atom-thick layers into heterostructures should help to develop materials with a wide range of properties.</P>
Oh, S.,Kwon, B.,Kong, S.,Yang, G.,Lee, N.,Han, D.,Goo, J.,Siqueira-Neto, J.,Freitas-Junior, L.,Liuzzi, M. TEH ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY 2014 MedChemComm Vol.5 No.2
A high-throughput (HTS) and high-content screening (HCS) campaign of a commercial library identified 2-acetamidothophen-3-carboxamide as a novel scaffold for developing new anti-leishmanial agents. A series of chemical modifications were performed to study the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and in vitro anti-leishmanial activities were evaluated using biological assays of not only extracellular promastigotes but also intracellular amastigotes. Compound 6a showed promising anti-amastigote activity (EC50 = 6.41 mu M) against L. donovani without any cytotoxicity (CC50 > 50 mu M) towards human macrophages.
Francilene V. Silva,Adriana G. Guimara˜es,Elayne R.S. Silva,Benedito P. Sousa-Neto,Fla´via D.F. Machado,Lucindo J. Quintans-Ju´nior,Daniel D.R. Arcanjo,Francisco A. Oliveira,Rita C.M. Oliveira 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.11
This study reports a pharmacological evaluation of anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activities of carvacrol, a phenolic monoterpene constituent of essential oils produced by oregano and other several aromatic plants and spices, in experimental models of edema induced by different phlogistic agents and gastric lesions induced by acetic acid. In models of paw edema induced by dextran or histamine, carvacrol was effective at 50 mg/kg (46% and 35%, respectively); in these models, cyproheptadine reduced edema formation (61% and 43%, respectively). In edema induced by substance P, carvacrol (100 mg/kg) and ruthenium red (3 mg/kg) also decreased the edema formation (46% and 40%, respectively). Carvacrol significantly reduced the ear edema induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate and arachidonic acid at 0.1 mg per ear (43% and 33%, respectively), similar to indomethacin at 0.5 mg per ear or 2.0 mg per ear (55% and 57%, respectively). Carvacrol (at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) showed a healing capacity on gastric lesions induced by acid acetic (60%, 91%, and 81%, respectively) after 14 days of treatment. These results suggest that carvacrol acts on different pharmacological targets, probably interfering in release and/or synthesis of inflammatory mediators, such as the prostanoids, and thus favoring the healing process for gastric ulcers.