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Education in Peru: the challenge to increase quality and reduce inequality
Santiao Cueto APEC국제교육협력원 2012 국제교육협력연구지 Vol.5 No.1
지난 몇 십 년 동안 페루는 교육 기회의 상당한 확장이 있었다. 특히 초등 교육에 있어서 90%가 넘는 학생이 등록하였고 다른 수준(중등, 고등)에서도 증가하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 그러나 학생들의 평균 성취도는 여전히 낮은 상태이며 이는 사회경제적인 특징과 많이 연관되어있다. 이에 페루는 국가적인 차원에서 다음과 같은 6가지 목표를 수립하였다. (1) 모든 아이들 에게 독해와 수학, 과학 그리고 시민권의 질적인 학습 (2) 유아기: 다섯 살 이하의 아이들이 질적인 교육서비스에 접근 (3) 지방 아이들에 대한 초점 (4) 지방 토착의 아이들을 대상으로 그들의 모국어와 스페인어로 수업 (5) 선생님들의 역량 향상 (6) 새로운 학교의 관리 와교육시스템 이러한 6가지 목표의 달성을 위해서는 국제교육협력이 필수적인데 이를 위한 제안 은 다음과 같다. (1) 2개의 언어, 이종문화간의 교육 (2) 복합적인 학습을 위한 교육 (3) 교육에 있어서의 기술 (4) 교육에 있어서의 연구와 평가 (5) 학생들의 성과 고취 (6) 선생님들의 역량 향상 결론적으로 페루의 교육 정책은 다른 APEC 국가들과의 적극적인 상호작용을 통해 그 혜택과 효과를 증진시켜야 한다. Over the past few decades Peru has achieved a significant expansion of enrollment, especially in primary education (above 90% of students of target age enrolled) and shows increasing tendencies for the other levels. However, student achievement is on average low and highly correlated with socioeconomic characteristics. The Ministry of Education has declared that the National Education Project. (1) Quality learning for all children, (2) Early childhood: children under five access quality educational services, (3) Focus on rural children: boys and girls reach learning goals, diminishing existing gaps, (4) Respect for culture in learning: indigenous boys and girls (5) Teachers' career, (6) New management of schools and the educational system Policies in education in Peru could benefit from active interactions with APEC members in a number of areas. Below however we summanze a few of these and suggest specific lines of cooperation. And suggestions for international cooperation like below. (1) Bilingual, intercultural education, (2) Teaching for complex learning, (3) Technology in education, (4) Research and evaluation in education, (5) Raising students' achievement (6) Teachers' career.
Anaerobic Co-digestion of Swine Manure with Energy Crop Residues
María José Cuetos,Camino Fernández,Xiomar Gómez,Antonio Morán 한국생물공학회 2011 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.16 No.5
Anaerobic co-digestion involves the treatment of different substrates with the aim of improving the production of biogas and the stability of the process. In this research, co-digestion of swine manure (SM) and energy crop residues (ECRs) was studied. The mixtures evaluated contained SM combined with maize (Mz), rapeseed (Rs) or sunflower (Sf) residues. Batch and semi-continuous experiments were performed to determine methane (CH4) yields and the behavior of reactors while co-digesting agricultural wastes. Three different proportions of ECRs were tested in batch experiments for co-digestion with SM: 25, 50, and 75% volatile solids (VS). On the basis of the results obtained from batch tests, a mixture with a 50% ECR content was selected for the second stage of the study. Mesophilic reactors with a 3 L working volume were used for semicontinuous experiments. The hydraulic retention time (HRT)was set at 30 days and the reactors were kept under these operational conditions over four HRTs. The addition of ECR to the co-digestion system resulted in a major increase in the amount of biogas produced daily. The highest biogas yield was obtained when co-digesting Rs (3.5 L/day),although no improvement was observed in specific gas production from the addition of the co-substrate.
Thermal degradation and flammability behavior of fire-retarded wood flour/polypropylene composites
Sun, Lichao,Wu, Qinglin,Xie, Yanjun,Cueto, Rafael,Lee, Sunyoung,Wang, Qingwen Technomic Publising 2016 Journal of Fire Sciences Vol.34 No.3
<P>Magnesium hydroxide, expandable graphite, and ammonium polyphosphate were used to enhance the thermal stability and fire retardant properties on wood flour/polypropylene composites. The thermal decompositions and flammability properties were investigated using modulated thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimeter, and the activation energy of each decomposition process was also determined by modulated thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that both expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate promoted thermal degradation of wood flour and char formulation, and magnesium hydroxide did not influence on the wood flour decomposition. Unlike in nitrogen atmosphere, magnesium hydroxide and ammonium polyphosphate increased the peak temperature of wood flour thermal degradation and diminished the decomposition peaks of polypropylene in air atmosphere. Cone calorimeter results showed that expandable graphite greatly reduced the heat and smoke release. A general activation energy range of 187-226kJmol(-1) (in nitrogen), 165-206kJmol(-1) (in air) at wood flour degradation stage, 237-262kJmol(-1) (in nitrogen), and 185-269kJmol(-1) (in air) at polypropylene degradation stage were proposed for wood flour/polypropylene composite with and without fire retardants.</P>
Kevin A. Hao,Robert J. Cueto,Christel Gharby,David Freeman,Joseph J. King,Thomas W. Wright,Diana Almader-Douglas,Bradley S. Schoch,Jean-David Werthel 대한견주관절학회 2024 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.27 No.1
Background: Restoration of external (ER) and internal rotation (IR) after Grammont-style reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is often unreliable. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the influence of RSA medio-lateral offset and subscapularis repair on axial rotation after RSA. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies evaluating axial rotation (ER, IR, or both) after RSA with a defined implant design. Medio-lateral implant classification was adopted from Werthel et al. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model. Results: Thirty-two studies reporting 2,233 RSAs were included (mean patient age, 72.5 years; follow-up, 43 months; 64% female). The subscapularis was repaired in 91% (n=2,032) of shoulders and did not differ based on global implant lateralization (91% for both, P=0.602). On meta-analysis, globally lateralized implants achieved greater postoperative ER (40° [36°–44°] vs. 27° [22°–32°], P<0.001) and postoperative improvement in ER (20° [15°–26°] vs. 10° [5°–15°], P<0.001). Lateralized implants with subscapularis repair or medialized implants without subscapularis repair had significantly greater postoperative ER and postoperative improvement in ER compared to globally medialized implants with subscapularis repair (P<0.001 for both). Mean postoperative IR was reported in 56% (n=18) of studies and achieved the minimum necessary IR in 51% of lateralized (n=325, 5 cohorts) versus 36% (n=177, 5 cohorts) of medialized implants. Conclusions: Lateralized RSA produces superior axial rotation compared to medialized RSA. Lateralized RSA with subscapularis repair and medialized RSA without subscapularis repair provide greater axial rotation compared to medialized RSA with subscapularis repair. Level of evidence: 2A.
NEM-FEM comparison on porthole die extrusion of AA-6082
Francesco Gagliardi,Iciar Alfaro,Giuseppina Ambrogio,Luigino Filice,Elias Cueto 대한기계학회 2013 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.27 No.4
Porthole die extrusion is a forming process used to manufacture hollow components with different shapes. This forming process is optimized to improve the welding line quality. Process optimization can be achieved by determining the influences that each process parameter has on the pressure along the welding plane. The construction complexity of the die results in research difficulty from an experimental point of view. Even the finite element method (FEM) presents relevant drawbacks primarily because of numerical codes are not capable of simulating the welding phase. Hence, the natural element method (NEM), which allows the joining phase of free surfaces,presents significant advantages. In this work, experimental results obtained using a flexible porthole die are discussed. A suitable 2D geometry was extracted from the die, and both FEM and NEM were conducted. A good agreement among the numerical results was recorded.
Cardoso-Martí,nez, Faviola,de la Rosa, José,M.,Dí,az-Marrero, Ana R.,Darias, José,Cerella, Claudia,Diederich, Marc,Cueto, Mercedes The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Vol.13 No.26
<P>Tanzawaic acids M (<B>1</B>), N (<B>2</B>), O (<B>3</B>) and P (<B>4</B>) and the known tanzawaic acids B (<B>5</B>) and E (<B>6</B>), have been isolated from an extract of a cultured marine-derived fungus (strain CF07370) identified as a member of the genus <I>Penicillium</I>. The structures of <B>1–4</B> were determined based on spectroscopic evidence. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of compounds <B>1–6</B> were evaluated.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Tanzawaic acids M (<B>1</B>), N (<B>2</B>), O (<B>3</B>) and P (<B>4</B>) were isolated from an extract of a cultured marine-derived fungus (strain CF07370) identified as a member of the genus <I>Penicillium</I>. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c5ob00773a'> </P>