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- 저자 : Comstock, Brad (검색결과 4 건)
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Ultrasonographic features and clinical implications of benign palpable breast lesions in young women
Richard Ha,Hyonah Kim,Victoria Mango,Ralph Wynn,Christopher Comstock 대한초음파의학회 2015 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.34 No.1
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the breast ultrasonography (US) features and to investigate whether performing a core biopsy is warranted in young women having palpable solid breast masses. Methods: A total of 76 solid palpable masses in 68 consecutive women (≤25 years old)underwent tissue diagnosis by percutaneous core biopsy. Two radiologists, who were blinded to the clinical history and histopathology, independently evaluated the US features according to Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon. The frequency of benign and malignant descriptor terms that were used to characterize the lesions were compared to the final pathology. Results: All 76 palpable solid masses yielded benign pathology. On the US, the shape of the mass was described by radiologists 1 and 2 as oval or round (63.2% and 71.1%), margin as circumscribed (68.4% and 77.6%) and orientation as parallel (85.5% and 90.8%); the frequency of using all three benign descriptors was 61.8% and 68.5%, respectively. Suspicious descriptors were used less frequently by radiologists 1 and 2 including irregular shape (9.2% and 13.1%), non-circumscribed margin (31.6% and 22.4%) and non-parallel orientation (14.5% and 9.2%); the frequency of using all three suspicious descriptors was 9.2% and 11.8%, respectively. Conclusion: Despite the variable US features, breast malignancy seems extremely low in 25 years or younger women for palpable breast lesions. Using the BI-RADS lexicon, US accurately predicted benignity in about two thirds of our patients, supporting US surveillance as a safe alternative to invasive tissue sampling in this setting.
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Delaney, Bryan,Zhang, John,Carlson, Gabrielle,Schmidt, Jean,Stagg, Barb,Comstock, Brad,Babb, Amy,Finlay, Carol,Cressman, Robert F.,Ladics, Greg,Cogburn, Amarin,Siehl, Dan,Bardina, Luda,Sampson, Hugh,H Oxford University Press 2008 Toxicological sciences Vol.102 No.2
<P>The glyphosate acetyltransferase (gat) gene from Bacillus licheniformis was subjected to multiple rounds of gene shuffling to optimize kinetics of corresponding GAT proteins to acetylate the herbicide active ingredient glyphosate. Genetically modified soybeans expressing the gat4601 gene (356043 soybeans) are tolerant to the application of glyphosate. The current manuscript reports the outcome of the allergenicity and toxicity assessment for the GAT4601 protein. Bioinformatic comparison of the amino acid sequence of GAT4601 did not identify similarities to known allergenic or toxic proteins. In vitro studies conducted with heterologously produced GAT4601 protein demonstrated that it was rapidly degraded in simulated gastric fluid containing pepsin (< 30 s) and in simulated intestinal fluid containing pancreatin (< 2 min) and completely inactivated at temperatures above 56 degrees C. The GAT4601 protein expressed in planta is not glycosylated and similar protein profiles were observed in flour extracts from 356043 soybeans and nontransgenic near isoline comparator soybeans (Jack) using serum from soy allergic persons. No evidence of adverse effects was observed in mice following acute oral exposure to 2000 mg/kg of GAT4601 protein or in a repeated dose dietary exposure study at doses of 800-1000 mg/kg/day. This comprehensive assessment demonstrates that the GAT4601 protein does not present a risk for adverse effects in humans when used in the context of agricultural biotechnology.</P>
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Yeom, Jae Min,Yum, Seong Soo,Mei, Fan,Schmid, Beat,Comstock, Jennifer,Machado, Luiz A.T.,Cecchini, Micael A. Elsevier 2019 Atmospheric research Vol.230 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Cloud microphysical data obtained from aircraft measurements during the GoAmazon2014/5 campaign were analyzed to examine the differences in cloud microphysical properties and relationships between the wet and dry seasons and their implications on cloud microphysical processes. Basically, the distinct differences in cloud microphysical properties between the wet and dry seasons were considered to be due to higher concentration of aerosols and their larger sizes in the dry season, leading to higher droplet concentration. Analyses of cloud microphysical relationships and mixing diagrams strongly suggest homogeneous mixing for most cloud segments in both the wet and dry seasons: diluted cloud parcels with smaller liquid water content (L) and lower droplet concentration (N) generally had smaller mean volume of cloud droplets (V). However, in the dry season some cloud segments included cloud parcels that had high N of small cloud droplets, which led to a low correlation between N and V and also between N and L. These features are speculated to be due to secondary activation of cloud droplets from the cloud condensation nuclei in the entrained air, which seemed more likely to occur in the dry season due to more favorable conditions for such a process, including larger sizes of entrained aerosols, higher fluctuation of vertical velocity and lager turbulent dissipation rate.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Microphysical properties of Amazonian clouds in the wet and dry seasons are studied. </LI> <LI> Microphysical relationships for most cloud segments suggest homogeneous mixing. </LI> <LI> There is high likelihood of secondary droplet activation in the dry season. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Sara Santarossa,Alexandra R. Sitarik,Andrea E. Cassidy-Bushrow,Sarah S. Comstock 한국운동영양학회 2023 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.27 No.2
[Purpose] To determine whether physical activity (PA), specifically meeting the recommended 150 minutes of moderate-intensity PA per week, is associated with gut microbiota composition in pregnant women. [Methods] In an ongoing birth cohort study, questions from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, which provides data on PA variables, were used to determine whether pregnant women met or exceeded the PA recommendations. To profile the composition of gut bacterial microbiota, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on stool samples obtained from pregnant women. Differences in alpha diversity metrics (richness, Pielou’s evenness, and Shannon’s diversity) according to PA were determined using linear regression, where- as beta diversity relationships (Canberra and Bray-Curtis) were assessed using Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). Differences in relative taxon abundance were determined using DESeq2. [Results] The complete analytical sample included 23 women that were evaluated for both PA and 16S rRNA sequencing data (median age [Q1; Q3] = 30.5 [26.6; 34.0] years; 17.4% Black), and 11 (47.8%) met or exceeded the PA recommendations. Meeting or exceeding the PA recommendations during pregnancy was not associated with gut microbiota richness, evenness, or diversity, but it was related to distinct bacterial composition using both Canberra (p = 0.005) and Bray-Curtis (p = 0.022) distances. Significantly lower abundances of Bacteroidales, Bifidobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Streptococcaceae were observed in women who met or exceeded the PA recommendations (all false discovery rates adjusted, p < 0.02). [Conclusion] Pregnant women who met or exceeded the PA recommendations showed altered gut microbiota composition. This study forms the basis for future studies on the impact of PA on gut microbiota during pregnancy.
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