Greening 에 따른 보리 어린식물의 전자전달과 광인산화반응 활성의 변화

이진범,홍영남,이순희,조영동,권영명 ( Chin Bum Lee,Young Nam Hong,Sun Hi Lee,Young Dong Cho,Young Myung Kwon ) 생화학분자생물학회 1983 BMB Reports Vol.16 No.1

The development of activities of electron transport and photophosphorylation at various stages of greening was studied with the isolated chloroplast in dark-grown, 7-day-old barley seedlings. The activity of total photosystem(P5 II+I) reached the peak at 4 hrs of illumination, after which it sharply decreased (FeCy, DCPIP, or MV as acceptor) . After 8hrs greening it increased gradually. The activity of photosystem I (PS I) showed the similar pattern with that of PS II+I during the initial greening time, but it was decreased gradually after 8 hrs greening. That of photosystem II (PS II) , however, was increased continuously up to 48hrs. The content of chlorophyll a and b increased abrubtly with greening and the ratio of chl a/b after 8 hrs of illumination reached about 3 : 1. In the absence of photophosphorylation, the pH changes of chloroplast suspension were induced by illumination. In these cases, the acidity per ㎎ chlorophyll was decreased sharply whereas its per mg protein did not show great difference. The photophosphorylation was not detected in the isolated chloroplast within 16 hrs greening, and the pH change produced by ATP formation was observed after 24 hrs greening.

옥수수 분리 엽록체에서의 엽록소 형광의 소멸과 광계 2의 Quantum Yield

이진범,박인호,이혜주,선우양일,Lee, Chin- Bum,Park, In-Ho,Lee, Hae-Joo,Sunwoo, Yang-Il 생화학분자생물학회 1991 한국생화학회지 Vol.24 No.6

옥수수 엽육세포의 분리엽록체를 이용하여 환경요인(광 및 온도)에 따른 산소소비량과 방출되는 형광을 측정하여, 형광소멸 요인을 조사하고 이들과 광계 2의 quantum yield와의 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 고등식물에 있어 틸라코이드 막은 흡수된 빛의 분포 및 소실을 조절하는 수개의 기작을 가지며, 이들은 내외의 여러 요인들에 의하여 조절되어진다(Horton et al., 1989), 'Light doubling techniques' 와 달리 DCMU처리에 의한 방법은 energy-dependent quenching(qE)을 확실히 구별할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 광의 세기가 낮을 때는 photochemical quenching(qQ)이 형광소멸의 주된 요인임을 알 수 있으며, 광의 세기가 높을수록 non-photochemical quenching(qNP)이 주된 요인이었다. qQ와 산소소비량에 대한 quantum yield$({\Phi}_s)$사이에는 nonlinear한 관계를 보였으며, 이는 높은 광에서 광계 2의 quantum yield(intrinsic yield, $({\Phi}_p)$의 감퇴를 나타낸다 하겠다. ${\Phi}_p$는 광도의 증가에 따라 감퇴하였으며, qE와 역비례 관계를 보였으나 ${\Phi}_p$의 감퇴는 qE의 상승에 기인하기 보다는 pH변화 등 다른 요인의 영향일 것이다. 온도상승에 따라 산소소비량은 증가하였으나, qE, qR 및 qNP는 계속적인 감소경향을 보였다. 한편, $(F_v){_m/F_m}$와 ${\Phi}_p$와의 관계는 변화양상이 매우 유사하여 linear관계를 가질 것으로 사료되며, 이와 같은 관계를 가질 경우, 안테나에서의 열손실이 중요한 요인으로 작용할 것이다. The relationship between quantum yield of photosystem II and quenching component of chlorophyll fluorecene has been investigated through a series of experiments on isolated maize mesophyll chloroplasts. The thylakoid membranes of higher plants possess several mechanisms that control both the distribution and the rate of dissipation of absorbed light. These mechanism allow regulation by external and internal factors. By using DCMU addition techniques, there is an advantage to be able to distinguish energy-dependent quenching (qE) from other components of non-photochemical quenching (qNP). At low light intensity, photochemical quenching (qQ) is major component of chlorophyll fluorescence quenching, while at high light intensity, qNP is major one, The relationship between qQ ans quantum yield of oxygen evolution $({\Phi}_s)$ with incident light intensity was showed. The nonlinear relation is indicative of the decline in the intrinsic yield of photosystem II $({\Phi}_p)$ at high light intensity. ${\Phi}_p$ declined as the light intensity increased, which was inversely proportional to qE. The oxygen evolution was increased gradually as the temperature increases, but over $45^{\circ}C$, decreased rapidly. qE, qR (the remaining quenching) and qNP were continuously decreased, while qQ was rapidly increased over $30^{\circ}C$. The changes of $(F_v){_m/F_m}$ on temperature may be presumably able to suggest that they are affected by the phophorylation of LHC II. And interestingly, the changes of $(F_v){_m/F_m}$ were very similiar with those of ${\Phi}_p$.

Greening에 따른 보리 어린식물의 전자전달과 광인산화반응 활성의 변화

이진범,홍영남,이순희,조영동,권영명,Lee, Chin-Bum,Hong, Young-Nam,Lee, Sun-Hi,Cho, Young-Dong,Kwon, Young-Myung 생화학분자생물학회 1983 한국생화학회지 Vol.16 No.1

어두운 곳에서 7일간 기른 보리(Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Baecdong) 어린식물을 750 ft.c의 빛에서 greening시킬 때 일어나는 광화학반응 및 광인산반응의 변화를 분리 엽록체를 재료로 조사하였다. PS II+I의 활성은 greening 초기(4hr)에서 최대값을 보인 뒤 급속히 감소하다 8시간 이후부터 점진적으로 증가한 반면, PS I의 활성은 초기에서 보인 최대값은 PS II+I 활성과 같은 양상을 보였으나, 8시간 이후 오히려 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 PS II 활성은 greening 시킴에 따라 계속적으로 48시간까지 증가하였다. 엽록소 a와 b의 함량은 greening 되면서 급격히 증가하였으며, 특히 chl a/b 값은 8시간 이후에는 거의 3 : 1의 비율이 유지되었다. 광인산화반응이 얼어나지 않는 조건밑에서 엽록체 현탁액의 pH 변화는 빛에 의해 유발되었으며, 엽록소량으로 표시할 경우 acidity는 급격한 감소 현상을 보였고, 단백질량으로 표시한 경우에는 커다란 변화를 나타내지 않았다. 광얀산화반응은 16시간이내의 greening 처리를 한 보리의 분리 염록체에서는 검출되지 않았고, greening 시간을 24시간 이상으로 연장할 때 비로서 뚜렷한 ATP 형성에 의한 pH 변화가 관찰되었다. The development of activities of electron transport and photophosphorylation at various stages of greening was studied with the isolated chloroplast in dark-grown, 7-day-old barley seedlings. The activity of total photosystem(PS II+I) reached the peak at 4 hrs of illumination, after which it sharply decreased (FeCy, DCPIP, or MV as acceptor). After 8hrs greening it increased gradually. The activity of photosystem I (PS I) showed the similar pattern with that of PS II+I during the initial greening time, but it was decreased gradually after 8 hrs greening. That of photosystem II (PS II), however, was increased continuously up to 48hrs. The content of chlorophyll a and b increased abrubtly with greening and the ratio of chl a/b after 8 hrs of illumination reached about 3 : 1. In the absence of photophosphorylation, the pH changes of chloroplast suspension were induced by illumination. In these cases, the acidity per mg chlorophyll was decreased sharply whereas its per mg protein did not show great difference. The photophosphorylation was not detected in the isolated chloroplast within 16 hrs greening, and the pH change produced by ATP formation was observed after 24 hrs greening.

옥수수 분리 엽록체에서의 엽록소 형광의 소멸과 광계 2 의 Quantum Yield

이진범,박인호,이혜주,선우 양일 ( Chin Bum Lee,In Ho Park,Hae Joo Lee,Yang Il Sun Woo ) 생화학분자생물학회 1991 BMB Reports Vol.24 No.6

The relationship between quantum yield of photosystem II and quenching component of chlorophyll fluorecene has been investigated through a series of experiments on isolated maize mesophyll chloroplasts. The thylakoid membranes of higher plants possess several mechanisms that control both the distribution and the rate of dissipation of absorbed light. These mechanisms allow regulation by external and internal factors. By using DCMU addition techniques, there is an advantage to be able to distinguish energy-dependent quenching (qE) from other components of non-photochemical quenching (qNP). At low light intensity, photochemical quenching (qQ) is major component of chlorophyll fluorescence quenching, while at high light intensity, qNP is major one, The relationship between qQ ans quantum yield of oxygen evolution (Φ_s) with incident light intensity was showed. The nonlinear relation is indicative of the decline in the intrinsic yield of photosystem II (Φ_p) at high light intensity. Φ_p declined as the light intensity increased, which was inversely proportional to qE. The oxygen evolution was increased gradually as the temperature increases, but over 45℃, decreased rapidly. qE, qR (the remaining quenching) and qNP were continuously decreased, while qQ was rapidly increased over 30℃. The changes of (F_v)_m,/F_m on temperature may be presumably able to suggest that they are affected by the phophorylation of LHCII. And interestingly, the changes of F_v)_m,/F_m were very similiar with those of Φ_p.

Greening 에 따른 유채 (油菜) 자엽의 (子葉) 엽록소 - 단백질 복합체 형성

이진범(Chin Bum Lee),홍영남(Young Nam Hong),권영명(Young Myung Kwon) 한국식물학회 1983 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.26 No.2

The formation of chlorophyⅡ-protein complexes (CP-complexes) during the greening of rape cotyledons (Brassica napus cv. Yongdang) was investigated by the SDS-poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The total chlorophyⅡ content and ChⅠ a/b ratio were also determined. In addition, the effects of dark treatment on the CP-complex patterns during greening have been examined with respect to their photosynthetic electron transport activity. Greening has brought about the increase in total chlotophyⅡ content and the decrease in ChⅠ a/b ratio, but there have been no changes in ChⅠ a/b ratio after 24 hrs of greening. The light-harvesting chlorophyⅡ a/b-protein complex (LHCP-complex) was predominant during the initial greening period. Thereafter, the amount of chlorophyⅡ a-protein complex (CP Ⅰ-complex) was gradually increased. Twenty-four-hr dark treatment immediately after illumination for 6 hrs and 12 hrs resulted in the increase of the ChⅠ a/b ratio and the CP Ⅰ complex, otherwise the decrease of the LHCP-complex. The LHCP/CP Ⅰ ratio was gradually decreased with further greening, and appeared no change after 48 hrs illumination. The investigation of the photosynthetic electron transport activity indicated that photosystem (PS) Ⅱ activity (H_2O→p-PD^*+FeCy^**) did not change, but the activity of PS Ⅰ was increased suddenly due to the dark treatment. The data suggests that the increase of CP Ⅰ-complex may result in that of P-700, that is, the increase of PS Ⅰ activity.

Decursin 과 Decursinol 이 식물의 생장과 발아에 미치는 영향

이진범(Chin Bum Lee),이민재(Min Jai Lee),지형준(Hyung Joon Chi),권영명(Young Myung Kwon) 한국식물학회 1976 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.19 No.1

Biological activities of decursin and decursinol, natural coumarin derivatives, on the germination, growth and adventitious root formation of several plants were observed. In 10ppm of decursin or decursinol, the growth of Avena coleoptile sections was inhibited, and the activity of IAA-oxidase was gradually enhanced by the increase of its concentrations. Inhibition effect on seed germination was observed from 100ppm of each chemicals, and the activity of amylase in the germinating seeds was also gradually decreased. However, In the higher concentrations of decursin, the inhibited germination rate of wheat was slightly reduced. Decursin and decursinol also promoted the adventitious root formation in seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris.

Phosphorylcholine , Phosphorylethanlamine 및 chlorocholine 이 보리 엽록체의 광인산화활성에 미치는 저해효과의 비교

유경희,이진범,권영명 ( Gyung Hee Yu,Chin Bum Lee,Young Myung Kwon ) 생화학분자생물학회 1987 BMB Reports Vol.20 No.3

The activity of photophosphorylation of isolated chloroplasts from barley leaves was apparently inhibited by phosphorylcholine; phosphorylcholine drastically reduced ATP synthesis and irreversible proton consumption accompanying ATP synthesis. But, phosphorylethanolamine and chlorocholine showed little inhibitory effects on photophosphorylation. Phosphorylcholine did not affect electron transport activities and increased buffer capacity of barley chloroplast suspensions, as phosphorylethanolamine and chlorocholine did. The leakage of thylakoid membranes to proton was induced larger amount by phosphorylethanolamine and chlorocholine rather than by phosphorylcholine. It appeared that this leakage could not cause a marked inhibition of photophosphorylation. These results support an assumption that phosphorylcholine has inhibitory effects on coupling factor and thylakoid membranes while the other two compounds act on thylakoid membranes.

Phosphorylcholine, Phosphorylethanolamine 및 Chlorocholine이 보리 엽록체의 광인산화활성에 미치는 저해효과의 비교

유경희,이진범,권영명,Yu, Gyung-Hee,Lee, Chin-Bum,Kwon, Young-Myung 생화학분자생물학회 1987 한국생화학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Phosphorylcholine은 보리에서 분리한 엽록체의 광인산화활성에 현저한 저해효과를 보였다. 즉 광인산화반응시 ATP 생성이 억제됨과 동시에 ATP생성으로 인하여 비가역적으로 소비되는 proton의 양도 감소하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 그러나 광안산화활성에 대한 phosphoryl ethanolamine, chlorocholine의 저해효과는 낮은 것으로 나타났다. Phosphorylcholine, phosphorylethanolamine, chlorocholine 모두는 전자전달 반응계에 전혀 영향을 미치지 않았으며 엽록체 반응액의 buffer capacity를 증가시키기도 하였다. Phosphorylcholine은 엽록체의 틸라코이드막의 proton leakage를 약간 촉진하였지만 phosphorylethanolamine, chlorocholine의 경우와 비교하면 상대적으로 낮은 수준이었다. 따라서 이러한 proton leakage효과가 광인산화활성을 뚜렷하게 억제시킬 정도는 아님을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과에서 phosphorylethanolamine, chlorocholine은 틸라코이드막의 수준에서 비특이적인 저해효과를 미친 반면에 phosphorylcholine은 틸라코이드막뿐만 아니라 특히 coupling factor에 저해적으로 작용하여 광인산화활성을 억제하는 것으로 추정할 수 있었다. The activity of photophosphorylation of isolated chloroplasts from barley leaves was apparently inhibited by phosphorylcholine; phosphorylcholine drastically reduced ATP synthesis and irreversible proton consumption accompanying ATP synthesis. But, phosphorylethanolamine and chlorocholine showed little inhibitory effects on photophosphorylation. Phosphorylcholine did not affect electron transport activities and increased buffer capacity of barley chloroplast suspensions, as phosphorylethanolamine and chlorocholine did. The leakage of thylakoid membranes to proton was induced larger amount by phosphoryl ethanolamine and chlorocholine rather than by phosphorylcholine. It appeared that this leakage could not cause a marked inhibition of photophosphorylation. These results support an assumption that phosphorylcholine has inhibitory effects on coupling factor and thylakoid membranes while the other two compounds act on thylakoid membranes.

Phosphorylcholine 이 보리 엽록체의 광인산화활성에 미치는 저해효과에 관하여

유경희(Gyung Hee Yu),이진범(Chin Bum Lee),권영명(Young Myung Kwon) 한국식물학회 1986 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.29 No.3

The onset of photophosphorylation at the various stages of greening showed different patterns with varying concentrations of Pi. With further greening. ATP formation occurred at the lower concentration of Pi (48 hrs; 0.05 mM). At early stages of greening, more Pi was required for photophosphorylation (6 hrs; 5.0 mM). The addition of cell-free extracts of etiolated barley seedlings resulted in the competitive inhibition of photophophorylation. The apparent inhibition by cell-free extracts was gradually decreased during greening of etiolated barley seedlings. We found that the inhibitors of photophosphorylation in cell-free extracts were some organic phosphates and most of them was P-choline. P-choline inhibited photophosphorylation competitively with Pi and its content was decreased considerably in greening. It is likely that P-choline partly delay the photophosphorylation in early stages of greening.

Decursinol 처리에 따른 보리 유식물의 전자전달 활성과 엽록소 - 단백질 복합체의 변화에 대하여

전현식(Hyun Sik Chun),이진범(Chin Bum Lee) 한국식물학회 1988 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.31 No.2

The effects of decursinol and decursin on chloroplast-mediated electron transport and phosphorylation in barley seedlings were investigated in comparison with coumarin in the dark or light. The changes of CP-complexes were also studied. Decursinol, decursin and coumarin caused marked inhibitory effects on germination of seed and electron transport and phosphorylation activity of seedling. The following order of inhibitory effectiveness was exhibited; decursinol>coumarin>decursin. Loss of chlorophyll and decrease of electron transport activity were retarded in the dark, but were reversely accelerated in the light by these three chemicals. The changes of CP-complex patterns were also similar to effects on chlorophyll content and the electron transport activity. These opposite effects in the dark and light suggest that these three chemicals act as natural growth retardants rather than cytokinins or growth inhibitors.