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Evaluating NFV-enabled Network Slicing for 5G Core
Chia-Wei Liao,Fuchun Joseph Lin,Yoichi Sato 한국통신학회 2020 한국통신학회 APNOMS Vol.2020 No.09
Network slicing enables a single physical network be sliced into multiple virtual networks. Each is customized and optimized according to specific 5G services and business goals. It can accommodate QoS heterogeneity of different 5G vertical services with isolation. In this research, we realize 5G mobile core network slicing based on the NFV (Network Functions Virtualisation) MANO (MANagement and Orchestration) architecture. Our prototype leverages open sources from both OpenStack Tacker and NCTU free5GC to creates 5G core network slicing based on its Network Service Descriptor (NSD). We evaluate and compare the performance between the multiple network slicing system and the one-slice-fits-all single slicing system using three eMBB (enhanced Mobile BroadBand) services of different QoS levels. Our test results show that the former can achieve better throughput and response time than the latter with the tradeoff of increasing its CPU consumption.
Enhanced Allergic Inflammation of Der p 2 Affected by Polymorphisms of MD-2 Promoter
En-Chih Liao,Chia-Wei Hsieh,Ching-Yun Chang,Sheng-Jie Yu,Meei-Ling Sheu,Sheng-Mao Wu,Jaw-Ji Tsai 대한천식알레르기학회 2015 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.7 No.5
Purpose: Myeloid differentiation-2 (MD-2) has been associated with endotoxin and inflammatory disorders because it can recognize lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding and attenuate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated signaling. However, its role in allergic inflammation has yet to be clarified. We examined whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MD-2 promoter can affect MD-2 expression and aimed to clarify the relationship between Der p 2 allergy and SNPs of MD-2 promoter. Methods: The function of SNPs of MD-2 promoter and the effects of cytokines and immunoglobulin on the secretion and mRNA expression were investigated in 73 allergic subjects with different MD-2 gene promoter variants. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with or without LPS in the presence of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus group 2 allergen (Der p 2), followed by mRNA extraction and cytokine expression analysis. The culture supernatants were collected for cytokine measurement. Results: Patients with the MD-2 promoter SNPs (rs1809441/rs1809442) had increased mRNA expressions of MD-2, ε heavy chain of IgE (Cε), and interleukin (IL)-8; however, only MD-2 and IL-8 were further up-regulated after Der p 2 stimulation. Patients with SNPs of MD-2 promoter tended to have high levels of IL- 1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α after Der p 2 and LPS stimulation. Increased secretions of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were found to be up-regulated by Der p 2 stimulation, and an increased secretion of IFN-γ and decreased secretion of IL-4 were noted after LPS stimulation. Conclusions: The high levels of proinflammatory cytokines secreted by Der p 2 were predetermined by MD-2 promoter SNPs (rs1809441/rs1809442). Through cytokine secretion by Der p 2 and LPS, these SNPs may serve as an indicator of the pathological phenotype of Der p 2-induced allergic inflammation.
An autonomous Mobile Robot System based on Serverless Computing and Edge Computing
Tri Thong Tran,Yu-Chen Zhang,Wei-Tung Liao,Yu-Jen Lin,Ming-Chia Li,Huai-Sheng Huang 한국통신학회 2020 한국통신학회 APNOMS Vol.2020 No.09
Strengthen by Artificial Intelligence (AI) and complexly integrated sensors, an autonomous mobile robot (AMR) is extensively applied in coping with various human resources tasks in indoor office environments. However, implementing an AMR system from scratch needs a strong Electric Engineer background due to the complexity of robot-controlling. Besides, Communication between robot-server, sensor, and client-service also increases the difficulty and time-cost in AMR developing. In this paper, the AMR system we proposed aims to be implemented by people without a EE background, and we will achieve this by employing Robot Operating System. Besides, the AMR system should work independently but still capable of responding to human requests. We will demonstrate a serverless could structure that includes the client-side service and integrate the edge-computing, which in charge of the immediacy-demanding job.
Li, Feng,Yoshizawa, Janice M.,Kim, Kyoung-Mee,Kanjanapangka, Julie,Grogan, Tristan R.,Wang, Xiaoyan,Elashoff, David E.,Ishikawa, Shigeo,Chia, David,Liao, Wei,Akin, David,Yan, Xinmin,Lee, Min-Sun,Choi, American Association for Clinical Chemistry, Inc. 2018 Clinical chemistry Vol.64 No.10
<P><B>BACKGROUND:</B></P><P>Biomarkers are needed for noninvasive early detection of gastric cancer (GC). We investigated salivary extracellular RNA (exRNA) biomarkers as potential clinical evaluation tools for GC.</P><P><B>METHODS:</B></P><P>Unstimulated whole saliva samples were prospectively collected from 294 individuals (163 GC and 131 non-GC patients) who underwent endoscopic evaluation at the Samsung Medical Center in Korea. Salivary transcriptomes of 63 GC and 31 non-GC patients were profiled, and mRNA biomarker candidates were verified with reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). In parallel, microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers were profiled and verified with saliva samples from 10 GC and 10 non-GC patients. Candidate biomarkers were validated with RT-qPCR in an independent cohort of 100/100 saliva samples from GC and non-GC patients. Validated individual markers were configured into a best performance panel.</P><P><B>RESULTS:</B></P><P>We identified 30 mRNA and 15 miRNA candidates whose expression pattern associated with the presence of GC. Among them, 12 mRNA and 6 miRNA candidates were verified with the discovery cohort by RT-qPCR and further validated with the independent cohort (n = 200). The configured biomarker panel consisted of 3 mRNAs (<I>SPINK7</I>, <I>PPL</I>, and <I>SEMA4B</I>) and 2 miRNAs (<I>MIR140-5p</I> and <I>MIR301a</I>), which were all significantly down-regulated in the GC group, and yielded an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.72–0.89). When combined with demographic factors, the AUC of the biomarker panel reached 0.87 (95% CI, 0.80–0.93).</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS:</B></P><P>We have discovered and validated a panel of salivary exRNA biomarkers with credible clinical performance for the detection of GC. Our study demonstrates the potential utility of salivary exRNA biomarkers in screening and risk assessment for GC.</P>