Characterization of changes in global gene expression in the brain of neuron-specific enolase/human Tau23 transgenic mice in response to overexpression of Tau protein.

Woo, Jong-Min,Park, So Jung,Kang, Ho Il,Kim, Byoung Guk,Shim, Sun Bo,Jee, Seung Wan,Lee, Su Hae,Sin, Ji Soon,Bae, Chang Joon,Jang, Mee Kyung,Cho, Chunghee,Hwang, Dae Youn,Kim, Chuel Kyu D.A. Spandidos 2010 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.25 No.5

<P>Tau is a neuronal phosphoprotein responsible for the formation of the neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease. To characterize the changes in global gene expression in the brain of transgenic mice that overexpress human Tau23 protein in response to the increase of Tau23 phosphorylation, total RNA extracted from the hippocampus of 12-month-old transgenic and wild-type mice was converted to cDNA, labeled with biotin and hybridized to oligonucleotide microarrays. The microarray results were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting method. It was determined that 43 genes were up-regulated and 8 genes were down-regulated by Tau23 in transgenic mice compared to controls, based on the arbitrary difference in the 2-fold change. Among the up-regulated transcripts, those encoding for transporter and oxidoreductase were dramatically over-represented, followed by those related to regulatory molecule, cytoskeletal protein, signaling molecule, and extracellular matrix protein. Genes encoding for transcription factor, regulatory molecule, miscellaneous function, and chaperone were significantly reduced in the down-regulated group. The major genes in the up-regulated categories included Ecrg4, Folr1, Defb11, Aqp1 and Soctdc1. The major genes in the down-regulated categories were Ncor1, Gpm6a, and Hspd1. These results indicate that the microarray analysis identifies several gene functional groups and individual genes that respond to a sustained increase in Tau23 phosphorylation levels in the brain of transgenic mice. In addition, the results suggest the microarray test is a useful tool for increased understanding of the role of Tau23 protein in regulating neurodegenerative disorders.</P>

Analysis of Airtightness and Air Leakage of Wooden Houses in Korea

Sejong Kim,Yoon-seong Chang,Joo-saeng Park,Kug-bo Shim 한국목재공학회 2017 목재공학 Vol.45 No.6

Airtightness of buildings is one of critical aspects of its energy performance. To build up references of air-tightness of wooden houses built in Korea, blower door tests have been carried out in 42 houses since 2006. Causes of air leakage were investigated recently. The average value of air change rate was 3.7 h^-1 for light frame house and 5.5 h^-1 for post-beam construction at ACH50 (air change per hour at 50 Pa air pressure differ-ence). Foam type insulation was more advantageous in ensuring building airtightness than glass fiber batt. Airtightness of wooden houses which were constructed after 2010 was improved to have less than 1.5 h^-1 of ACH50, threshold for application of artificial air change. The average air change rate of CLT (cross laminated timber) houses showed the lowest value, 1.1 h^-1, among the tested structures.

Overexpression of Insulin Degrading Enzyme could Greatly Contribute to Insulin Down-regulation Induced by Short-Term Swimming Exercise

Min Sun Kim,Jun Seo Goo,Ji Eun Kim,So Hee Nam,Sun Il Choi,Hye Ryun Lee,In Sik Hwang,Sun Bo Shim,Seung Wan Jee,Su Hae Lee,Chang Joon Bae,Jung Sik Cho,Jun Yong Cho,Dae Youn Hwang 한국실험동물학회 2011 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.27 No.1

Exercise training is highly correlated with the reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), although it enhanced insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake and glucose transporter expression to reduce severity of diabetic symptoms. This study investigated the impact of short-term swimming exercise on insulin regulation in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat as a non-obese model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Wistar (W/S) and GK rats were trained 2 hours daily with the swimming exercise for 4 weeks, and then the changes in the metabolism of insulin and glucose were assessed. Body weight was markedly decreased in the exercised GK rats compare to their non-exercised counterpart, while W/S rats did not show any exercise-related changes. Glucose concentration was not changed by exercise, although impaired glucose tolerance was improved in GK rats 120 min after glucose injection. However, insulin concentration was decreased by swimming exercise as in the decrease of GSIS after running exercise. To identify the other cause for exercise-induced insulin down-regulation, the changes in the levels of key factors involved in insulin production (C-peptide) and clearance (insulin-degrading enzyme; IDE) were measured in W/S and GK rats. The C-peptide level was maintained while IDE expression increased markedly. Therefore, these results showed that insulin down-regulation induced by short-term swimming exercise likely attributes to enhanced insulin clearance via IDE over-expression than by altered insulin production.

한국형 인공심장 내의 혈류에 대한 수치해석적 연구

심은보,박명수,여종영,고형종,박찬영,민병구 제주대학교 인공심장이식연구소 2001 인공심장 연구 Vol.2 No.1

한국형 인공심장 내의 혈액 유동을 유한요소 코드인 ADINA를 사용하여 수치적으로 조사하였다. 그 동안 많은 실험을 통해서 밝혀진 중요한 문제점들 중의 하나는 바로 혈전 생성이다. 이것은 혈액 주머니내의 작용하는 과도한 높은 전단응력 또는 정체 영역과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 한국형 인공심장 내의 혈류는 액추에이터와 혈액주머니, 그리고 혈액의 상호작용에 의하여 정의될 수 있다. 여기에서 혈액은 비압축성, 뉴우턴 유체로 가정하였으며, 혈액주머니는 등방성 선형 고체재질로 가정하였다. 2차원 모델은 액추에이터와 혈액 주머니 사이의 접측 문제 및 고체-유체 상호작용 문제를 전부 고려하였다. 3차원 모델에서는 액추에이터에 의한 변형을 접촉문제를 혈액주머니 외부에 작용하는 압력조건으로 단순화하였다. 2차원 모델 계산결과에 의하면, 입구 및 출구 부근, 그리고 모서리 부근에서 전단응력의 세기가 매우 크다는 것을 발견할 수 있었다. 또한 위쪽 돌출부에서 속도가 매우 느려지는 정체 영역이 형성되었으며, 이는 실험에서 관찰된 혈전 생성영역과 거의 일치한다. 3차원 계산의 경우에도 역시 입구와 출구 부분에서 재순환 영역이 발견되었으며, 수축시에는 입구의 아래쪽에서, 이완시에는 출구의 아래쪽에서 정체영역이 생성됨을 알 수 있었다. One of the crucial problems which make the artificial heart operate improperly is the thrombus formation. Many experimental results show the thrombus formation is strongly retated with a high shear stress and the stagnation in the blood flow. Therefore study on the blood flow in artificial hearts is very important in a practical point of view. This thesis deals with the two- and three-dimensional unsteady blood flows in the Korean total artificial hearts(KTAH). It is numerically investigated by using the commercial finite element code ADINA. The flow in the sac of artificial heart results from the mutual interaction of the acuator, sac, and blood. Blood is assumed as an incompressible viscous Newtonian fluid, while the sac is considered to be elastic and isotropic solid material. The contact problem between the actuator and sac is included in the two-dimensional modelling. Because of the tremendously calculation time, the action of the actuator is replaced by the imposition of the time-varying pressure on the outer surface of the sac. Numerical results show a high shear stress distribution near the inlet and outlet corners of the sac. From two-dimensional calculation flow stagnation is seen to be found in the upper convex part of the sac. By comparing the numerical results with the experimental ones we can conclude the thrombus is generated in regions where blood flow stagnates or is very slow.

응급의학과에서의 인공호흡기 처치

이삼범,도호석,도병수,이창현,심민철,권굉보 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Study Objectives : To investigate and resolve the problems related with ventilator management in ED(emergency department). At present the ventilator is essential equipment of ED on university hospital and emergency center in Korea. Design : Retrospective consecutive case series. Setting : University teaching hospital Type of participants : All patients admitted and recieved ventilator management in ED of yeungnam university hospital from Jan. 1994 to jul. 1995. Methods and interventions : Charts of all patients were reviewed to determine the frequency, the types and causes of respiratory failure, the death rate, the mean duration of admission, the complications, and CPR(cardiopulmonary resuscitation) related with ventilator management in ED. We also identified the problems related with ventilator management by ED physicians and nurses through the answers to seven questions that suggested by us about ventilator management in ED. Measurements and main result : There were 34,751 admissions through ED during the study period. Of these 160 patients managed with ventilator in ED. The frequency of ventilator management in ED is increased at 1995(0.73%) that compared with 1994(0.32%). Non-trauma(113 cases) and hypoxic respiratory failure(83 cases) patients are more common than trauma(37 cases) and ventilatory failure Total CPR rate related with ventilator management are 25.3%. The mean duration of admission are 12.56±20.28 days, and the death rates are 45.3%. The incidence of complications occurred during ventilator management in ED are 37 cases. About seven questions suggested by us to 30 ED staffs(ED physician, nurses and paramedics), most frequent answer is the difficulty of keeping ventilator in ED because other department rent ventilator from ED and lost a part of ventilator. Conclusion : As the use of ventilator in ED is increased the emergency physician should be well trained for the indications, complications, setting mode and general problems of machine occurred during ventilator management in ED patients.

대구 상인동 가스참사로 본 지역 응급의료체계에 대한 고찰

이삼범,도호석,도병수,이창현,심민철,권굉보 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Disaster may be defined as a sudden calamitous event associated with great damage or destruction. A more common definition, among emergency-preparedness planners, is a medical occurrence that overwhelms medical care systems and facilities. Most regional disaster plans are formulated to respond to disasters of moderate size. At 07:50 A.M. on 28 April 1995, gas explosion was happened at Sangin-Dong where was going to be under construction of subway in Taegu, Korea. 102 victims had died and 178 victims had moderate or minor injuries. Problems in the organization at the scene, triage, field management, transport to the hospital, and the communication contributed to the confusion in the management of victims. An analysis of this disaster allows several lessons to be learn about perimeter control, command functions, crowd control, and transportation priorities. It will benefit disaster planners in other communities.

N Use Efficiency and Nitrate Leaching by Fertilization Level and Film Mulching in Sesame Cultivated Upland

Dong-Wook Lee,Ki-Do Park,Chang-Young Park,Il-Soo Son,Ui-Gum Kang,Jee-Yeon Ko,Kang-Bo Shim,Young-Son Cho,Sung-Tae Park 韓國作物學會 2007 Korean journal of crop science Vol.52 No.3

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of slow release fertilizers (SRF), crotonylidene diurea (CDU) and latex coated urea (LCU), on nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) and nitrate-N leaching in a silty clay loam soil under polyethylene film mulching (PFM) for sesame cultivation. In PFM plot, concentrations of NO3-N and NH4-N in SRF applied soils were less than that in the urea plot during the whole growing period. However, NO3-N and NH4-N in all the non-mulched plots (NM) were not significantly different. Urea-N in soil treated with SRF was higher than urea plot until 50 days after application and was comparable in all the treatments after 50 days. NO3-N concentrations in leached solution in 21 days after urea fertilization in PFM and NM were 26 mg L-1 and 83 mg L-1 , respectively. However, NO3-N in leached solution at applied CDU and LCU was less than that of urea similar to nitrate concentration in soil. NO3-N in leached solution in applied CDU and LCU in 44 days after application was about 25% lower than that urea plot and PFM, while the NO3-N concentration of CDU and LCU treatment in NM did not changed. Application of SRF increased the yield of sesame and N recovery compared to urea and there was a little difference between SRF and N levels. In conclusion, application of 80% N level with SRF increased N recovery and reduced nitrate leaching without reduction of yields compared with urea application.

N Use Efficiency and Nitrate Leaching by Fertilization Level and Film Mulching in Sesame Cultivated Upland

Lee, Dong-Wook,Park, Ki-Do,Park, Chang-Young,Son, Il-Soo,Kang, Ui-Gum,Ko, Jee-Yeon,Shim, Kang-Bo,Cho, Young-Son,Park, Sung-Tae The Korean Society of Crop Science 2007 Korean journal of crop science Vol.52 No.3

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of slow release fertilizers (SRF), crotonylidene diurea (CDU) and latex coated urea (LCU), on nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) and nitrate-N leaching in a silty clay loam soil under polyethylene film mulching (PFM) for sesame cultivation. In PFM plot, concentrations of $NO_3-N$ and $NH_4-N$ in SRF applied soils were less than that in the urea plot during the whole growing period. However, $NO_3-N$ and $NH_4-N$ in all the non-mulched plots (NM) were not significantly different. Urea-N in soil treated with SRF was higher than urea plot until 50 days after application and was comparable in all the treatments after 50 days. $NO_3-N$ concentrations in leached solution in 21 days after urea fertilization in PFM and NM were 26 mg $L^{-1}$ and 83 mg $L^{-1}$, respectively. However, $NO_3-N$ in leached solution at applied CDU and LCU was less than that of urea similar to nitrate concentration in soil. $NO_3-N$ in leached solution in applied CDU and LCU in 44 days after application was about 25% lower than that urea plot and PFM, while the $NO_3-N$ concentration of CDU and LCU treatment in NM did not changed. Application of SRF increased the yield of sesame and N recovery compared to urea and there was a little difference between SRF and N levels. In conclusion, application of 80% N level with SRF increased N recovery and reduced nitrate leaching without reduction of yields compared with urea application.

소화기 ; 담관암세포주에서 내인성 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 배위자인 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2의 항암 효과

정성훈 ( Sung Hoon Jung ),김병호 ( Byung Ho Kim ),김영일 ( Young Il Kim ),심재준 ( Jae Jun Shim ),황보영 ( Bo Young Hwang ),장재영 ( Jae Young Jang ),동석호 ( Seok Ho Dong ),김효종 ( Hyo Jong Kim ),장영운 ( Young Woon Chang ),장 대한내과학회 2010 대한내과학회지 Vol.78 No.1

목적: PPAR gamma 배위자의 항암 효과는 다양한 암세포에서 보고되었으나 담관암에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 한국인 간내담관암에서 확립한 암세포주를 대상으로 내인성 PPAR gamma 배위자인 15-deoxy-PGJ2의 항암 효과와 그 기전에 관하여 알아보았다. 방법: Cho-CK, Choi-CK, JCK, SCK의 네 가지 간내담관암 세포주를 사용하였다. RT-PCR 방법으로 PPAR gamma, bcl-2, bax 각 유전자의 mRNA 발현을 측정하였다. 세포증식 분석은 MTT assay, 세포주기 분석은 flow cytometry, 세포자 멸사 분석은 cell death detection ELISAplus kit를 사용하였다. 또한 Caspase 활성도 측정을 위해 caspase colorimetric assay kit를 사용하였고, MTT assay를 통해서 caspase 억제제가 15-deoxy-PGJ2의 암세포증식 억제를 차단하는지 알아보았다. 결과: 모든 담관암세포주에서 PPAR gamma mRNA가 발현 되었다. 15-deoxy-PGJ2를 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 mM 농도로 투여하여 72시간 배양하였을 때 모든 세포주에서 용량 및 시간 의존적으로 세포증식이 억제되었다. 세포주기 분석 결과 25 mM 15-deoxy-PGJ2 투여 48시간 후 모든 세포주에서 세포자멸사 분획이 증가하였으며 세포자멸사 유도 효과는 용량 의존적이었다. 25 mM 15-deoxy-PGJ2를 투여한 후 48시간까지 caspase 활성도를 측정하였는데, caspase 3 활성도는 모든 세포주에서 caspase 9 활성도는 JCK를 제외한 나머지 세포주에서 유의하게 증가하였으며 caspase 8 활성도는 별 변화가 없었다. Pancaspase 억제제인 Z-VAD-FMK와 caspase-3 억제제인 Z-DEVD-FMK를 투여한 경우 15-deoxy-PGJ2의 암세포증식 억제 효과가 48시간 이후 농도 의존적으로 차단되었으며, 이러한 효과는 모든 세포주에서 나타났다. 각 세포주에 15-deoxy-PGJ2를 투여 한 후 48시간까지 bcl-2 및 bax gene의 발현 유무를 관찰하였는데, bcl-2 mRNA는 Cho-CK, Choi-CK, SCK 세포 주에서 유의하게 감소하였으나 bax의 경우 모든 세포주에서 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 결론: 한국인 간내담관암세포주 모두에서 PPAR gamma mRNA가 발현됨을 알 수 있었고, 내인성 PPAR gamma 배위 자인 15-deoxy-PGJ2가 세포자멸사 유도를 통해 담관암세포 증식을 용량 및 시간 의존적으로 억제하였다. Background/Aims: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ ligand is known to inhibit the growth of several kinds of cancer cells, yet its effect on cholangiocarcinoma is indecisive. We investigated the effect of an endogenous ligand of PPAR-γ, 15-deoxy-δ (12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15-deoxy-PGJ2) on cholangiocarcinoma cells that were established from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma tissue of Korean patients. Methods: Four cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, Cho-CK, Choi-CK, JCK and SCK, were studied. The mRNA expression of PPAR-γ, bcl-2, and bax were examined by RT-PCR. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry, and apoptosis by cell death detection ELISA kit. Caspase activity was measured by colorimetric assay. The effect of caspase inhibitors on 15-deoxy-PGJ2-induced apoptosis was determined by measuring cell viability using the MTT assay. Results: PPAR-γ mRNA was expressed in all cholangiocarcinoma cells. 15-deoxy-PGJ2 inhibited proliferation of all cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. All cells treated with 15-deoxy-PGJ2 showed increased dose-dependent apoptosis. Caspase 3 was activated in all cells and caspase 9 was activated in all but JCK cells after 15-deoxy-PGJ2 treatment. Caspase 8 activity showed no significant change. The pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, and the caspase-3 inhibitor, Z-DEVD-FMK, blocked 15-deoxy-PGJ2-induced apoptosis in all cells dose-dependently. The expression of bcl-2 was decreased in Cho-CK, Choi-CK and SCK cells, and bax expression was not changed significantly after 15-deoxy-PGJ2 treatment. Conclusions: PPAR-γ mRNA was expressed in all Korean cholangiocarcinoma cells. Our data suggest that 15-deoxy-PGJ2 exerts an antineoplastic effect against cholangiocarcinoma cells by inducing apoptosis through caspase activation. (Korean J Med 78:75-86, 2010)

Phthalic Anhydride Can Induce the Difference on Skin Inflammation and Interleukin-4 Expression in BALB/c, TG2576 and NOD Mice

Chang Joon Bae,Min Sun Kim,Su Youn Yim,Dae Youn Hwang,Cheul Kyu Kim,Byoung Guk Kim,Sun Bo Shim,Seung Wan Jee,Su Hae Lee,Ji Soon Sin,Byoung Chun Lee,Jong Min Woo,Mee Kyung Jang,Kab Ryong Chae 한국실험동물학회 2008 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.24 No.1

Allergic disease such as atopic dermatitis, asthma and rhinitis is an immune disease characterized by the skin inflammation and the abnormal expression of cytokines including interleukin. It has been reported that the immune response is differently changed according to a kind of a chemical allergens or an inbred mouse strain. However, in preview studies, there have been no trials to elucidate an allergic response in the chronic diseases model. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether a phthalic anhydride (PA) as chemical allergen would impact on the immonological factors of several disease model such as TG2576 (Alzheimer’s disease model) or NOD (type I diabetes disease model). To accomplish this, the 15% (w/v) PA solution was repeatedly spread on the ear’s dorsum of three types of animals including BALB/c, TG2576 and NOD mice and the ear thickness of them was measured by vernier calipers for 12 days. After treatment, the immune response-related factors were detected in the lymph node of three kinds of mice, respectively. The ear thickness indicating degree of skin inflammation was significantly increased in the TG2576 and NOD mice compared with BALB/c mice. Also, interleukin-4 in auricular lymph node was significantly changed in the disease model mice. These findings suggest that the PA solution as chemical allergen can induce the difference on skin inflammation and interleukin-4 expression as the allergic-related immunological factors among the BALB/c, TG2576, NOD mice.