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Causas e implicaciones del fin a la multipropiedad en el fútbol mexicano
Carlos Alfonso Macías Valadez Elias 한국외국어대학교 중남미연구소 2015 중남미연구 Vol.34 No.2
The soccer multi-ownership exists when the same person or company owns two or more football clubs at the same time in a professional league. This practice has been considered by FIFA, and conditioned according to its statutes, to protect the integrity of this sport, due to the fact that if two soccer teams are playing in the same competition and both of them are owned by the same individual, this could have an adverse effect on the truthfulness of the competition. Under this consideration, or even in spite of that, the soccer multi-ownership has existed in Mexico since 1982. Surprisingly, in May 2013, the Mexican Football Federation, after 31 years, announced the gradual abolition of this practice. The causes of this measure were not completely clarified, and presumably are not related to a FIFA’s direct command or pressure, but to an internal struggle of interests among the Mexican soccer team owners. Particularly, it is believed that Grupo Televisa and Grupo Salinas, which are the conglomerates that apparently are in control of the professional soccer in Mexico, are behind that decision taken by the Mexican Football Federation. Throughout this analysis, based on a professional academic methodology aimed to find objective causalities among the facts occurred around the issue, the causes of the ban of the soccer multi-ownership in Mexico shall be examined.
Carlos Walter Sobrado Júnior,Carlos de Almeida Obregon,Afonso Henrique da Silva e Sousa Júnior,Lucas Faraco Sobrado,Sérgio Carlos Nahas,Ivan Cecconello 대한대장항문학회 2020 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.36 No.4
Purpose: Present an updated classification for symptomatic hemorrhoids, which not only guides the treatment of internal hemorrhoids but also the treatment of external components. In addition, this new classification includes new treatment alternatives created over the last few years. Methods: Throughout the past 7 years, the authors developed a method to classify patients with symptomatic hemorrhoids. This study, besides presenting this classification proposal, also retrospectively analyzed 149 consecutive patients treated between March 2011 and November 2013 and aimed to evaluate the association between the management adopted with Goligher classification and our proposed BPRST classification. Results: Both classifications had a statistically significant association with the adopted management strategies. However, the BPRST classification tended to have fewer management discrepancies when each stage of disease was individually analyzed. Conclusion: Although there is much disagreement about how the classification of hemorrhoidal disease should be updated, it is accepted that some kind of revision is needed. The BPRST method showed a strong association with the management that should be adopted for each stage of the disease. Further studies are needed for its validation, but the current results are encouraging.
Antonio Carlos Soares Pantaleão,Marcio Pinto de Castro,Krishynan Shanty Fernandes Meirelles Araujo,Carlos Frederico Ferreira Campos,André Luiz Alves da Silva,José Eduardo Ferreira Manso,João Carlos Ma 대한초음파의학회 2022 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.41 No.4
Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the ability of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to diagnose the initial stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a rat model. Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats were allocated to control or experimental groups. A high-fat diet (HFD) with 20% fructose and 2% cholesterol, resembling a common Western diet, was fed to animals in the experimental groups for up to 16 weeks; those in the control group received a regular diet. A 21 MHz UBM system was used to acquire B-mode images at specific times: baseline (T0), 10 weeks (T10), and 16 weeks (T16). The sonographic hepatorenal index (SHRI), based on the average ultrasound image gray-level intensities from the liver parenchyma and right renal cortex, was determined at T0, T10, and T16. The liver specimen histology was classified using the modified Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network NAFLD activity scoring system. Results: The livers in the animals in the experimental groups progressed from sinusoidal congestion and moderate macro- and micro-vesicular steatosis to moderate steatosis and frequent hepatocyte ballooning. The SHRI obtained in the experimental group animals at T10 and T16 was significantly different from the SHRI of pooled control group. No significant difference existed between the SHRI in animals receiving HFD between T10 and T16.Conclusion: SHRI measurement using UBM may be a promising noninvasive tool to characterize early-stage NAFLD in rat models.
New species of Atomaria Stephens, 1829 (Coleoptera, Cryptophagidae) from China and Taiwan
Carlos Otero José,Manuel Pereira Martínez José 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.2
Two new species of Atomaria Stephens, 1829 from China and Taiwan are described and illustrated: Atomaria (Atomaria) cooterisp. nov. and Atomaria (Atomaria) johnsoni sp. nov. New records for China and Taiwan are added: Atomaria (Atomaria) klapperichi Johnson, 1971 and Atomaria (Atomaria) plecta Lyubarsky, 1995. New subgeneric combinations are proposed for Atomaria (Atomaria) klapperichi, Atomaria (Atomaria) plecta and Atomaria (Atomaria) torrida Johnson, 1971. LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6A3DCCBE-8978-4D2C-B366-56C9ECEA51A4.
El Acuerdo del Pacífico, un Nuevo Horizonte para la Integración Americana
Carlos Alfonso Macias Valadez 부산외국어대학교 중남미지역원 2011 이베로아메리카 Vol.13 No.2
Several attempts aimed at integrating the Americas have emerged since the independence movements in this continent, until these current times. Nevertheless, these efforts have been, somehow, scarce and fruitless. Thus, nowadays the integration level in the American Continent is, relatively, meager if it is taken into account the outstanding evolution of the European amalgamation. Undoubtedly, in this current globalization dynamic, the economic integration has been the most viable, pragmatic and convenient kind of integration for the nations around the world. Due to the previously stated, it has been pursued by most of the countries in recent decades. In this regard, it could be argued that this kind of alliances has been successfully achieved at a sub-regional level in the Americas, mentioning blocs such as: Andean Community of Nations, MERCOSUR and NAFTA. Notwithstanding, the proposals aimed at achieving a hemispherical economic integration, such as ALCA or ALBA, have been unsuccessful. However, finally after a tough evolutionary process, it has emerged an encouraging agreement that will change the course of history in the Americas: Acuerdo del Pacifico. This aforementioned treatment, signed on 28th April 2011, not only establishes a common market among Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru; but also, at the same time, traces a new path for the American integration. Throughout this academic research, the origins and development of Acuerdo del Pacifico shall be deeply analyzed, as well as the existing connections and implications among this agreement, ALBA and ALCA.
Analytical Equations for Interfacial Stresses of Composite Beams Due to Shrinkage
Carlos Zanuy 한국강구조학회 2015 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.15 No.4
Long term effects due to shrinkage may lead to deformations in steel-concrete composite members that are to be taken into account in the verification of the in-service condition. Simultaneously, tangential and normal stresses develop at the connection between concrete and steel and they can result in uplift effects, especially in end regions. In this paper, an analytical model is presented and closed-form solutions are derived in order to quantify deflections of composite members with partial interaction, as well as stresses and relative displacements at the connection. It is shown that deflections and tangential stresses/ slips can be properly obtained if equal curvatures between the components of the composite member are assumed. Nevertheless, such a hypothesis must be abandoned in order to reproduce uplift effects at the interface and a new model is presented to derive the distribution of normal stresses.