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Hemodynamic Controller for Left Ventricular Assist Device Based on Pulsatility Ratio
Choi, Seongjin,Boston, J. Robert,Antaki, James F. WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC 2007 Artificial Organs Vol.31 No.2
<P>Abstract: </P><P>Hemodynamic control of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) is generally a complicated problem due to diverse operating environments and the variability of the patients: both the changes in the circulatory and metabolic parameters as well as disturbances that require adjustment to the operating point. This challenge is especially acute with control of turbodynamic blood pumps. This article presents a pulsatility ratio controller for LVAD that provides a proper perfusion according to the physiological demands of the patient, while avoiding adverse conditions. It utilizes the pulsatility ratio of the flow through the pump and pressure difference across the pump as a control index and adjusts the pump speed according to the reference pulsatility ratio under the different operating conditions. The simulation studies were performed to evaluate the controller in consideration of the sensitivity to afterload and preload, influence of the contractility, and effect of suction sensitivity. The controller successfully adjusts the pump speed according to the reference pulsatility ratio, and supports the natural heart under diverse pump operating conditions. The resulting safe pump operations demonstrate the solid performance of the controller in terms of sensitivity to afterload and preload, influence of the contractility, and effect of suction sensitivity. </P>
Benjamin D. Renelus,Daniel S. Jamorabo,Iman Boston,William M. Briggs,John M. Poneros 대한소화기내시경학회 2021 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.54 No.2
Background/Aims: Studies comparing the utility of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) andendoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) for solid pancreatic lesions have been inconclusive with no clearsuperiority. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the diagnostic accuracy and safety between the two sampling techniques. Methods: We performed a systematic search of randomized controlled trials published between 2012 and 2019. The primaryoutcome was overall diagnostic accuracy. Secondary outcomes included adverse event rates, cytopathologic and histopathologicaccuracy, and the mean number of passes required to obtain adequate tissue between FNA and FNB needles. Fixed and randomeffect models with pooled estimates of target outcomes were developed. Results: Eleven studies involving 1,365 participants were included for analysis. When compared to FNB, FNA had a significantreduction in diagnostic accuracy (81% and 87%, p=0.005). In addition, FNA provided reduced cytopathologic accuracy (82% and89%, p=0.04) and an increased number of mean passes required compared to FNB (2.3 and 1.6, respectively, p<0.0001). There wasno difference in adverse event rate between FNA and FNB needles (1.8% and 2.3% respectively, p=0.64). Conclusions: FNB provides superior diagnostic accuracy without compromising safety when compared to FNA. FNB should bereadily considered by endosonographers when evaluating solid pancreatic masses.
Distribution of injected fat-soluble vitamins in plasma and tissues of nursery pigs
Jang Young Dal,Rotering Mikayla J.,Isensee Paige K.,Rinholen Kirsten A.,Boston-Denton Carli J.,Kelley Paige G.,Stuart Robert L. 아세아·태평양축산학회 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.12
Objective: The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of fat-soluble vitamin injection on plasma and tissue vitamin status in nursery pigs. Methods: A total of 16 pigs (initial body weight: 7.15±1.1 kg) were allotted to 2 treatments at d 7 post-weaning. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet with no supplemental vitamin A and i.m. injected with 300,000 IU of retinyl palmitate, 900 IU of d-α-tocopherol and 30,000 IU of vitamin D3 with control pigs having no vitamin injection. Blood (d 0, 3, 7, and 14 post-injection) and tissue samples (liver, brain, heart, lung, and muscle; d 7 and 14 post-injection) were collected from pigs. Retinyl palmitate, retinol, and α-tocopherol concentrations were analyzed in plasma and tissues, while plasma was assayed for 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3). Results: Plasma retinol and 25-OHD3 concentrations increased by the vitamin injection from d 3 to 14 post-injection (p<0.05) whereas plasma retinyl palmitate was detected only in the vitamin treatment at d 3 and 7 post-injection (115.51 and 4.97 μg/mL, respectively). Liver retinol, retinyl palmitate, and retinol+retinyl palmitate concentrations increased by retinyl palmitate injection at d 7 and 14 post-injection (p<0.05) whereas those were not detected in the other tissues. The d-α-tocopherol injection increased α-tocopherol concentrations in plasma at d 3 and 7 post-injection (p<0.05) and in liver, heart (p<0.10), and muscle (p<0.05) at d 7 post-injection. Conclusion: Fat-soluble vitamin injection increased plasma status of α-tocopherol, retinol, retinyl palmitate and 25-OHD3. As plasma levels decreased post-injection, vitamin A level in liver and vitamin E level in muscle, heart and liver increased. The α-tocopherol found in plasma after injection was distributed to various tissues but retinyl palmitate only to the liver.
A program for cost estimation of forest road construction using engineer’s method
Ismael Ghajar,Akbar Najafi,Amir Mohsen Karimimajd,Kevin Boston,Seyed Ali Torabi 한국산림과학회 2013 Forest Science And Technology Vol.9 No.3
Modeling the cost of road construction is a prerequisite for evaluation and planning of different alternatives for low-volume road networks included in a forest management plan. In this paper, a model for cost estimation of forest roads is presented, based on the standard engineering properties of cross sections and the location-specific parameters of terrain slope and vegetation information. The model assumes six main cost elements of clearing operations, embankment, pavement, grading, culverts and ditch for total construction cost calculation. To validate the performance, the outputs of the model were compared with the experts’ prediction for an existing forest road project in a mountain condition. The final result of the research showed that the model could estimate total cost of road construction in an accuracy range of 6.5%. The results of the validation process showed a 66.51% underestimate for clearing operation, 3.56% underestimate for embankment, 3.85% underestimate for surfacing, 3.32% underestimate for culverts, 20.54% underestimate for ditch excavation, and 22.33% overestimate for grading of the cut slope and travel way. According to the reasonable estimation for total cost, the model could be applied as an evaluation function in finding the optimized layout of a forest road network.