Practice of Ethnobotanical Plants for the Treatment of Jaundice among Tharu Tribe of Far Western Nepal

( Pragya Bhatt ),( Madhusudan Subedi ),( Rajendra Dev Bhatt ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Ethnomedicine is a system of therapy using natural agents and their derivatives to treat ailments by the ethnic communities. This study was aimed to analyze and record the knowledge of ethnomedicinal plants for treating liver disorders among tharu tribe of far western Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional observational study was conducted in ten Tharu Tribe inhabited villages of Kanchanpur district of Far West Nepal. Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA), ‘Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were employed to collect data from four Guruwas, the main traditional healer, as key informants, some knowledgeable persons, (but not Guruwas) as informants and some youths in Tharu tribes, categorizing them into three groups. The information shared was further discussed among all three groups. Results: This study enumerated an encouraging data of 39 plant species being used for the treatment of liver and related diseases by tharu community. Out of these, 9 plant species (8 families) were solely used for jaundice and biliary ailments.33 other plant species were also recorded for being used to cure digestive system related disorders which might be related to liver diseases.Fresh plants and their parts including leaves (maximum used), barks, fruits, flowers, roots, rhizome and latex in the form of juice, powder, decoction, and paste and pulverized were used and administered by oral route. Some dietary restrictions (no alcohol, less oil etc.) were also made during medication. Consult the Guruwas for traditional healing was found to be the first choice for jaundice in the selected community. Around 43% jaundiced get well with traditional treatment while rest of the patients visited hospitals. Conclusions: A proper documentation and further elaborated research for ethnomedicinal plant being used by this tribal people is essential to understand the mechanism of action of these plants for jaundice and other liver diseases.

UNIT-WISE SEPARATION POSTULATES

Bhatt, Piyush,Singh, Darshan Department of Mathematics 1982 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.22 No.2

Effect of Different Seasons on the Performance of Grey Giant Rabbits under Sub-Temperate Himalayan Conditions

Bhatt, R.S.,Sharma, S.R.,Singh, Umesh,Kumar, Davendra,Bhasin, V. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.6

An experiment was conducted on 190 progeny (winter -74; summer -59; rainy -57) of 12 Grey Giant rabbits (10 female +2 males), to assess the effect of different seasons in a year, on their reproductive, growth and productive performances along with feed efficiency, under sub-temperate Himalayan conditions. The daily meteorological attributes recorded during winter (October to March), summer (April to June) and rainy (July to September) seasons, and analysed were minimum and maximum temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. Various biological parameters recorded were doe weights at mating and kindling, litter size at birth, litter weight at birth, kit mortality, litter size at weaning, litter weight at weaning, weekly body weight up to 98 d and weaner mortality. Individual weight gains, dressing percentages, meat weights, liver weights, raw-pelt weights, processed pelt weights and processed pelt areas at slaughter on d 84 and 98, respectively were also recorded. The feed and fodder compositions and their nutritive values during different seasons were also analysed. Average ambient temperature during winter, summer and rainy seasons were $13.2{\pm}2.8$, $22.4{\pm}3.7$ and $24.8{\pm}2.3^{\circ}C$, respectively. The average relative humidity and total rainfall for winter, summer and rainy seasons were $68.9{\pm}1.5$% and $48{\pm}26.6$mm, $66.3{\pm}4.8$% and $125.6{\pm}56.8$ mm, and $77.3{\pm}1.3$% and $116.3{\pm}90.4$ mm, respectively. The weight of doe at mating and kindling, litter size at birth, litter weight at birth and litter size at weaning were comparatively higher whereas litter weight at weaning was significantly (p<0.05) higher during winter as compared to summer and rainy seasons. The kit mortality was significantly (p<0.05) higher during winter while the weaner mortality was significantly (p<0.05) higher during rainy season. At 84 d, the live weight per doe, slaughter weight, dressing percentage and liver weight were significantly (p<0.05) higher during winter than summer and rainy. Similarly, the gain in weight and meat weight at 84 and 98 d were significantly (p<0.05) higher during winter. The weight of raw pelt and processed pelt were recorded significantly (p<0.05) higher during winter while no difference in the area of processed pelts during different seasons could be observed. No difference in the biological performance could be observed between sexes in any of the seasons. Roughage analysis revealed comparatively higher crude protein percent and lower crude fibre percent during summer and rainy seasons than in winter. The roughage dry matter intake was comparatively higher during summer and rainy seasons vis-a-vis constant amount of concentrate supplied during all the three seasons. The digestibilities of dry matter was significantly (p<0.05) lower, whereas that of crude fiber, acid detergent fibre and cellulose were negative during winter. Interestingly, the feed:gain was exceedingly well during winter than in other seasons and it is concluded that it was the best season for production of rabbits under sub-temperate Himalayan conditions.

GENERALIZED UNITS: THE POINT-LIKE SETS

Bhatt, Piyush,Singh, Darshan Department of Mathematics 1982 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.22 No.1

C-peptide protects against hyperglycemic memory and vascular endothelial cell apoptosis

Bhatt, Mahendra Prasad,Lee, Yeon-Ju,Jung, Se-Hui,Kim, Yong Ho,Hwang, Jong Yun,Han, Eun-Taek,Park, Won Sun,Hong, Seok-Ho,Kim, Young-Myeong,Ha, Kwon-Soo Bioscientifica 2016 The Journal of endocrinology Vol.231 No.1

<P>C-peptide exerts protective effects against diabetic complications; however, its role in inhibiting hyperglycemic memory (HGM) has not been elucidated. We investigated the beneficial effect of C-peptide on HGM-induced vascular damage <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> using human umbilical vein endothelial cells and diabetic mice. HGM induced apoptosis by persistent generation of intracellular ROS and sustained formation of ONOO<SUP>−</SUP> and nitrotyrosine. These HGM-induced intracellular events were normalized by treatment with C-peptide, but not insulin, in endothelial cells. C-peptide also inhibited persistent upregulation of p53 and activation of mitochondrial adaptor p66<SUP>shc</SUP> after glucose normalization. Further, C-peptide replacement therapy prevented persistent generation of ROS and ONOO<SUP>−</SUP> in the aorta of diabetic mice whose glucose levels were normalized by the administration of insulin. C-peptide, but not insulin, also prevented HGM-induced endothelial apoptosis in the murine diabetic aorta. This study highlights a promising role for C-peptide in preventing HGM-induced intracellular events and diabetic vascular damage.</P>

The Concepts of Buddha and Bodhisattva

Bhatt, S.R. International Association for Buddhist Thought & C 2002 International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Cultur Vol.1 No.-

The present paper attempts to deal with the concepts of Buddha and Bodhisattva as they are understood philosophically rather than historically, though historical perspective cannot be divorced from the philosophical one. Sakyamuni or Gautama, the Buddha, is at once both a historical figure and a body of ideas. It is only the latter which is taken into consideration here. Similarly there is no reference to any particular Bodhisattva revered in the tradition. The basic objective is to put forth those ideas and ideas and ideals and beliefs and practices for which the concepts of Buddha and Bodhisattva stand. Historically the Buddha and the Bodhisattva have lived by these ideas and ideals but the present paper only analysis the latter for pragmatic purpose so that they may be universalized and emulated in the contemporary times by strife-torn and violence-infected world. It specially focuses in the Karuna-centricity of these concepts correlation them with enhancment of quality of life and achievement of excellences. Mahakaruna or universal compassion is not just to be thought over or talked about but to be translated in action through proper and adequate endeavour (upaya kausala). Mahakaruna, therefore, must fructify in enhancement of quality of life and achievement of excellences (Paramitas).

Photocatalytic properties of intrinsically defective undoped bismuth vanadate (BiVO₄) photocatalyst: A DFT study

Bhatt, Mahesh Datt,Lee, Jin Yong Elsevier 2018 Journal of electroanalytical chemistry Vol.828 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Monoclinic clinobisvanite BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> is one of the most promising photocatalyst due to its stability, low cost, narrow band gap, and suitable valence band maximum (VBM) position. The valence band maximum of about −7.10 eV at vacuum level was observed, which is well below the redox potential of water. However, the conduction band minimum, CBM of about −4.86 eV at vacuum level, which was responsible for its low efficiency. The presence of metal (Bi or V) vacancy changed the charge density and VBM of pristine BiVO<SUB>4</SUB>. Our calculated results revealed that 0.04% of the intrinsic Bi or V defects enhanced p-type conductivity and hence improved photocatalytic activity than O-interstitial in pristine BiVO<SUB>4</SUB>. The optical properties of both pristine and intrinsically defective BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> were calculated and analyzed with perspective of their photocatalytic properties. Conclusively, the role of Bi or V (metal) vacancies in pristine BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> was found to be significant than O interstitials in enhancing the photocatalytic properties regarding the solar water splitting.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The electronic structure of pristine and intrinsically defective BiVO4 was investigated by DFT. </LI> <LI> The CBM of BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> was calculated to be -4.86 eV at vacuum level, which is responsible for its low efficiency. </LI> <LI> Bi or V vacancies enhanced p-type conductivity and hence improved photocatalytic activity than O-interstitial in BiVO<SUB>4</SUB>. </LI> </UL> </P>

Electrocatalytic property of water oxidation reaction depends on charging state of intermediates on Ag-M (M = Fe, co, Ni, Cu) in alkaline media

Bhatt, Mahesh Datt,Lee, Geunsik,Lee, Jae Sung,Lee, Jin Yong Elsevier 2019 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.44 No.12

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>DFT calculations are performed to investigate the water oxidation reaction intermediates on Ag<SUB>2</SUB>M (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu), and Pt<SUB>3</SUB> clusters in alkaline media both in the gas and solution (water) phases in the neutral and charged states. The calculated results revealed that the neutral and anionic clusters were found to be more suitable catalysts than cationic clusters because of weakly bonded water oxidation reaction intermediates. In addition, the calculated structural parameters of the water oxidation intermediates with Ag<SUB>2</SUB>M (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) clusters revealed that M-OH bond strengths are found to be in the order of Cu < Ni < Co < Fe. Conclusively, Ag<SUB>2</SUB>Cu cluster was determined to be the best electrocatalyst regarding oxygen evolution reaction via 4e transfer, which is consistent with results on larger Ag<SUB>2</SUB>M clusters (13 atoms) and periodic Ag-M nanoalloys due to weaker binding energies of the water oxidation intermediates.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ag<SUB>2</SUB>M (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu), and Pt<SUB>3</SUB> clusters were considered as electro-catalysts for OER. </LI> <LI> Neutral and anionic clusters were found to be more suitable catalysts than cationic clusters. </LI> <LI> MOH bond strengths are found to be in the order of Cu < Ni < Co < Fe. </LI> <LI> Ag<SUB>2</SUB>Cu cluster was determined to be the best electrocatalyst regarding oxygen evolution reaction via 4e transfer. </LI> </UL> </P>

Seasonal Production Performance of Angora Rabbits under Sub-temperate Himalayan Conditions

Bhatt, R.S.,Sharma, S.R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.3

An experiment of one-year duration was conducted on sixteen adult male German Angora rabbits under sub-temperate Himalayan conditions, to assess the effect of seasons on their body weight, wool production and quality, plane of nutrition and the digestibilities of nutrients. The daily meteorological attribute viz. minimum and maximum temperature; relative humidity and rainfall were recorded during winter (October to March), summer (April to June) and rainy (July to September) seasons. Biological parameters viz. body weight at the time of shearing, wool yield of individual rabbit, quality attributes of wool, fortnightly dry matter intake, chemical composition of feed and fodder and digestibilities of nutrients were recorded. Average minimum and maximum ambient temperature during winter, summer and rainy seasons were 4.6${\pm}$1.9 and 21.4${\pm}$2.8; 13.6${\pm}$2 and 30.3${\pm}$2; and 20.0${\pm}$1.4 and $31.0{\pm}1.8^{\circ}C$, respectively. The average relative humidity and total rainfall during winter, summer and rainy season were 69.5${\pm}$2.9% and 74.7${\pm}$21.8 mm; 58.6${\pm}$2.2% and 38.1${\pm}$18.1 mm; and 69${\pm}$4.2% and 104.0${\pm}$43.7 mm, respectively. The body weight of rabbits increased during all seasons, however, the maximum average daily weight gain of 3.47${\pm}$0.1 g was observed during the rainy season. The wool yield differed significantly (p$\leq$0.05) among different seasons with highest (140.4${\pm}$10 g) and lowest (108.5${\pm}$6.9 g) during winter and summer, respectively. The wool yield during the rainy season was 123.3${\pm}$5.2 g. The wool quality attributes revealed non-significant differences for staple length, fiber diameter, medulation percent, percent pure fibers and percent guard hairs. Plane of nutrition revealed significant (p$\leq$0.05) differences for concentrate intake. The concentrate intake was highest during winter (124.4${\pm}$2.6 g) followed by summer (86.8${\pm}$8.9 g) and rainy (80.7${\pm}$11.8 g) seasons. The reverse trend was observed in roughage intake with significantly (p${\leq}$0.05) lower intake during winter and highest during summer months. As a result total dry matter intake during different seasons was similar. Significant differences (p${\leq}$0.05) were observed for digestibilities of crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, acid detergent fiber and cellulose. Digestibility of crude protein was highest during winter whereas the digestibilities of crude fiber, ether extract, acid detergent fiber and cellulose remained higher during the rainy season. During the winter season, the dry matter used for producing 100 g of wool was substantially lower than during other seasons and was concluded to be the best season for production of Angora wool under subtemperate Himalayan conditions.

Effect of doping on metal doped semiconductor

Bhatt Mahesh Datt,Shugo Suzuki,Takeaki Sakurai,Katsuhiro Akimoto 한국물리학회 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.2

The effect of doping on position of interface states for metal doped bathocuproine (BCP) was studied with density functional theory (DFT). The doping of Ca atoms with BCP induces the formation of interface states with shift in their relative positions from Fermi level and approximately no shift in HOMO position of BCP molecule. The shift in the position of interface states towards higher binding energy was believed to be due to the presence of doping excess electrons from Ca at the interface. The analysis of modification in intensity of LUMO or EF or interface states, suggests the formation of multiply charged anions in heavily doped film. It clearly gives the direct evidence for the origin of the doping interface states in organic molecules. The effects of Ca doping on electrical properties were discussed.