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무농약 토마토재배에서 친환경자재와 담배장님노린재를 이용한 온실가루이 방제
김도익,고숙주,최덕수,강범룡,김선곤,최경주,김상수,황인천,Kim, Do-Ik,Ko, Sug-Ju,Choi, Duck-Soo,Kang, Beom-Ryong,Kim, Seon-Gon,Choi, Kyeong-Ju,Kim, Sang-Soo,Hwang, In-Cheon 한국유기농업학회 2012 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.20 No.1
무농약 재배 토마토에서 발생이 많은 온실가루이를 방제하기 위해 유기농자재를 이용하여 방제한 결과와 천적 방사시기 및 천적과 유기농자재를 적절하게 이용하기 위해 유기농 자재가 담배장님노린재에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 친환경농자재를 1주 간격 3회 연속 살포하면 $Beauveria$ $bassiana$, 고삼추출물, 제충국추출물, 멀구슬+고삼추출물, 고삼+계피추출물, 고삼추출물2가 70% 이상의 방제가를 보였다. 온실가루이 밀도가 높아진 이후 담배장님노린재를 방사하면 정착이 잘 되지 않아 방제가가 59.7%로 낮아 발생초기인 정식 1주일째부터 방사한 경우 5주째에 방제가가 90.8%로 높게 나타나 온실가루이를 방제할 수 있었다. 친환경 자재의 살포 방법별 담배장님노린재의 살충율은 살포 직후나 살포 후 약액이 다 마른 이후 천적을 방사하는 경우 살충율이 아주 낮았으나 방사이후 자재를 살포하면 67.7-70.5%의 살충율을 나타내므로 주의가 필요하였다. 그러나 해충인 온실가루이가 방제가 된 이후 담배장님노린재의 밀도가 급격히 증가하여 해충화 될 경우에는 멀구슬+고삼추출물과 제충국추출물, 고삼추출물을 살포할 필요가 있었다. Greenhouse whitefly, $Trialeurodes$ $Vaporariorum$, is the most important insect pest in environmental friendly tomato production. Natural enemies, $Nesidiocoris$ $tenuis$ and environmental friendly agricultural materials (EFAM) are major control agents in Korea. The aim of the present work is to evaluate release time of $N.$ $tenuis$ in controlling of $T.$ $vaporariorum$ and to select environmental friendly agricultural materials (EFAM) to suppress both $T.$ $vaporariorum$ and $N.$ $tenuis$ which if the density were high causing necrotic rings. Six EFAM selected to control of $Trialeurodes$ $Vaporariorum$ in three times spray with seven days intervals. Three EFAM showed high mortality 67.7-70.5% in spray after release plot but low in release after spray plot. It should be careful to spray with $N.$ $tenuis$. When $N.$ $tenuis$ were early release at 7 days after transplanting which before occurring and establishment of greenhouse whitefly, it could suppress the density. Extracts of bead tree + matrin, matrin 1, Chrysanthemum showed high mortality on $T.$ $vaporariorum$ adults and $N.$ $tenuis$. The results suggested that this three EFAM could be control agents of the damage of necrotic rings from $N.$ $tenuis$.
Sun-Kook Kim(김선국),Byeong-Sam Kim(김병삼),Beom-Ryong Kang(강범룡),Seung-Koo Yang(양승구),Byeong-Ho Kim(김병호),Hee-Kwon Kim(김희권),Hyun-Woo Kim(김현우),Kyeong-Ju Choi(최경주) 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.5
Organic grape was generally produced in rainshield or plastic greenhouse culture while most of fruits were produced in open field. But little attention has been given to soil properties with different culture facilities in organic grape cultivation. This study was conducted to investigate soil physico-chemical properties of organic grapes farms with different culture facilities and soil management practices. Organic fertilizer was main resource to manage soil at organic grapes farms. Organic grapes farms were applied with total amount of organic fertilizer at one time, either at basal or additional fertilization, whereas conventional grapes farms applied with split fertilization. Bulk density and penetration resistance of soil were lower at both rainshield and green manure-applied plastic greenhouse cultures than those at clean plastic greenhouse culture. Especially, in plastic greenhouse, sod culture with natural weed after green manure application was more effective than general sod culture in improving physical properties of the rhizosphere. The contents of organic matter, available phosphate and exchangeable potassium tended to increase in the soils applied with green manure, and the difference of soil chemical properties were significant between rainshield and plastic greenhouse cultures. The optimum soil management was required in plastic greenhouse because pH, available phosphate and exchangeable cations reached over optimum range. Consequently, the ground cover management is the key factor to affect the chemical properties as well as soil physical properties extensively in plastic greenhouse. It is found that sod culture with natural weed after green manure application resulted in enhancement of utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium in soil in comparison with general sod culture.