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Isolation and genetic characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus from equines in India
Baldev R. Gulati,Harisankar Singha,Birendra K. Singh,Nitin Virmani,Sanjay Kumar,Raj K. Singh 대한수의학회 2012 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.13 No.2
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an important vector-borne viral disease of humans and horses in Asia. JE outbreaks occur regularly amongst humans in certain parts of India and sporadic cases occur among horses. In this study, JE seroprevalence and evidence of JE virus (JEV) infection among horses in Haryana (India) is described. Antibodies against JEV were detected in 67 out of 637 (10.5%) horses screened between 2006 and 2010. Two foals exhibiting neurological signs were positive for JEV RNA by RT-PCR; JEV was isolated from the serum of one of the foals collected on the second day of illness. This is the first report of JEV isolation from a horse in India. Furthermore, a pool of mosquitoes collected from the premises housing these foals was positive for JEV RNA by RT-PCR. Three structural genes, capsid (C), premembrane (prM), and envelope (E) of the isolated virus (JE/eq/India/H225/2009) spanning 2,500 nucleotides (from 134 to 2,633) were cloned and sequenced. BLAST results showed that these genes had a greater than 97% nucleotide sequence identity with different human JEV isolates from India. Phylogenetic analysis based on Eand C/prM genes indicated that the equine JEV isolate belonged to genotype III and was closely related to the Vellore group of JEV isolates from India.
Serosurveillance for Japanese encephalitis virus infection among equines in India
Baldev R. Gulati,Harisankar Singha,Birendra K. Singh,Nitin Virmani,Sandip K. Khurana,Raj K. Singh 대한수의학회 2011 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.12 No.4
The seroprevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) among equines was evaluated from January 2006 to December 2009 in 13 different states of India by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and virus neutralization test (VNT). Antibodies against JEV were detected in 327 out of 3,286 (10%) equines with a maximum prevalence reported in the state of Manipur (91.7%) followed by Gujarat (18.5%), Madhya Pradesh (14.4%), and Uttar Pradesh (11.6%). Evidence of JEV infection was observed in equines in Indore (Madhya Pradesh) where a 4-fold or higher rise in antibody titer was observed in 21 out of 34 horses in November 2007 to October 2006. In March 2008, seven of these horses had a subsequent 4-fold rise in JEV antibody titers while this titer decreased in nine animals. JEV-positive horse sera had a JEV/WNV (West Nile virus) ratio over 2.0 according to the HI and/or VNT. These results indicated that JEV is endemic among equines in India.
A review on cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease
Preet Anand,Baldev Singh 대한약학회 2013 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.36 No.4
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressiveneurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the deficitsin the cholinergic system and deposition of beta amyloid(Ab) in the form of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloidplaques. Since the cholinergic system plays an importantrole in the regulation of learning and memory processes, ithas been targetted for the design of anti-Alzheimer’s drugs. Cholinesterase inhibitors enhance cholinergic transmissiondirectly by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase(AChE) which hydrolyses acetylcholine. Furthermore, ithas been also demonstrated that both acetylcholinesteraseand butrylcholinesterase (BuChE) play an important role inAb-aggregation during the early stages of senile plaqueformation. Therefore, AChE and BuChE inhibition havebeen documented as critical targets for the effectivemanagement of AD by an increase in the availability ofacetylcholine in the brain regions and decrease in the Abdeposition. This review discusses the different classes ofcholinesterase inhibitors including tacrine, donepezil,rivastigmine, galantamine, xanthostigmine, para-aminobenzoicacid, coumarin, flavonoid, and pyrrolo-isoxazoleanalogues developed for the treatment of AD.
Bashir Ahmad Dar,Meena Sharma,Baldev Singh,Arup Chakraborty,Parduman R. Sharma,Varsha Shrivastava,Amrita Bhowmik,Dushyant Vyas,Prince Bhatti 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.3
An easy to prepare aluminium pillared interlayered clay (PILC) has been developed as a stable, recyclable and heterogeneous catalyst to promote the one-pot three component synthesis of a-aminophosphonates under solvent-free conditions using grindstone chemistry. Utilization of mild reaction conditions, clean conversion and greater selectivity under grinding conditions along with effortless separation, and purification of reaction products make this process extra attractive.
Bashir A. Dar,Meena Sharma,Baldev Singh,Akshya K. Sahu,Praveen Patidar,Parduman R. Sharma,Nagaraju Mupparapu,Dushyant Vyas,Sudip Maity 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.2
The present research work is intended to synthesize a series of substituted 2,3-dihydro-2-phenylquinazolin-4(1H)-ones using clay-supported heteropolyacid as a novel heterogeneous, reusable and inexpensive catalyst. This catalyst afforded excellent yields in very short reaction times that shows high selectivity without affecting other functional groups, such as carbon–carbon double bond and heterocyclic moieties. The catalyst could be recycled at least six times and reused. The synthesis involves cyclo-condensation of anthranilamide with an aldehyde at room temperature in the presence of small amount of the catalyst. No column purification is required and products can be purified by simple crystallization.
Yashpal S. Malik,Kuldeep Sharma,Nirupama Vaid,Somendu Chakravarti,K. M. Chandrashekar,Sanjay S. Basera,Rashmi Singh,Minakshi,Gaya Prasad,Baldev R. Gulati,Kiren N. Bhilegaonkar,Awadh B. Pandey 대한수의학회 2012 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.13 No.3
The present study describes the genotypic distribution of rotaviruses (RVs) in an Indian bovine population with unexpectedly higher proportions of G3 alone or in combination of G8/G10. PCR-genotyping confirmed that 39.4% (13/33) of the prevalent RVs were the G3 type while 60.6% (20/33) were dual G3G10 or G3G8 types. P typing revealed that 93.9% (31/33) of the samples were P[11] while 6.1% (2/33) possessed a dual P[1]P[11] type. Sequence analysis of the VP7 gene from G3 strains viz. B-46, 0970, and BR-133 showed that these strains had sequence identities of 90.5% to 100% with other bovine G3 strains. The highest identity (98.9% to 100%) was observed with RUBV3 bovine G3 strains from eastern India. The G3 strains (B-46, 0970, and BR-133) showed 97.5% to 98.8% sequence homologies with the Indian equine RV strain Erv-80. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that G3 strains clustered with bovine RUBV3 and J-63, and equine Erv-80 G3. Overall, these results confirmed that the incidence of infection by RVs with the G3 genotype and mixed genotypes in the bovine population was higher than previously predicted. This finding reinforces the importance of constantly monitoring circulating viral strains with the G3 genotype in future surveillance studies.