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Pulmonary Functions and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Post-Pulmonary Tuberculosis Sequelae
Bade Geetanjali,Talwar Anjana,Madan Karan,Kumar Shanmugasundaram 대한결핵및호흡기학회 2022 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.85 No.2
Background: Post-tuberculosis (TB) sequelae is a commonly encountered clinical entity, especially in high TB burden countries. This may represent chronic anatomic sequelae of previously treated TB, with frequent symptomatic presentation. This pilot study was aimed to investigate the pulmonary functions and systemic inflammatory markers in patients with post-TB sequelae (PTBS) and to compare them with post-TB without sequelae (PTBWS) participants and healthy controls.Methods: A total of 30 participants were enrolled, PTBS (n=10), PTBWS (n=10), and healthy controls (n=10). Pulmonary function tests included spirometry and measurement of airway impedance by impulse oscillometry. Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, transforming growth factor-β, and interferon-γ were estimated.Results: Slow vital capacity (SVC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, and peak expiratory flow were significantly lower in PTBS as compared to controls. SVC and FEV1 were significantly less in PTBS as compared to PTBWS. Total airway impedance (Z5), total airway resistance (R5), central airway resistance (R20), area of reactance (Ax), and resonant frequency (Fres) were significantly higher and respiratory reactance at 5 and 20 Hz (X5, X20) were significantly lower in PTBS as compared to PTBWS. Spirometry parameters correlated with impulse oscillometry parameters in PTBS. Serum MMP-1 level was significantly higher in PTBS as compared to other groups.Conclusion: Significant pulmonary function impairment was observed in PTBS, and raised serum MMP-1 levels compared with PTBWS and healthy controls. Follow-up pulmonary function testing is recommended after treatment of TB for early diagnosis and treatment of PTBS.
Assessment of metal bioavailability in smelter-contaminated soil before and after lime amendment
Bade, R.,Oh, S.,Sik Shin, W. Academic Press 2012 Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Vol.80 No.-
In this study, changes in bioavailable concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu and As in former smelter site soils (J1 and J2) were investigated before and after lime amendment. The immobilization efficiencies of metal(loid)s were evaluated by Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). Their bioavailable concentrations in the soils were evaluated by the acid-extractable and -reducible fractions in Standard Measurement and Testing Program (i.e., SM&T(I+II)), in vitro physiologically based extraction test (PBET) and diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT). The results showed that the bioavailable concentrations remarkably decreased after lime amendment in both J1 and J2 soils. DGT uptake and resupply (R) of Zn, Cu and As from soil to soil solution increased but that of Pb decreased. This pattern was consistent with SM&T(I+II)- and PBET-extractable concentrations after lime amendment. This indicates that lime amendment is highly effective for the immobilization of Zn, Cu and As, but not for Pb. Our results implicate that DGT can be used to estimate bioavailability of metal(loid)s in soils and further extended to estimate risk reduction after soil remediation.
Optimization of Micellar Enhanced Ultrafiltration (MEUF) Process for Copper Removal
Rabindra Bade,Seung Hwan Lee,Ki Tae Baek,Gook Man Ahn,Jong Dal Kim 대한환경공학회 2005 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2005 No.12
Several series of experiments were conducted to find copper removal from artificial suspension by using micellar enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) with sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) as a surfactant. To optimize the system operating parameters molar ratio, initial concentration of copper, retentate pressure, pH, flow rate were monitored. The investigated results showed that copper removal increased with the increase in molar ratio; however flux decreased due to the formation of flocs. The removal was about 98%, when copper to SDS molar ratio was 1:30. With the increase in operating retentate pressure, flow rate, and initial concentration of copper; copper removal decreased in addition to decrease in flux. From the economical and removal point of view neutral water gave the better results. In terms of removal efficiency and permeate flux, flow rate of 40 ml/min, copper to SDS molar ratio of 1:30, and operating retentate pressure of 1.4 bars were found to be the optimum operating parameters within the experimental condition operated.
Rabindra Bade,이승환 한국화학공학회 2007 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.24 No.2
micellar enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) and activated carbon fibre (ACF) hybrid proceses. Sodium dodecyl sulphate(SDS) was used as a surfactant. Copper removal increased with the increase of molar ratio of copper to SDS, operatingretentate presure and initial permeate flux. Permeate flux decreased with the increase of molar ratio of copper to SDS.Specific and relative fluxes declined, respectively, with the increase of retentate pressure and initial permeate flux.Based on removal efficiency and permeate flux, initial permeate flux of 1.05 m3/m2/day, copper to SDS molar ratiometers for 0.5 mM or les initial copper concentration. Average copper removal at the optimised condition was 98%and the corresponding permeate copper concentration was less than 1 mg/L. Adsorptive capacity of activated carbonfibre (ACF) for SDS was 170 mg/g. Langmuir isotherm equation gives a better fit with the experimental results com-pared to the Freundlich isotherm equation. Overall SDS removal efficiency of two sets of ACF unit in series was 85% .