Friction Stir Lap Welding of AZ31B and AA6061 Alloys Using Tin as an Inter-Layer

Anil Bandi,Srinivasa R. Bakshi 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.7

The formation of Mg17Al12and Al3Mg2is inevitable even in solid-state joining of Al and Mg alloys by friction stir welding(FSW). In the present study, the effect of a thin inter-layer of Sn (tin) and FSW parameters (pin length and tool rotationspeed) on the microstructure and strength of friction stir lap welds of 3 mm thick AA6061 Al alloy and AZ31B Mg alloysheets was investigated. A ~ 20 μm thick Sn layer was deposited on AZ31B alloy by displacement plating. The heat generatedduring the welding melted the Sn layer and the rotation action of the tool pushed the molten Sn to the hooks on the advancingside and retreating side. The extent of Mg17Al12and Al3Mg2intermetallic compound formation was reduced with Sninter-layer with limited formation of Mg2Sn. The Sn inter-layer helped improve the lap shear strength at lower tool rotationalspeed (600 RPM) and pin lengths of 3.25 and 3.75 mm compared to joints without Sn inter-layer. Lap welds prepared witha 3.25 mm pin at 600 RPM had a lap shear strength of 245 N/mm which is the highest value reported so far and is 116%higher compared to joints without Sn inter-layer. This was due to elimination of hook at the advancing side and retreatingside and disintegration of intermetallic compounds.

Noble metal-free dual cocatalysts for improved H₂ production from water splitting under solar irradiation

Anil Kumar Reddy Police(Police Anil Kumar Reddy),Sungjun Bae(배성준) 대한환경공학회 2022 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2022 No.11

ANION INDUCED BLUE TO PURPLE TRANSITION IN BACTERIORHODOPSIN

Singh, Anil K.,Kapil, Mrunalini M. Korean Society of Photoscience 1996 Journal of Photosciences Vol.3 No.2

Anil K. Singh, Mrunalini M. Kapil, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay - 400076, INDIA Purple membrane (PM, $\lambda$$_{max}$ 570 nm) of H. halobium on treatment with sulphuric acid changes its colour to blue ($\lambda$$_{max}$ 608 nm). The purple chromophore can be regenerated from the blue chromophore by exogeneous addition of anions such as CI$^-$ and HPO$_4^{2-}$. Chloride ion is found to be more effective than the dibasic phosphate ion in regenerating the purple chromophore. Nevertheless, one thing common to the anion regeneration is that both CI$^-$ and HPO$_4^{2-}$ show marked pH effect. At pH 1.0 the efficiency of regeneration of the purple chromophore is greater than at pH 2.0, for the same anion concentration. Fluorescence and circular dichroic studies indicate that the proteins do not undergo drastic changes at the secondary' or tertiary structure level and the native structure is preserved during this transition. However, chromophoric-site interactions between retinal and the apoprotein are affected during this colour transition. A molecular mechanism is advanced for this transition.

Technical feasibility study for power generation from a potential mini hydro site nearby Shoolini University

Pundir, Anil,Kumar, Anil Techno-Press 2014 Advances in energy research Vol.2 No.2

Small Hydro-Power (SHP) is an environmental friendly technology. Usually hydro power generation projects are viewed as constructing large dams and reservoirs but available new research and engineering techniques have helped hydro power generation without large dams and without large reservoirs. In India, there are several water installations, irrigation dams, canals, streams or running rivers not tapped to generate power. In these cases the existing system and facilities can help in generating power with less investment and time. This area is yet unexplored. Harnessing a stream for hydroelectric power is a major undertaking for the energy crises and the global issues to go green. In this technical note a potential site for mini hydro power plant nearby Shoolini University is identified and examined for the economic feasibility.

Determination of the photodynamic therapy effectiveness to protect the aging in murine model

Anil Kumar CHAUHAN,Ju Hee JEON,Bo Eun LEE,Shivkumar Shantappa JALDE,Yong-Wan KIM 한국생물공학회 2018 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.4

Design and Performance Study of a Hot Water Driven 5 TR Capacity Absorption Cooling System

Anil Sharma,Bimal Kumar Mishra,Abhinav Dinesh,Ashok Misra 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.7 No.6

Use of high grade electrical energy, generated from fossil fuels, for cooling has increased environmental concerns like global warming and ozone layer depletion. Hence, there is a need to reduce dependence on them and explore potential environmental friendly options. In this aspect, vapor absorption system has scope of utilizing low grade energy source i.e. hot water from solar panel, to generate cooling effect and are environment friendly as no chloro-floro-carbons are used. The most usual combination of absorber refrigerant pair in such system is lithium bromide water (LiBr–H2O), where water vapor is the refrigerant. In present work, a hot water driven, single stage, absorption cooling system, using a lithium bromide water solution, is analyzed for determining the effect of various parameters on coefficient of performance (COP). Four basic stages in the absorption cycle are generation, condensation, evaporation and absorption with ideally no moving part. A configuration of theses four stages, having 5 TR cooling capacity is determined and examined for the variation in COP corresponds to the change in pressure and concentration. The pressure parameter is varied in condenser and evaporator, resulting graph shows that the increment in pressure of evaporator increases the COP whereas increment of pressure in condenser decreases the COP. At lower inlet concentration of LiBr solution to the absorber gives increment in COP.

Genome-wide identification and analysis of rice genes to elucidate morphological agronomic traits

Anil Kumar Nalini Chandran,Nikita Bhatnagar,김범기,정기홍 한국식물학회 2016 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.59 No.6

Molecular understanding of morphological agronomic traits is very important to improve grain yield and quality. According to the literature information summarized in Overview of Functionally Characterized Genes in Rice online database, 430 genes related to these traits have been functionally characterized in rice, while the functions of other genes remain to be elucidated. Gene indexed mutants are available for at least half of the genes identified in the rice genome, and are very useful resources to study gene function. To suggest candidate genes for functional studies associated with morphological agronomic traits, we identified genes with tissue/organ-preferred expression patterns through meta-analysis of microarray data, and identified 781 genes for roots, 1,084 for leaves, 1,029 for calluses, 927 for anthers, 241 for embryos, and 343 for endosperms. Additionally, 4,243 genes expressed in all tissue types were allocated to a ubiquitously-expressed gene group (‘housekeeping’ genes). The estimated tissue/organ-preferred and housekeeping genes accounted for 40% of the characterized genes associated with morphological agronomic traits, indicating that identification of tissue/organ-preferred genes is an effective way to provide putative gene function. In this study, we reported the information of gene-indexed mutants for 84% of the identified candidate genes. Our candidate genes and relating indexed mutant resources can potentially be used to improve morphological agronomic traits in rice.

Echocardiographic Classification of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect Guides Selection of the Occluder Design for Their Transcatheter Device Closure

Anil Kumar Singhi,Kothandam Sivakumar 한국심초음파학회 2021 Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (J Cardiovasc Im Vol.29 No.4

BACKGROUND: Perimembranous ventricular septal defects (VSDs) has proximate relation to the aortic and tricuspid valves as well as the conduction tissues. Transcatheter closure utilizes various off-label device designs. METHODS: Perimembranous VSD without aortic margin were classified as group A, with thick aortic margin as group B, with membranous septal aneurysm as group C and defects restricted by tricuspid valve attachments as group D. The proposed ideal design was asymmetric device in group A; duct occluder I (ADOI) and muscular ventricular septal occluder (MVSO) in group B; thin profile duct occluder II (ADOII) in group C and ADOI in group D. Device was 0–2 mm larger than the defect. RESULTS: Eighty patients with VSD measuring 6.83 ± 2.87mm underwent successful closure. Device was retrieved before release in one group A and one group C patient due to aortic regurgitation. Asymmetric device was used in 16 group A defects. Among group B defects, ADOI was used in 5, ADOII in 5, MVSO in one and asymmetric device in 3. Group C defects were closed with ADOI in 7, ADOII in 10 and asymmetric device in 3. Three patients with multiple exits had 2 ADOII devices. Group D defects were closed using ADOI in 20 and ADOII in 10 patients. There was no late aortic regurgitation or heart block on a follow-up exceeding 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: This echocardiographic classification helps device selection in every single patient. While asymmetric device is uniquely suited for group A defects, different designs are appropriate in the other groups.

Optimal Speed Control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Anil Kumar Yadav,Prerna Gaur,Shyama Kant Jha,J. R. P. Gupta,A. P. Mittal 전력전자학회 2011 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.11 No.4

The main objective of this paper is to control the speed of Nonlinear Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by controlling the throttle position. Various control techniques such as well known Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller in conjunction with state feedback controller (SFC) such as Pole Placement Technique (PPT), Observer Based Controller (OBC) and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) Controller are designed. Some Intelligent control techniques e.g. fuzzy logic PD, Fuzzy logic PI along with Adaptive Controller such as Self Organizing Controller (SOC) is also designed. The design objective in this research paper is to provide smooth throttle movement, zero steady-state speed error, and to maintain a Selected Vehicle (SV) speed. A comparative study is carried out in order to identify the superiority of optimal control technique so as to get improved fuel economy, reduced pollution, improved driving safety and reduced manufacturing costs.

Semantic Segmentation of Strawberry Gray Mold Disease using Deep UNet

( Anil Bhujel ),( Jayanta Kumar Basak ),( Elanchezhian Arulmozhi ),( Thavisack Sihalath ),( Fawad Khan ),( Byeong Eun Moon ),( Mustafa Jaihuni ),( Deog Hyun Lee ),( Hyeon Tae Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2020 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.25 No.1

Gray mold is a common disease in strawberry, causing a devastating loss. Therefore, it is very important to identify the gray mold disease as early as possible and check the severity of the disease. The gray mold disease on strawberry plants was produced experimentally in a greenhouse located at Gyeongsang National University. The fungus “Botrytis cinerea” is the causal agent of gray mold disease, which was inoculated in the strawberry plants with three different concentrations (103, 105, and 107 MPN per 50 ml). The images of strawberry leaves infected by the disease were captured by the smartphone and pre-processed. In image pre-processing, removed the background of the image, created a mask of the lesion area of each image, and labeled them. A pair of the original image and its annotated mask were manually prepared and split into training and testing sets. A deep learning convolutional neural network-based UNet model was designed and trained by 45 sets of original and annotated pairs of images using heavy data augmentation. The model was trained for 10 epochs with 1000 steps per epoch, and the training accuracy achieved was 98.92%. Then the model was tested by 10 sets of original and annotated images, which gave the highest pixel accuracy of 98.21%. It was also tested by other segmentation metrics like the intersection of union (iu) and dice accuracy. The model provided the highest iu of 87.91% and dice accuracy of 92.91%. From the results, it can be concluded that the deep learning UNet can successfully segment the gray mold disease that occurred in strawberry, helping to identify the disease severity.