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Effects of Nitric Oxide on the Induction of Experimental Allergic Orchitis in Guinea Pig
An, Jeong Hwan,Kim, In Keun,Kim, Taek Sang,Kwak, Hyun Jeong,Rhew, Hyun Yul,Chung, Hun-Taeg The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2004 Immune Network Vol.4 No.2
Background: Production of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) has been implicated in the pathology of autoimmune disease. It is unknown whether iNOS expression is increased within testes and whether iNOS and NO have essential roles in the pathogenesis of EAO. Methods: EAO was induced in guinea pig testes at 17 days after secondary immunization by administration of crude extract (CE) and purified glycoprotein 1 (GP1) from normal guinea pig testes. iNOS gene expression was assessed by RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis in testes. Localization of iNOS and Mac-1 and the indicator of NO-mediated tissue injury, nitrotyrosine, were detected in the testicular lesion by immunohistochemistry. Results: In control testes, inflammation and iNOS gene expression were not detected, whereas, in CE- and GP1-injected testes, inflammation and marked iNOS gene expression were evident at day 17 after secondary immunization. Immunohistochemistry of Mac-1 showed the colocalization with iNOS protein and nitrotyrosyl proteins in intertubules, suggesting that NO produced by infiltrated macrophages may be involved in inflammatory lesions of intertubules. Intraperitoneal administration of aminoguanidine significantly prevented EAO with reduction of inflammation, iNOS expression and nitrotyrosine formation. Conclusion: These results suggest that NO production by macrophages may be important in the pathogenesis of CE- and GP1-induced EAO. Furthermore, this study demonstrated the therapeutic potential of iNOS inhibitor in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune mediated-diseases.
Design of Dual-Band Bandpass Filters for Cognitive Radio Application of TVWS Band
Sang-Won Yun,Hyun-Keun Kim,Kun-An Kwon 한국전자파학회JEES 2016 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.16 No.1
This paper presents a novel design for dual-band bandpass filters. The proposed filters are applicable to the carrier aggregation of the TV white space (TVWS) band and long-term evolution (LTE) band for cognitive radio applications. The lower passband is the TVWS band (470–698 MHz) whose fractional bandwidth is 40 %, while the higher passband is the LTE band (824–894 MHz) with 8 % fractional bandwidth. Since the two passbands are located very close to each other, a transmission zero is inserted to enhance the rejection level between the two passbands. The TVWS band filter is designed using magnetic coupling to obtain a wide bandwidth, and the LTE band filter is designed using dielectric resonators to achieve good insertion loss characteristics. In addition, in the proposed design, a transmission zero is placed with cross-coupling. The proposed dual-band bandpass filter is designed as a two-port filter (one input/one output) as well as a three-port filter (one common input/two outputs). The measured performances show good agreement with the simulated performances.
Epidemiology and Incidence of Orthopedic Fractures in the Military of the Republic of Korea
( Sung-jin An ),( Sang Hyun Lee ),( Gi-ho Moon ) 대한외상학회 2021 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.34 No.1
Purpose: Fractures are common in the military population, but limited studies have investigated the incidence of fractures among Korean military personnel. Hence, this study aimed to clarify this issue. Methods: Eligible subjects were patients who had sustained a fracture and were registered in the N-DEMIS (the medical records system of participating hospitals) from June 2017 to May 2019. Fractures were categorized according to the fracture site, patients’ age, sex, and type of duty. Results: In total, 23,687 patients with 23,981 fractures were included. There were 216 patients with multiple fractures, of whom 156 had fractures at two sites, 42 had fractures at three sites, and 18 had fractures at four sites. Of the 23,687 patients, 23,340 were men and 347 were women. The incidence of fractures in men and women was 12.96 per 1,000 person-years and 0.19 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. In terms of the broad location of fractures, the percentage of fractures was the highest in the hand, followed by the foot and lower leg. When the location of fractures was analyzed more specifically, the percentage of fractures was the highest in the phalanx (thumb and fingers), followed by the ankle and metacarpal bones. Conclusions: Hand, foot, ankle, and wrist fractures were the most commonly encountered fractures in the Korean military population. To prevent the loss of combat power due to non-battle-related injuries, thorough preparation is necessary, including protective equipment and preliminary training for areas with a high frequency of fracture occurrence.
비공식적 형사합의에 대한 경험적 고찰 -효과, 문제점 및 제도화 방향을 중심으로-
안성훈(An, Sung-Hoon),이동원(Lee, Dong-Weon),윤현석(Yoon, Hyun-Seok) 한국피해자학회 2015 被害者學硏究 Vol.23 No.1
This study seeks for the possibility of introducing the informal criminal agreement to institutionalize on the criminal matter-related works for the hands-on staff of criminal matters. Through this research, the author could find the followings with regard to the effects and problems of criminal agreement, and the direction of institutionalization. First, the criminal agreement has been evaluated to be the more effective system than any other systems that can contribute to the damage recovery of victims, rapid progress of criminal processes, and the eventual resolving of cases. Second, with regard to the problems that may appear during the criminal agreement, while they were not the level of significant concern in general, there were relatively a lot of opinions on the possibility of conciliation, threat, or coerce during the criminal agreement process. Third, when it comes to the expansion of criminal mediation of system, which is the most practical system among ways to institutionalize criminal agreement, most people were answered positively. Fourth, as it relates to the direction to pursue when institutionalizing criminal agreement, a vast majority of people answered positively on 'monetary compensation, 'recovery of relationship', 'psychological stability of victims', and 'sincere regret and apology by assailants'. In this way, the need to institutionalize criminal agreement, which has been recognized thus far as a practice, by incorporating it within the frame of legal system so that it could be a system that has a legal foundation.
Cha, An-Na,Lee, Sang-A,Bae, Sukang,Lee, Sang Hyun,Lee, Dong Su,Wang, Gunuk,Kim, Tae-Wook American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.3
<P>An all-organic composite system was introduced as an active component for organic resistive Memory applications. The active layer was prepared by mixing a highly polar plastic-crystalline organic molecule (succinonitrile, SN) into an insulating polymer (poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA). As increasing concentrations of SN from 0 to 3.0 wt % were added to solutions of different concentrations of PMMA, we observed distinguishable microscopic surface structures on blended films of SN and PMMA at certain concentrations after the spin-casting process. The structures were organic dormant volcanos composed of micron-scale PMMA craters and disk type SN lava. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) analysis showed that these structures were located in the middle of the film. Self-assembly of the plastic-crystalline molecules resulted in the phase separation of the SN:PMMA mixture during solvent evaporation. The organic craters remained at the surface after the spin casting process, indicative of the formation of an all-organic composite film. Because one organic crater contains one SN disk, our system has a coplanar monolayer disk composite system, indicative of the simplest composite type of organic memory system. Current voltage (I-V) characteristics of the composite films with organic craters revealed that our all-organic composite system showed unipolar type resistive switching behavior. From logarithmic I-V characteristics, we found that the current flow was governed by space charge limited current (SCLC). From these results, we believe that a plastic-crystalline molecule polymer composite system is one of the most reliable ways to develop organic composite systems as potential candidates for the active components of organic resistive memory applications.</P>