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Genome and transcriptome-wide analyses of cellulose synthase gene superfamily in soybean
Nawaz, Muhammad Amjad,Rehman, Hafiz Mamoon,Baloch, Faheem Shehzad,Ijaz, Babar,Ali, Muhammad Amjad,Khan, Iqrar Ahmad,Lee, Jeong Dong,Chung, Gyuhwa,Yang, Seung Hwan G. Fischer 2017 Journal of plant physiology Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The plant cellulose synthase gene superfamily belongs to the category of type-2 glycosyltransferases, and is involved in cellulose and hemicellulose biosynthesis. These enzymes are vital for maintaining cell-wall structural integrity throughout plant life. Here, we identified 78 putative cellulose synthases (CS) in the soybean genome. Phylogenetic analysis against 40 reference <I>Arabidopsis</I> CS genes clustered soybean CSs into seven major groups (CESA, CSL A, B, C, D, E and G), located on 19 chromosomes (except chromosome 18). Soybean CS expansion occurred in 66 duplication events. Additionally, we identified 95 simple sequence repeat makers related to 44 CSs. We next performed digital expression analysis using publically available datasets to understand potential CS functions in soybean. We found that CSs were highly expressed during soybean seed development, a pattern confirmed with an Affymatrix soybean IVT array and validated with RNA-seq profiles. Within CS groups, CESAs had higher relative expression than CSLs. Soybean CS models were designed based on maximum average RPKM values. Gene co-expression networks were developed to explore which CSs could work together in soybean. Finally, RT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression of 15 selected CSs during all four seed developmental stages.</P>
Amjad M. Husaini,Samina Aquil,Mukhtar Bhat,Tabassum Qadri,Kamaluddin,Malik Zainul Abdin 한국작물학회 2008 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.11 No.2
A high-efficiency, reproducible somatic embryogenesis system for strawberry cultivar Chandler was developed. Thirty-one somatic embryos per explant (max no.) were recorded in leaf discs which were cultured on medium containing MS salts + B5 vitamins + 2% glucose + 4.0 mg l-¹TDZ (Thidiazuron) and incubated at 10 ± 1 ℃ under darkness for one week followed by three weeks under 16-h photoperiod. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) ontogeny revealed the normal development of somatic embryos from globular to heart-shaped and dissection microscopy from torpedo-shaped to cotyledonary-stage embryos. The maximum germination percentage of 48% could be obtained on MS medium containing kinetin (1.0 mg l-¹) and the maximum survival percentage (79%) of plantlets after four weeks was found to be in the mixture of vermiculite, peatmoss, and soilrite (1:1:1). A high-efficiency, reproducible somatic embryogenesis system for strawberry cultivar Chandler was developed. Thirty-one somatic embryos per explant (max no.) were recorded in leaf discs which were cultured on medium containing MS salts + B5 vitamins + 2% glucose + 4.0 mg l-¹TDZ (Thidiazuron) and incubated at 10 ± 1 ℃ under darkness for one week followed by three weeks under 16-h photoperiod. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) ontogeny revealed the normal development of somatic embryos from globular to heart-shaped and dissection microscopy from torpedo-shaped to cotyledonary-stage embryos. The maximum germination percentage of 48% could be obtained on MS medium containing kinetin (1.0 mg l-¹) and the maximum survival percentage (79%) of plantlets after four weeks was found to be in the mixture of vermiculite, peatmoss, and soilrite (1:1:1).
Amjad M. Qandil,Shereen M. Assaf,Enas A. Al Ani,Alaa Eldeen Yassin,Aiman A. Obaidat 한국약제학회 2013 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.43 No.3
Sustained-release diclofenac potassium orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) formulations have been prepared and investigated. The ODTs were prepared by incorporating diclofenac potassium (DP), as a model for negatively ionizable drugs, in microcapsules that were prepared by the solvent evaporation method from a mixture of DP and different ratios of Eudragit RS and Eudragit RL,which are positively ionized synthetic polymers. The ODTs were prepared by direct compression of mixtures containing microcapsule formula M4, crospovidone as a superdisintegrant and water soluble excipients (mannitol or lactose and sorbitol). Diclofenac potassium ODT F2,showed acceptable hardness (4.08 KP) slight friability (2.13 %) and disintegration time of 22.41 s with a sustained drug release profile. Microcapsule characterization (DSC and FT-IR) and dissolution behavior suggests the presence of specific interaction between the carboxylate group of diclofenac and the quaternary ammonium group in the polymers
Amjad, Muhammad,Salam, Zainal,Facta, Mochammad,Ishaque, Kashif The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2012 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.12 No.3
It is known that transformer based power supplies for ozone generators have low efficiency, high cost and exhibits a limited frequency range of operation. To overcome these disadvantages, this paper proposes a high frequency ozone generator with the absence of a transformer. The voltage step-up is achieved only by utilizing the resonant tank. This is made possible by a novel combination of ozone chamber materials that allow ozone to be generated at only 1.5 - 3.5 $kV_{p-p}$. The input to the resonant tank is driven by a PWM full bridge resonant inverter. Furthermore, zero-current zero-voltage switching (ZCZVS) operation is achieved by employing a duty factor of 25% between the switches of the full bridge. The advantages of the proposed system include high efficiency, low cost and the ability to control ozone production by varying the input voltage to the inverter. The prototype is verified by both simulation and experimental results.
Amjad Ali,Attia Fatima,Zainab Bukhari,Hamayun Farooq,Zaheer Abbas 한국유변학회 2021 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.33 No.1
In this paper, we investigate non-Newtonian Casson fluid flow with pulsation in a channel having symmetrical constriction bumps on the upper and lower walls. The medium is assumed to be porous, following Darcy’s law. The fluid is modeled as electrically low conducting, and the pulsatile flow is subjected to a transverse magnetic field of uniform strength to study the impact of the resulting Lorentz force. We transform the mathematical model using the vorticity-stream function form for obtaining the solution. We analyze influence of the Hartman, Strouhal, Casson fluid, and porosity parameters on various flow profiles. It is revealed that the region of flow separation in the wake of a constriction bump tends to vanish with increasing the magnetic field parameter as well as Casson fluid parameter. The wall shear stress has higher values at the first constriction bump than that at the second constriction bump on a wall. It is also noticed that wall shear stress decreases with increasing the value of the porosity parameter during the pulsation cycle.
Privacy Inferences and Performance Analysis of Open Source IPS/IDS to Secure IoT-Based WBAN
Amjad, Ali,Maruf, Pasha,Rabbiah, Zaheer,Faiz, Jillani,Urooj, Pasha International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.12
Besides unexpected growth perceived by IoT's, the variety and volume of threats have increased tremendously, making it a necessity to introduce intrusion detections systems for prevention and detection of such threats. But Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IDPS) inside the IoT network yet introduces some unique challenges due to their unique characteristics, such as privacy inference, performance, and detection rate and their frequency in the dynamic networks. Our research is focused on the privacy inferences of existing intrusion prevention and detection system approaches. We also tackle the problem of providing unified a solution to implement the open-source IDPS in the IoT architecture for assessing the performance of IDS by calculating; usage consumption and detection rate. The proposed scheme is considered to help implement the human health monitoring system in IoT networks
Amjad Farooq,Mohammed Kayes Patoary,Yanjiao Zhao,Shuai Jiang,Meiling Zhang,Lifang Liu 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.5
Inspired by functioned textile materials, in this research a one-step technique is implemented for the preparation ofsuper antibacterial and ultra-voilet (UV) blocking surface properties of lyocell fabrics by a specific amount of zinc oxidenanoparticles (ZnONPs) and various fractions of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF). The combination of cellulose nanofibrils andzinc oxide nanoparticles caused a transformation of pristine lyocell fabric into functional fabric by enhancing its mechanical,antibacterial, and ultra-voilet blocking properties. In the first portion of this research cellulose nanofirbils were extracted froma cellulose rich biomass Ficus natalensis barkcloth through chemical treatments and catalytic oxidation of cellulose using2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) combined with mechanical homogenization. Secondly coating ofcellulose nanofibrils and zinc oxide nanoparticles was done on lyocell fabrics. Based on the morphological analysis, equaldistribution of CNF andf ZnONPs on the lyocell fabrics’ surfaces was tremendously improved leading to a much moreuniform rough structure. However, with the increase of cellulose nanofibrils content, coating was unsmooth and crackes onthe fabric surface were cleared due to accumulation of CNF at higher concentration. Results demonstrated an obviousincrease of mechanical properties of lyocell fabrics with the addition of cellulose nanofibrils till 0.5 wt%. Similarly washingfastness studies showed that the fabric UV blocking properties were stable, whereas antibacterial characteristics of lyocellfabrics were significantly increased after CNF and zinc oxide nanoparticles coating.
TinyOS-New Trends, Comparative Views, and Supported Sensing Applications: A Review
Amjad, Muhammad,Sharif, Muhammad,Afzal, Muhammad Khalil,Sung Won Kim IEEE 2016 IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL Vol.16 No.9
<P>The wireless sensor network (WSN) is an interesting area for modern day research groups. Tiny sensor nodes are deployed in a diversity of environments but with limited resources. Scarce resources compel researchers to employ an operating system that requires limited memory and minimum power. Tiny operating system (TinyOS) is a widely used operating system for sensor nodes, which provides concurrency and flexibility while adhering to the constraints of scarce resources. Comparatively, TinyOS is considered to be the most robust, innovative, energy-efficient, and widely used operating system in sensor networks. This paper looks at the state-of-the-art TinyOS and the different dimensions of its design paradigm, programming model, execution model, scheduling algorithms, concurrency, memory management, hardware support platforms, and other features. The addition of different features in TinyOS makes it the operating system of choice for WSNs. Sensing nodes with TinyOS seem to show more flexibility in supporting diverse types of sensing applications.</P>