Genetic Programming under Theoretical Definition

Nada M. A. Al Salami 보안공학연구지원센터 2009 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.3 No.4

This paper discusses the use of new graph structural genetic programming for automatic programming, which creates finite state machines (FSM) by evolution. Generally, FSM must define their transition rules for all combinations of states and possible inputs, thus the FSM program will become large and complex when the number of states and inputs is large. In our work, the nodes are connected by trajectory information sets, so it is possible that only the essential problem’s behavior obtained in the current situation are used in the network flow, and it can determine an action by not only the current, but also the past information. In addition, the proposed algorithm enhances evolutionary process by using fitness inheritance technique. Constraining the depth of genetic programming tree is one of the ways to overcome its bloat problem. Finally, fitness inherent is used when fitness evaluation is computationally expensive. Fitness inherent is based on averaging; therefore it reflects some assumptions of smoothness in the search space

Large Vocabulary Natural Language Continuous Speech Recognition

Bakis, L.R.,Bellegarda, J.,Brown, P.F.,Burshtein, D.,Das, S.K.,Souza, P.V.ed,Gopalakrishnan, P.S.,Jelinck, F.,Kanevsky, D.,Mercer, R.L.,Nadas, A.J.,Nahamoo, D.,Picheny, M.A. 서울대학교 어학연구소 1990 語學硏究 Vol.26 No.4

The present paper describes our current research on automatic speech recognition of continuously read sentences from a naturally-occurring corpus: office correspondence. The recognition system combines features from our current isolated-word recognition system and from our previously developed continuous speech recognition systems. It consists of an acoustic processor, an acoustic channel model, a language model, and a linguistic decoder. Some new features in the recognizer relative to our isolated-word speech recognition system include the use of a fast match to rapidly prune to a manageable number the candidates considered by the detailed match, multiple pronunciations of all function words, and modelling of interphone coarticulatory behavior. To date, we have recorded training and test data from a set of 10 males talkers. The test data consist of 50 sentences drawn from spontaneously generated memos covered by a 5000 word vocabulary. The perplexity of the test sentences was found to be 93 ; none of the sentences were part of the data used to generate the language model. Preliminary (speaker-dependent) recognition results on these takers yielded an average word error rate of 11.0%.

Study on the synthesis and activity of Ag/LaFeO3/CNTs for photodegradation of harmful pollutants under visible light irradiation

Alfryyan Nada,Irshad Amna,Altaf Sehar,Basha Beriham,Al-Buriahi M. S.,Alrowaili Z. A.,Sabeeh Humera,Din Muhammad Imran 한국세라믹학회 2024 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.61 No.1

The current study is based on the synthesis of lanthanum ferrite (LF), silver-doped lanthanum ferrite (AgLF), and its composite with CNTs (AgLF@CNT) for degradation of organic effluents under visible light. The physiochemical characteristics of synthesized nanomaterials were examined by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV–Visible spectroscopy. XRD results revealed that the synthesized product has a crystalline structure. Tauc plot method was used to analyze the bandgap energy of the prepared nanocatalysts. Bare and doped lanthanum ferrite showed bandgap energy of 2.72 eV and 1.81 eV, respectively. The % degradation shown by LF, AgLF and AgLF@CNT for the degradation of methylene orange was 37.93%, 53.98%, and 78.26%, respectively. AgLF@CNT showed 74.42% degradation of crystal violet at the rate of 0.007 min−1. AgLF@CNT has an effective visible efficiency of photocatalysis for methylene orange and crystal violet degradation and gives better photodegradation efficiency due to a large number of active sites, greater surface area, good oxidizer and greater stability of carbon nanotubes.

Load balancing in 5G heterogeneous networks based on automatic weight function

Gures Emre,Shayea Ibraheem,Saad Sawsan Ali,Ergen Mustafa,El-Saleh Ayman A,Ahmed Nada M.O. Sid,Alnakhli Mohammad 한국통신학회 2023 ICT Express Vol.9 No.6

Load balancing is a major challenge in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) consisting of 5G and 6G ultra-dense small cells with long-term evaluation advanced (LTE-A) networks. A key factor in achieving efficient load balancing during user mobility is creating appropriate optimisation for handover control parameters (HCP). This paper proposes a coordinated load balancing algorithm for LTE-A/fifth generation (5G) HetNets. The algorithm automatically optimises HCP settings for a given user based on three bounded functions (the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the user equipment (UE), the number of physical resource blocks (PRBs) per UE and the UE’s speed) as well as their automatic weight levels. A two-step target cell determination strategy is implemented according to the cell load level and RSRP criteria, ensuring that users are handed over to low-loaded target cells. A new HO procedure that considers the pilot signal power is also proposed, which includes the number of PRBs per UE and the RSRP. Cells with freer PRBs are prioritised in user association to provide load balance and enhanced throughput. The proposed load balancing algorithm is compared with five other load balancing algorithms selected from the literature. The simulation results reveal that under various mobile speed scenarios, the proposed load balancing scheme enhances network performance in terms of load level, throughput, spectral efficiency and call dropping ratio (CDR).

Use and Evaluation of Lignin as Ion Exchangers

Ads, Essam.N.,Nada, A.M.A.,El-Masry, A.M. Korean Chemical Society 2011 대한화학회지 Vol.55 No.1

수산화나트륨과 과산화 무기산을 사용하여 흑색 액체로부터 수산화 리그닌과 과산화 리그닌을 얻었다. 과산화 리그닌을 10% HCl을 사용하여 가수분해하여 가수분해 리그닌을 얻었다. 카르복실화와 인산화과정을 거쳐 카르복시 리그닌과 인산화 리그닌을 얻었다. 에피클로르히드린을 사용하여 가교 리그닌도 얻었다. 이들 얻어진 리그닌들을 적외선분광법, 열김량분석, 시차열분석법으로 분석 하였다. 이들 얻어진 리그닌의 금속이온 흡착효과를 조사하였다. 과산화 리그닌이 수산화된 리그닌 보다 흡착 능력이 우수하였다. Modified lignins were prepared. Soda and peroxy lignins were precipitated from black liquor produced from bagasse pulping with soda and peroxyacid pulping process. The precipitated lignins were hydrolyzed using 10% HCl. Different functional groups were also incorporated into lignin by carboxylation and phosphorylation reactions. Moreover crosslinking of these lignins were carried out using epichlorohydrin. Characterization of the modified lignins and lignins derivative were carried out using Infrared spectroscopy. Thermal analysis of these compounds were also carried out using TGA and DTA techniques. Efficiency of sorption of metal ions by the modified lignin was also investigated. It was found that, the peroxylignin and its derivatives show higher efficiency toward metal ions uptake than the soda lignin.

Use and Evaluation of Lignin as Ion Exchangers

Essam. N. Ads,A. M. A. Nada,A. M. El-Masry 대한화학회 2011 대한화학회지 Vol.55 No.1

Modified lignins were prepared. Soda and peroxy lignins were precipitated from black liquor produced from bagasse pulping with soda and peroxyacid pulping process. The precipitated lignins were hydrolyzed using 10% HCl. Different functional groups were also incorporated into lignin by carboxylation and phosphorylation reactions. Moreover crosslinking of these lignins were carried out using epichlorohydrin. Characterization of the modified lignins and lignins derivative were carried out using Infrared spectroscopy. Thermal analysis of these compounds were also carried out using TGA and DTA techniques. Efficiency of sorption of metal ions by the modified lignin was also investigated. It was found that, the peroxylignin and its derivatives show higher efficiency toward metal ions uptake than the soda lignin.

Role of Nutraceuticals in Obesity Management: A Mechanism and Prospective Supported by Molecular Docking Studies

Abdel Nasser B. Singab,Esraa A. Elhawary,Yasmin A. Elkhawas,Iten M. Fawzy,Ashaimaa Y. Moussa,Nada M. Mostafa 한국식품영양과학회 2024 Journal of medicinal food Vol.27 No.2

Obesity and its comorbidities represent a major health problem worldwide. Treatment by reducing food intakeand physical activity interventions has limited success especially with elderly people with chronic diseases. Nutraceuticals arenaturally originated and successfully used for their physiological and nutritional benefit in health care. They might bealternative means to help lose weight and reduce obesity-associated metabolic disorders with the improvement of health, delaythe aging process, prevention of chronic diseases, increase of life expectancy, or support to the structure or function of thebody. The current study enumerates the inherent role of nutraceuticals in the management of obesity and its related comorbidities. The study is supported with the molecular docking studies discussing the mechanism of action. An attempt tooptimize the role of nutraceuticals is made in this article in addition to widen the scope of its use in this chronic worldwidedisease.

Outcomes of Portosystemic Shunts in Children with and without Liver Transplantation

Hamza Hassan Khan,Stuart S. Kaufman,Nada A. Yazigi,Khalid M. Khan 대한소아소화기영양학회 2024 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.27 No.1

Purpose: Limited data exist regarding outcome and morbidity associated with portosystemic shunts in the pediatric transplant population. Our study assesses the outcomes of pediatric patients who underwent a portosystemic shunt procedure, both with and without liver transplantation (LT). Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of pediatric patients aged 0–19 years who underwent shunt placement between 2003 and 2017 at a tertiary care center. The analysis included cases of shunt placement with or without LT. Results: A total of 13 pediatric patients were included in the study with median age of 8.8 years. Among the cases, 11 out of 13 (84.6%) underwent splenorenal shunt, 1 (7.7%) underwent a mesocaval shunt, and another 1 (7.7%) underwent a Modified Rex (mesoportal) shunt. Additionally, 5 out of 13 (38.5%) patients had LT, with 4 out of 5 (80.0%) receiving the transplant before shunt placement, and 1 out of 5 (20.0%) receiving it after shunt placement. Gastrointestinal bleeding resulting from portal hypertension was the indication in all cases. A total of 10 complications were reported in 5 patients; the most common complication was anemia in 3 (23.1%) patients. At the most recent follow-up visit, the shunts were functional without encephalopathy, and no deaths were reported. Conclusion: Shunt placement plays a crucial role in the management of patients with portal hypertension. Our study demonstrates favorable long-term outcomes in pediatric patients who underwent shunt placement. Long term shunt outcomes were similar and unremarkable in patients with LT and without LT.