발화 스타일에 따른 한국어 모음의 변이 연구

이향원 ( Lee Hyangwon ) 서강대학교 언어정보연구소 2017 언어와 정보 사회 Vol.32 No.-

The current study investigated the effect of speaking style on the phonetic realization of Korean monophthongs in the productions of 20 native talkers. The talkers were asked to read a paragraph out loud as if speaking to either (1) a close friend or (2) a hearing-impaired or non-native listener. Each talker read the paragraph once in both conditions. The first condition was intended to elicit casual speech and the second condition clear speech. The acoustic realization of the monophthongs in each condition was analyzed in both the temporal and spectral domains. All vowels exhibited shorter duration in the casual speech. In the spectral domain, most vowels were less dispersed in casual speech, but some vowels did not display this pattern. These results suggest that speakers strengthen the acoustic salience of vowels when they expect difficulty in language processing on the part of the listener, and conversely exhibit vowel reduction in the opposite situation.

한국어 후설 고·중모음에 대한 사회음성학적 연구

이향원(Lee, Hyangwon),신우봉(Shin, Woobong),신지영(Shin, Jiyoung) 한국음성학회 2017 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.9 No.2

The current study aims to investigate the effect of sociolinguistic factors such as region, generation and gender on the acoustic properties of Korean high and mid back vowels. We analyzed the vowel productions of one hundred twenty-eight subjects from the Korean Standard Speech Database, chosen to represent the different possible combinations of region, generation, and gender. The results reveal a chain-like shift in the back vowels. Unlike previous studies that have reported /o/-/u/ becoming closer as a result of a decreasing F1 in /o/, we found that the distance between the two vowels is decided more by the changing F2 in /u/. Also, the F2 of /u/ and /ɯ/, and the F2 of /ʌ/ and F1 of /o/ appear to move in tandem. Lastly, this study suggests that the reason the vowel changes differ across gender and regional dialects could be because they are all converging on to the standard Korean.

구어적 문어의 구어성에 관하여: 음운론적 측면을 중심으로

이향원 ( Lee Hyangwon ),하영우 ( Ha Youngwoo ) 서강대학교 언어정보연구소 2021 언어와 정보 사회 Vol.42 No.-

The aim of this study is to find out how the colloquial written language reflects the oral features of the corresponding spoken language. For this purpose, phonological reduction found in messenger corpora has been analyzed in phoneme and syllable units and compared with that found in spoken language using a quantitative method. Some words show a similar reduction pattern as spoken language patterns. However, it is also observed that the weakening applies selectively or in a different direction than in spoken language. An unfamiliar form that does not appear in spoken language is also observed. To sum up, phonological reduction in messenger corpora is partly similar to that in spoken language, but it also has an independent aspect that is difficult to incorporate into the orality framework. This result implies that colloquial written language should be considered as an independent register.

수면장애에서 나타나는 뇌 대사물질의 변화 : 불면증과 폐쇄수면무호흡증을 중심으로

홍혜진(Haejin Hong),이향원(Hyangwon Lee),윤수정(Sujung Yoon),김정윤(Jungyoon Kim) 대한수면의학회 2021 수면·정신생리 Vol.28 No.1

Sleep is essential to brain function and mental health. Insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are the two most common sleep disorders, and are major public health concerns. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) is a non-invasive method of quantifying neurometabolite concentrations. Therefore, 1H-MRS studies on individuals with sleep disorders may enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of these disorders. In this article, we reviewed 1H-MRS studies in insomnia and OSA that reported changes in neurometabolite concentrations. Previous studies have consistently reported insomnia-related reductions in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the frontal and occipital regions, which suggest that changes in GABA are important to the etiology of insomnia. These results may support the hyperarousal theory that insomnia is associated with increased cognitive and physiological arousal. In addition, the severity of insomnia was associated with low glutamate and glutamine levels. Previous studies of OSA have consistently reported reduced N-acetylaspartate (NAA) levels in the frontal, parietooccipital, and temporal regions. In addition, OSA was associated with increased myo-inositol levels. These results may provide evidence that intermittent hypoxia induced by OSA may result in neuronal damage in the brain, which can be related to neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with OSA. The current review summarizes findings related to neurochemical changes in insomnia and OSA. Future well-designed studies using 1H-MRS have the potential to enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of sleep disorders including insomnia and OSA.

한국어 분석 도구를 활용한 국어교과서 텍스트의 장르 비교 분석

류지수(Jisu Ryu),이향원(Hyangwon Lee),전문기(Moongee Jeon) 한국응용언어학회 2020 응용 언어학 Vol.36 No.4

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of three different genres, including argumentative, expository, and narrative texts that were selected from high school Korean textbooks revised by the 2015 National Curriculum with Auto-Kohesion, a Korean text analysis tool. The indices used for the current study included basic measures (the number of words, the number of sentences, the average sentence length, the average word length), word frequency (word frequency for contents words and all words), lexical diversity (type-token ratio for content words), personal pronouns (the first person pronouns, the second person pronouns, the third person pronouns, all pronouns), connectives (causal, additive, and all connectives), syntactic complexity (the ratio of modifiers, the ratio of constituents), and reference cohesion measures. The analysis demonstrated that the argumentative and expository texts were not significantly different in all measures. However, the differences between the two genres versus narratives were substantial; a greater use of personal pronouns and lower frequency words as well as more words and sentences was identified in the narrative texts, whereas the argumentative and expository texts included the higher text cohesion and the sentence constituent ratio along with the longer average words and sentences. The argumentative texts have been shown to include more personal pronouns than the other two genres. The current study provides some implications for designing Korean textbooks and analyzing the characteristics of different genres.

경두개직류자극술의 인지기능 개선 작용기전에 대한 고찰 : 기능적 자기공명영상 연구를 중심으로

홍혜진(Haejin Hong),김진솔(Jinsol Kim),이향원(Hyangwon Lee),김신혜(Shinhye Kim),강일향(Ilhyang Kang),홍가혜(Gahae Hong),김정윤(Jungyoon Kim) 대한생물치료정신의학회 2020 생물치료정신의학 Vol.26 No.2

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive and effective neuromodulatory technique to modulate cortical activities by applying 1 to 2 milliamps electric current. The use of tDCS to enhance cognitive function such as executive function and memory has attracted much attention in recent years, and a lot of studies have been carried out to identify neural mechanisms underlying cognitive enhancement effects of tDCS. In this review, we discussed the previous neuroimaging studies on applications of tDCS for cognitive enhancement using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Previous tDCS studies for neurological or psychiatric conditions and elderly individuals suggested that cognitive enhancement effects of tDCS were associated with normalizing aberrant brain networks and activities related to pathophysiology. Moreover, tDCS-induced cognitive enhancement in healthy individuals was associated with functional changes in brain activations and network connectivity. Furthermore, cognitive enhancement effects of tDCS were varied depending on the neurological structure and functional characteristics between individuals. The current review may provide critical insights into functional activity and connectivity of the brain regarding cognitive enhancement effects of tDCS, which could give direction for further studies on identifying the specific neural mechanisms and clinical strategies of tDCS.

MPGE-DASH와 WiFi-Direct를 이용한 응용계층 멀티캐스트 기반 비디오 스트리밍

김영빈(Youngbin Kim),유희수(Heesu Yu),한지은(Jieun Han),문준영(Junyoung Moon),이향원(Hyangwon Lee) 한국정보과학회 2015 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.12