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양판석,조영진,이재헌,Yang, Pan-Seok,Cho, Young-Jin,Lee, Jae-Heon 대한기계학회 1998 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.22 No.8
Longitudinal distributions of the extinction coefficient and concentrations of hazardous gases in a long tunnel located in urban area haute been predicted theoretically. The results are compared with design criteria. It is found that the maximum concentrations of both CO and $NO_X$ in the tunnel are lower than the design criteria. However, the maximum extinction coefficient, generally considered to be a governing factor for ventilating flow rate, is shown lower than the design criterion. Therefore, it is suggested that the design criterion of the extinction coefficient should be increased to a slightly larger value.
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전판석,이승명,조하영,양의중,장석정,신호 대한신경외과학회 1995 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.24 No.1
Preoperative assessment of electrocardiographical(EKG) abnormalities in the patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) is important. Authors analyzed 58 SAH patients who had EKG abnormalities of neurogenic origin. EKG abnormalities consisted of T wave abnormality, arrhythmia. ST segment change. QT prolongation and U wave. Five patients were dead in this study because of brain swelling(3cases) and cerebral spasm(2 cases). EKG abnormalities were normalized 13 days after aneurysmal SAH. Radioactive nuclear(^(99m)Tc-pyrophosphate) scan of myocardial revealed normal findings in the patients with EKG abnormalities of neurogenic origin. It is concluded that life-saving surgical intervention need not be delayed in the patients with EKG abnormalities of neurogenic origin. On the other hand, patients who had cardiac origin EKG abnormalities need a careful and detailed preanesthetic cardiac evaluation.
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梁判石 한국한문교육학회 2002 한문교육논집 Vol.19 No.-
漢文敎育에 있어서 가장 기본이라 할 수 있는 基礎漢字에 대한 지식수준은 갈수록 저하되고 있다. 이 같은 현상의 원인은 여러 가지가 있을 수 있겠지만, 한문 교육 목표와 관련하여 評價에서 찾을 수 있을 것이다. 왜냐하면 평가는 敎育課程에서 제시하고 있는 목표를 학생들이 얼마나 잘 성취하고 있는지를 확인하는 수단이기 때문이다. 高等學校 漢文科 評價의 問題點과 改善 方案에 대한 先行硏究에서는, 주로 다양한 評價 問項을 開發해야 한다는 쪽으로 치우친 경향이 많다. 따라서 本稿에서는 새로운 평가 문항을 하나 추가하기보다는, 평가가 갖는 제도적·현실적인 문제를 감안한 실질적인 평가 방안을 모색해 본 것이다. 먼저 제7차 교육과정에 있어서 고등학교 한문과의 位相과 그에 따른 評價上의 問題點을 살펴보았다. 첫째, 漢文敎科가 選擇科目이 됨으로써 학습자들로부터 소홀히 다루어지는 성향 때문에 정상적인 평가가 어렵게 되었다는 점이다. 따라서 평가 문항의 개발만으로는 평가의 정상화를 기대하기 어려울 전망이다. 둘째, 정상적인 평가를 위해 한문과의 시수 확보가 선행되어야 하며, 정해진 단위수도 반드시 지켜져야 한다. 셋째, 수행평가가 정상적으로 시행되기 위한 여건의 조성을 들 수 있다. 그러기 위해서 우선 班別 학생수의 감소가 선행되어야 한다. 또한 평가의 客觀性과 公正性이 확보되어야 하고, 아울러 기본점수를 주는 등 점수 부풀리기 식은 사라져야 한다. 고등학교 한문과 평가는 이렇듯 제도적인 제반 사항이 갖추어지지 않는 상황에서 실시되었고, 그로 인한 여러 가지 문제점이 惹起되었다. 특히 漢文敎育에 있어 가장 중요하고도 바탕이 되는 基礎漢字도 모르는 소외 漢盲을 낳기에 이르렀다. 따라서 평가의 정상화를 위한 이상적인 방안을 제시할 것이 아니라, 맨먼저 현재 학생들의 수준과 교육여건을 고려한 평가 방안이 반드시 모색되어야 한다는 것이다. 첫째, 고등학교 학습의 기초가 되는 중학교용 기초한자 900자에 대한 진단 평가를 권장하였다. 둘째, 한문과의 학습 목표가 한자·한자어·한문 능력 습득이라는 점층적 구조 속에 있다는 점에 착안하여, 그 基底가 되는 한자 학습을 언급하였다. 아울러 한자 쓰기 평가의 강화를 몇 가지 방법과 함께 제시하였다. 셋째, 가장 기본적인 사항인 字典活用을 권장하고 그것을 평가에 반영하는 점을 거론하였다. The level of Korean students' basic knowledge about Chinese Characters is gradually decreasing. One of the reasons about this could be the assessment related to the objectives of Chinese Characters subject since assessment is an instrument to measure students' achievement in the educational curriculum. In the previous studies, problems and solutions of assessing Chinese Characters had a tendency to focus on developing the diverse testing forms. In this study, I search for systematic, authentic ways of improving assessment rather than making new test problems in a testing form. The status of Chinese Characters and its problems in assessment in the seventh educational curriculum are presented in this study. First, the reasonable assessment is impossible in Chinese Characters subject because students are not enthusiastic in studying Chinese characters, because the subject is optional, not mandatory. Second, the credit hours for Chinese Characters subject should be acquired and the subject should be taught exactly according to the credit hours. Third, the overall conditions for assessment should be soundly built such as appropriate class size, the reliability and fairness of the subject. These problems led many students to be illiterate of Chinese characters who do not even know the basic Chinese letters. Against the above problems, the assessment should consider the level of students and educational environment rather than presenting the ideal ways about assessment. The solution would be like this : First, the diagnostic assessment is recommended, testing 900 Chinese letters used in the middle school. Second, the learning of Chinese letters are mentioned from the perspective that the learning objectives of Chinese Characters subject are in the spiral structure of Chinese letters, Korean words based on Chinese letters, and it's ability of acquisition. Third, the use of Chinese-Korean dictionary is recommended and its use should be involved in the assessment.
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전판석,양의중,장석정,김충현,윤재룡,신호 대한신경외과학회 1994 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.23 No.7
The development and differentiation of cells in the spinal ganglion were studied by electron microscopy in human fetuses ranging from 12㎜ to 260㎜ crown rump length. At 12㎜ embryo the primitive neuroblasts which had a single process, contained a large numbers of free ribosome and mitochondria but very little rough endoplasmic reticulum. At 30㎜ fetus, the primitive spinal ganglion consisted of bipolar neuroblasts, satellite cells and undifferentiated cells. Spindle-shaped bipolar neuroblasts formed spinal ganglion of loosely grouped cells at 50㎜ fetus. Two neuroblast cell types, a small cell contained large clumps of rough endoplasmic reticulum at periphery, could be distinguished. At 80㎜ fetus, the spinal ganglion constituted of bipolar neuroblast with apparently random distribution of small and large neurous with process, together with satellite cells and blood vessels. The presences of a large numbers of neurotubules in the Golgi-central region were one of the first sign of further maturation of the neuroblast. During next prenatal stage from 120㎜ on fetus, the ganglion cells were large and contained much rough endoplasmic reticulum, neurotubules and extensive Golgi complex. A large number of neuroblasts became transformed into unipolar cells from 180㎜ to 260㎜ feuts. Nissl bodies appeared during this stage. The ganglion-satellite cell boundary became complicated with increasing age, thus enlarging in parallel with the increase in volume of the nerve cell. During next prenatal stage up to 180㎜ fetus, the unipolar ganglion cell increased in number and size, and the cytoplsm contained all intracytoplasmic structures which were also found in mature spinal ganglion except for large pigment granules.
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