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빙선혜(Sun Hye Bing),이상욱(Sang Wook Lee),황순진(Soon Jin Hwang),오인혜(In Hye Oh) 한국하천호수학회 2002 생태와 환경 Vol.35 No.2
Seasonal change of total bacterial numbers were estimated in Daechung Reservoir from September, 1998 to August, 1999 and environmental factors which affects total bacterial numbers were estimated. Total bacterial numbers ranged between 1.2 and 19.0×10 exp (6) cells/㎖ and averaged 6.9 ×10 exp (6) calls/㎖. Bacterial numbers changed dynamically with season. The bacterial numbers were highest in July and showed peaks in April and July in sites studied except for the HOE(Hoenam site). In the HOE(Hoenam site), total bacterial numbers increased ove the period of March∼August. The correlation coefficient between bacterial number and chlorophyll a(<200㎛) was r=0.72(p<0.05) at the MAN(man site). Total bacterial numbers in Daechung Reservoir was diversely changed by the seasonal variation of several environmental quality parameters.
도심의 얕은 인공호인 일감호의 수질변화특성과 퇴적환경의 평가
김호섭 ( Kim Ho Seob ),황순진 ( Hwang Sun Jin ),고재만 ( Ko Jae Man ) 한국하천호수학회 2003 생태와 환경 Vol.36 No.2
The present study evaluated water quality variation, limiting nutrient, and sediment of a shallow eutrophic lake (Lake Ilgam) in the metropolitan area from 2000 to 2002. According to annual mean chl. α (77.2±36.6μg/l) and TP (66.6±20.5μg/l) concentration and trophic state index(>60), Lake Ilgam was in very eutrophic status. Both inorganic nitrogen (NH_3-N and NO_3-N) and phosphorus (SRP) concentrations in the water column increased during winter and spring, but decreased during summer followed by the phytoplankton development. Evidence for phosphorus and nitrogen as being the potential limiting nutrients for phytoplankton growth was supported by the ratio of DIN/DIP (by mass) (~835.8), TSI derivations analysis, and algal growth potential bioassay. Based on the results of TSI derivations, strong nutrient limitation by both N and P occurred from September to November when P content in sediment (114.6 mg P/kg) was relatively low compared with the summer. Sediment contained a large amount of nitrogen (TKN: 4,452±283.0 mg N/kg dry sediment). Phosphorus content in sediment (TP: 313±155 mg P/kg) was relatively low with temporal change. P release rate (0.29±0.02 mg m^-2 day^-1) was high under the aerobic condition at pH 9. These results indicate that the sediment could play an important role as a source of a limiting nutrient, and temporal change of P content in the sediment is closely related with water quality, especially algal biomass change in Lake Ilgam.
부영양 저수지에서 식물플랑크톤 성장에 대한 제한영양염과 질소/인 비의 영향
김호섭 ( Kim Ho Seob ),황순진 ( Hwang Sun Jin ) 한국하천호수학회 2004 생태와 환경 Vol.37 No.1
We evaluated the effect of limiting nutrients and N/P ratio on the growth of phytoplankton in a small eutrophic reservoir from November 2002 to December 2003. Nutrient limitation was investigated seasonally using nutrient enrichment bioassay (NEB). DIN/DTP and TN/TP ratio (by weight) of the reservoir during the study period ranged 17∼187 and 17∼187 and 13∼60, respectively. Most of nitrogen in the reservoir account for NO₃-N, but sharp increase of ammonia was evident during the spring season. Seasonal variation of dissolved inorganic phosphorus concentration was relatively small. DTP ranged 26.5∼10.1㎍P L^(-1), and the highest and lowest concentration was observed in August and December, respectively. Chlorophyll a concentration ranged 28.8∼109.7㎍L^(-1), and its temporal variation was similar to that of cell density of phytoplankton. Dominant phytoplankton species were Bacillariphyceae (Melosira varians) and Chlorophyceae(Dictyosphaerium puchellum) in Spring (March∼April). Cyanophyceae, such as Oscillatoria spp., Microcystis spp., Aphanizomenon sp. dominated from May to the freezing time. TN/TP ratio ranged from 46 to 13(Avg. 27±6) from June to December when cyanobacteria(Microcystis spp.)dominated. P limitation for algal growth measured in all NEB experiments(17 cases), while N limitation occurred in 8 out of 17 cases. The growth rates of phytoplankton slightly increased with decreasing of DIN/DTP ratio. Evident increase was observed in the N/P ratio of>30, and it was sustained with DTP increase until 50㎍P L^(-1). Under the same N/P mass ratio with the different N concentrations (0.07, 0.7 and 3.5㎎N L^(-1)),Microcystis spp. showed the highest growth rate in the N/P ratio of<1 with nitrogen concentration of 3.5㎎N L^(-1). The responses of phytoplankton growth to phosphate addition were clearly greater with increase of N concentration. These results indicate that the higher nitrogen concentration in the water likely induce the stronger P-limitation the phytoplankton growth, while nitrogen deficiency is not likely the case of nutrient limitation.
신재기 ( Shin Jae Gi ),황순진 ( Hwang Sun Jin ) 한국하천호수학회 2003 생태와 환경 Vol.36 No.2
For a biological assessment of Pyeongtaek Reservoir and its major influent streams, an algal growth potential test (AGPT) was conducted with blue-green algae Microcystis aeruginoas in March, Jun, September and December, 2000. The range and average value of AGPT were from 0 to 463 mg dw/l and 90 mg dw/l, respectively. For the influent streams in particular, the average value of AGPT was the highest in the Hwangguchi Stream (343 mg dw/l). It decreased to 158, 66, 29, 21, and 21 mg dw/l in the Sojong Stream, Songhwan Stream, Osan Stream, Chinwi Stream, and Ansong Stream, respectively. The AGPT values in the reservoir ranged from 0 to 138 mg dw/l (mean 54 mg dw/l) with a tendency to increase in the upstream, which was close to the influent streams. In general, the AGPT values decreased further in the downstream. Immediately after the abrupt increase in influent discharge in summer, the AGPT value in the downstream almost doubled due to the proliferation of blue-further deteriorated during the drought period. The AGPT values showed the closest correlation with the content of P (r=0.999, p<0.001). Thus, it could be concluded that the content of P is highly effective in the growth of algae. In the Pyeongtaek Reservoir Watershed, the AGPT values varied in space and time. It was also closely related to the nutrient content of influent streams. The AGPT values revealed that the water quality state was hypertrophic (>20 mg dw/l). Thus, control of the aquatic environment is essential. AGPT is very useful in evaluating the fertility and pollution state of the water as well as determining the nutrients that limit the growth of algae.
신재기 ( Sin Jae Gi ),황순진 ( Hwang Sun Jin ),김동섭 ( Kim Dong Seob ),강창근 ( Kang Chang Geun ) 한국하천호수학회 2003 생태와 환경 Vol.36 No.3
The fertility of stream water in major streams of the Lake Shihwa Watershed was compared using water analyses and algal growth potential test (AGPT) in typical drought seasons from December 2001 to April 2002. The water quality varied considerably depending on streams. These streams were very rich in inorganic nutrients that the nutrient levels and characteristics of each stream could be easily determined. Through AGPT, 63.6% of growth was observed in the average values of each stream, with non-growth accounting for 36.4%. AGPT results showed that 40.9% of the 22 stations were in hypertrophic condition and 54.5% in eutrophic condition. AGPT values were significantly correlated with TIN, NH₄, and SRP (P<0.001); compared to other nutrients, however, they were more related to SRP and NH4. Moreover, the values increased with high concentration of N and P and low N/P ratios. Nonetheless, the values were more dependent on P concentration than N concentration. This suggests that the effect P on the water quality of lake situated in downstream may serve as a potential indicator of phytoplankton development. Depending on the drainage pattern of streams, the wastewaters of wastewater treatment plant (WwTP) and untreated wastewater (UTW) were found to have 53.4% and 46.6%, respectively, of TIN, 51.9% and 48.1% of NH₄, 62.8% and 37.1% of NO₃, 62.6% and 37.4% of SRP, and 44.1% and 55.9% of SRSi. The AGPT value was 51.1% in WwTP wastewater and 48.9% in UTW wastewater, the concentration of WwTP wastewater was slightly higher. For untreated wastewaters flowing into the constructed wetland and into the lake, TIN accounts for 43.0% and 57.0%, respectively, of nitrogen components, NH₄ 44.4% and 55.6%, NO₃ 39.6% and 60.4%, SRP 53.5% and 46.5%, and SRSi 52.3% and 47.7%, respectively. The AGPT value was 58.0% in the constructed wetland and 42.0% in Lake Shihwa; the concentration in streams flowing into the wetland was slightly higher. Therefore, persistent and large development of phytoplankton in Lake Shihwa cannot be prevented unless a measure to hytoplankton control is implemented. This is because the concentration of nutrients in specific streams flowing into the lake is very high, even though the inflow of water is low.
하천형 저수지 팔당호의 육수학적 특성: 수문과 수환경 요인
신재기 ( Sin Jae Gi ),황순진 ( Hwang Sun Jin ),강창근 ( Kang Chang Geun ),김호섭 ( Kim Ho Seob ) 한국하천호수학회 2003 생태와 환경 Vol.36 No.3
This study aimed to determine the relationship between rainfall-discharge patterns and major aquatic environmental factors in a river-type reservoir. Specifically, daily monitoring was conducted in Paltang Reservoir from January 1999 to December 2001. Observation of the daily changes of the environment factors showed that natural meteorological factors and hydrological factors causing the change of water discharge had a major effect on the aquatic environment. Rainfall was the main source of hydrological changes, with its frequency a possible direct variable governing the range of discharge changes. Rainfall was weak in November~ May and heavy in June~October (heavist in summer). The range of water discharge was greatest during summer(July to September) and lowest during winter(january to February). A principal component analysis (PCA) showed that aquatic environmental factors could be classified into three different types in the pattern of annual variation. First, type I included water temperature, turbidity, water color and organic matter(COD), which increased with increasing water discharge. Second, type Ⅱ consisted of DO and pH, which decreased with increasing water discharge. Third type Ⅲ included conductivity, alkalinity and chloride ion, which showed middle values with increasing water discharge, Monthly variation of aquatic environments explained by the first two dimensions of PCA suggests that aquatic environments explained by the first two dimensions of the PCA suggests that aquatic environments of Paltang Reservoir may have annual cycle typical of river-type reservoirs depending on hydrological factor such as water discharge.