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오픈 소스 개발자들의 참여 의도 강화 기제 및 참여 지속 의도에 관한 연구: 사회 정체성 이론과 조직시민행동 이론에 기반하여
최정홍,최주희,이혜선,황보환,이인성,김진우,Choi, Junghong,Choi, Joohee,Lee, Hye Sun,Hwangbo, Hwan,Lee, Inseong,Kim, Jinwoo 한국경영정보학회 2013 Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems Vol.23 No.3
Open Source Software Development (OSSD) differentiates itself from traditional closed software development in that it reveals its source codes online and allows anyone to participate in projects. Even though its success was in doubt, many of the open collaborative working models produced successful results. Academia started to get interested in how developers are willing to participate even when there are no extrinsic rewards for their efforts. Many studies tried to explain developers' motivations, and the pursuit of ideology, reputation, and altruism are found to be the answers. Those studies, however, focused mostly on how the first contribution is made out of a certain motivation. Nowadays, OSSD reaches at its maturity and 70% of professional developers have used or utilized open source software or code in their works. As the proportion of people experiencing OSS, the accounts from previous studies are expected to be weakened. Also, extant literature fails to explain how the motivation of participating in OSS evolves over time and experiences. Given that changing over time or over experiences is the natural in the perception of motivation, studies in an attempt to understand how the motivation changes or evolves are in need. In this study, we aimed to explain how the perception about OSS from past usage or related experiences leads to the intention to sustain OSS participations. By doing so, we try to bridge the gap between previous studies and the actual phenomenon. We argued that perceived instrumentality about OSS learned from past experiences will first affect the formation of organizational identity towards general OSS community. And once the organizational identity is formed, it will affect the one's following behaviors related to OSS development, most likely to sustain the favoring stance toward OSS community. Our research distinguishes itself from previous one in that it divides the paths from organizational identity formed to the intention to sustain the voluntary helping behaviors, by altruistic and conforming intentions. Drawing on this structural model, we could explain how organizational identity engages in forming the sustaining intention from past experiences, and that the intention to help at individual level and organizational level works at different level in OSS community. We grounded our arguments on Social identity theory and Organizational Citizenship theory. We examined our assumption by constructing a structural equation model (SEM) and had 88 developers to answer our online surveys. The result is analyzed by PLS (partial least square) method. Consequently, all paths but one in our model are supported, the one which assumed the association between perceived instrumentality and altruistic intention. Our results provide directions in designing online collaborative platforms where open access collaboration is meant to occur. Theoretically, our study suggests that organizational citizenship behavior can occur from organizational identity, even in bottom-up organizational settings. More specifically, we also argue to consider both organizational level and individual level of motivation in inducing sustained participations within the platforms. Our result can be interpreted to indicate the importance of forming organizational identity in sustaining the participatory behaviors. It is because there was no direct association between perceived instrumentality from past experiences and altruistic behavior, but the perception of organizational identity bridges the two constructs. This means that people with no organizational identity can sustain their participations through conforming intention from only the perception of instrumentality, but it needs little more than that for the people to feel the intention to directly help someone in the community-first to form the self-identity as a member of the given community.
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운전자의 정신적 작업 부하 평가를 위한 주관적 측정 기법 내 비교 연구
김지연(Ji Yeon Kim),김선웅(Sunwoong Kim),황보환(Hwan Hwangbo),고상민(Sang Min Ko),지용구(Yong Gu Ji) 한국HCI학회 2012 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.1
1990 년대부터 운전자에게 부가되는 과도한 정신적 요구는 교통 사고의 중요한 원인 중 하나로 부각되고 있다. 또한, 최근 차량 내 정보 기기의 사용과 지능형 자동차로의 변화로 인해 운전자의 정신적 부하의 측정은 매우 중요하게 작용하고 있다. 하지만, 운전자에게 부가되는 정신적 작업 부하의 원인에 관한 연구에 비하여 정신적 작업 부하 측정 기법에 관한 연구는 상대적으로 미흡한 추세이며 그 효용성에 대한 객관적인 연구 역시 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 운전자의 정신적 작업 부하를 측정할 수 있는 방법론 중 시간/노력의 경제성으로 인하여 가장 보편적으로 이용되고 있는 주관적 측정 방법론을 민감성을 중심으로 가장 효율적인 기법을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위해 총 19 명의 20-30 대 운전자를 대상으로 모의 주행을 실시함으로써 DALI, NASA-TLX, Bedford scale, ZEIS 를 통한 정신적 작업 부하를 측정하였으며 각 주관적 기법의 비교를 통해 주행 상황에서의 정신적 작업 부하 측정에 가장 효율적인 기법을 도출하였다. 그 결과, 민감성 측면에서 단일 차원(ZEIS, Bedford scale)보다는 다 차원의 기법(NASA-TLX, DALI)이 더욱 정신적 작업 부하 측정에 우세한 것으로 나타났다. Driver's mental workload is considered as one of the most important factor of causing traffic accident. Moreover, recently, the automobile became the smart cat since the use of smart device in automobile has increased. However, the studies of measures for measuring mental workload have been rarely conducted compared to the studies of causes of affecting driver's mental workload. Thus, in this paper we will propose the most effective subjective measure for measuring driver's mental workload in terms of sensitivity. For this, we conducted driving simulation to measure mental workload through DALI, NASA-TLX, Bedford scale and ZEIS. A total of 19 drivers (20-30 years) joined the experiment and the results of experiment were analyzed by comparing subjective measures. The analyzed results showed that multi-dimensional measures (NASA-TLX, DALI) were more effective than uni-dimensional measures (ZEIS, Bedford-scale) in terms of sensitivity.
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