GABA가 함유된 클로렐라 섭취 및 자발적인 휠 달리기 운동이 자연발생고혈압쥐의 혈압, 주행량 및 항산화 효소에 미치는 영향

원상연,김정수,이미영,오광훈 한국운동생리학회 2013 운동과학 Vol.22 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chlorella intake and voluntary wheel running on blood pressure, running distance and antioxidant enzyme in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Male SHR were divided into 4 groups:control(SHR-C), exercise(SHR-Ex), chlorella intake(SHR-CI) and chlrolella + exercise(SHR-CEx) at a 6 weeks of age respectively. SHR-CI and SHR-CEx were administered GABA during the experimental period(0.5mg/㎏/day). Exercised SHR were placed in cages with rotating wheels to allow voluntary running. Body weight, running distance, food consumption were measured every week. Blood pressure were measured every 2 weeks. After 12 weeks of feeding, values of antioxidant enzyme activity(superoxide dismutase;SOD, glutachion peroxidase;GPx, catalase;CAT) and malondialdehide(MDA) were measured on blood. The results were as follows. Blood pressure significantly decreased in SHR-CI and SHR-CEx(p<.01), and SHR-Ex lower than SHR-C(p<.01). Running distance significantly increased in SHR-CEx compared to SHR-Ex(p<.01). SOD and GPx were significantly elevated in SHR-Ex and SHR-CEx but CAT showed no changes. MDA was significantly decreased in SHR-Ex and SHR-CEx and increased in SHR-C and SHR-CI. These results suggest that the combined treatment of chlorella intake and voluntary exercise can reduce blood pressure and increase running distance and antioxidant enzyme in male SHR. 본 연구의 목적은 클로렐라 섭취와 자발적인 휠 달리기 운동이 자연발생고혈압쥐(SHR)의 혈압, 주행량 및 항산화효소에 미치는 영향을 탐색하는데 있다. 본 실험에서는 6주령 SHR을 4그룹(통제군, 운동군, 클로렐라 섭취군, 클로렐라+운동 군)으로 각각 나누었으며, 클로렐라 섭취 군은 하루에 체중 1㎏ 당 0.5mg 비율로 GABA 성분을 섭취하도록 하였고, 운동군은 자발적인 휠 달리기 운동이 가능한 우리에서 사육하였다. 체중, 주행량, 식이섭취량은 매주, 혈압은 2주마다 측정하였으며, 혈중 항산화 효소는 실험 시작 전과 12 주간의 사육 후 측정하였다. 혈압은 SHR-CI와 SHR-CEx에서 유의하게 감소하였으며, SHR-Ex에서는 유의한 감소는 나타나지 않았지만 대조군에 비해 혈압이 유의하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다(p<.01). 자발적인 휠 운동에 따른 주행량은 클로렐라와 운동을 병행한 SHR-CEx에서 유의하게 증가하였으며(p<.01), SHR-Ex에서는 9주 후에 감소하는 양상을 나타냈다. 항산화 효소는 SHR-Ex와 SHR-CEx에서 SOD 및 GPx 값이 유의하게 증가하였으며(p<.01), CAT 값에는 변화가 나타나지 않았다. MDA는 자발적 운동에 참여한 SHR-Ex 및 SHR-CEx에서 유의하게 감소하였으며, SHR-C 및 SHR-CI에서는 유의하게 증가하였다(p<.01). 이와 같은 결과를 종합해 볼 때 클로렐라 섭취와 자발적인 운동의 복합 처치는 자연발생고혈압쥐의 혈압을 낮추고, 주행량 및 항산화효소를 증가시키는데 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

저항운동 강도에 따른 leptin의 반응

유재현 ( Jae Hyun Yoo ),김은경 ( Eun Kyung Kim ),유광욱 ( Kwang Wook Yoo ) 한국운동생리학회 2004 운동과학 Vol.13 No.2

Yoo, J.H., Kim, E.K., Yoo, K.W. The Responses of leptln on Resistance Exercise of Various Intensities. Exercise Science, 13(2): 223-232, 2004. Resistance exercise has been one of the major potent stimulus to the neuromuscular system. Based on the specific program design, resistance training has been reported to enhance strength, power, or local muscular endurance. However, the scientifc basis of the exercise intensity has not been enough to manifest about several hormone. So, the purpose of this study was to define that the responses of appetite hormone(leptin) after resistance exercise of high level intensity(HI), moderate level intensity(MI), and low level intensity(LI). The subjects for this study were 9 men (Age=25.4±3.56yrs.;height=175.6±4.46cm; weight=71.6±8.97kg) who didn`t have history of cardiopulmonary diseases and medical problems. They performed the circuit resistance training using HI(10reps at 80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), 1min rest), MI(13reps at 60% of 1RM, 1min rest), and LI(20reps at 40% of 1RM, 1min rest) protocols with 3 sets. Approximately, total exercise volume was 39,000J on all of the exercise protocols. Hormonal concentration was measured at three of different times: pre, post and recovery thirty minutes of the exercise. For the data, all of the measurements were represented by mean and standard deviation using SPSS statistical package(version 10,0). The statistical techniques for data analysis were two-way repeated ANOVA to determine the differences between each intensity and each time. The 5%, level of significance was used as the critical level for acceptance of hypotheses of the study. The results of this study were shown as followed; No differences in exercise intensty and time were observed in appetite hormone(leptin). Particularly, the trend was shown that leptin was decreased after resistance exercise on 40%, and 80% of 1RM; whereas, leptin was increased on 60% of 1RM. In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that MI resistance exercise training could contribute to decrease to improvement of appetite more than HI or LI resistance exercise could.

지구성 운동강도 차이가 streptozotocin 유발 당뇨쥐의 인슐린 및 골격근 제4형 당수송체(GLUT-4) 발현에 미치는 영향

김영표 ( Young Pyo Kim ),윤진환 ( Jin Hwan Yoon ),정일규 ( Il Gyu Jeong ),김종오 ( Jong Oh Kim ),서태범 ( Tae Beom Seo ),김홍 ( Hong Kim ),김창주 ( Chang Ju Kim ),채정룡 ( Jeong Ryong Chae ) 한국운동생리학회 2004 운동과학 Vol.13 No.2

Kim, Y.P., Yoon, J.H.,Jeong, I.G., Kim, J.O., Seo, T.B., Kim, H., Kim, C.J., Chae, J.R. The effect of exercise intensity on blood insulin and GLUT-4 protein expression of skeletal muscle in STZ-diabetic and rats. Exercise Science, 13(2): 211-222, 2004. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise intensity on blood insulin and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) protein expression of skeletal muscle in STZ-diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal, diabetes(DM), diabetic low-intensity exercise(DLE), and diabetic high-intensity exercise(DHE) groups. Animals of the exercise groups were put on running for 30 min once a day, 5days per week for 4 weeks. The regimen of low-intensity exercise consisted with running at speed of 10 m/min, high- Intensity exercise was 24 m/min, on 0% grade. In the present results, weight gain of the rats in DM, DLE, and DHE groups was significantly lowered compared to normal group, and decreased by exercise. Plasma glucose concentration in DM, DLE, and DHE groups was significantly higher than that of normal group, the concentration of DLE group was significantly lower than that of DM, DHE group in 3 and 4 weeks. Plasma insulin concentration in normal, DLE groups was significantly highered in compared to DM, DHE groups, and the concentration of DHE group was significantly higher than that of DM group. GLUT-4 protein level of soleus in DM group was remarkably decreased compared to normal group, but the lev디 was recovered to the level of normal group by 4 week low-intensity exercise. In conclusion, the insulin resistance induced by STZ administration was partially improve by 4 week low-intensity endurance exercise.

α- , β-차단제 투여와 지구성 운동이 본태성 고혈압쥐의 혈압과 운동능력에 미치는 효과

전종귀,김세훈,전병화,김일곤 한국운동생리학회 1998 운동과학 Vol.7 No.1

운동 시 제 1형 당뇨쥐의 골격근 및 간 조직내 Pro- & Macroglycogen 동원의 차이

조인호 ( In Ho Cho ) 한국운동생리학회 2004 운동과학 Vol.13 No.2

Cho, I.H. The dfference of pro- & macroglycogen depletion in type Ⅰ diabetic rat liver and skletal muscle during exercise. Exercise Science, 13(2): 201-210, 2004, We investigated the effects of prolonged exercise on glycogen(total, proglycogen and macroglycogen) mobiization in liver and soleus muscle from type Ⅰ diabetic rat. Recently it has been reported that glycogen exists in two distinguish forms, prolycogen, (PG, acid-insolude, ~4oo kDa) and macroglycogen (MG, acid-soluble, ~10,000 KDa), and they are regulated differently during exercise in normal skeletal muscle. However, little is known about the physiological and the metabolic differences between these two forms of glycogen in diabetic muscles. For this study, thirty two rats were used and were divided into two experimental conditions: either control (CON) or streptozotocin-induced diabetic (DM). Animals in each condition were randomly assigned to one of two groups: sacrificed at resting condition without exercise (REST), sacrificed immediately after exercise(EXE). All animals in exercising groups swam for 3hr (30min, 5min rest x 6 bouts), then liver and soleus muscle was dissected out and freezed for further analysis. Plasma glucose concentration at rest was significantly higher in DM than CON (p<.05). Liver total glycogen contents at rest were not significantly different between both groups, but exercise induced a significantly reduction in CON(p<.05) but not in DM. Interestingly, muscle total and PG content in DM at rest was higher than in CON. The patterns of muscle PG depletion during exercise was mostly same as total glycogen at both groups. Prolonged exercise resulted in no significant decrease in muscle total and PG contents in both groups. MG content at rest was not significantly different between both groups. MG content was significantly decreased in DM immediately after exercise(p<.05). It was concluded that there was no significant reduction of liver total glycogen in DM after exercise. Muscle total and PG showed similar pattern in both groups respectively, but it was significantly different in MG content between normal and diabetic liver and skeletal muscle during rest and exercise.

과체중 및 비만 여성에서 운동 후 ST 분절의 상승과 심박수-회복 궤도(Rate-Recovery Loop)의 변화

고성경 ( Seong Kyeong Ko ),최건식 ( Kun Sik Choi ) 한국운동생리학회 2004 운동과학 Vol.13 No.2

Ko, S.K., Choi, K.S. Post-Exercise ST Segment Elevation and the Rate-Recovery Loop in Obese and Hyperlipidemic Women. Exercise Science, 13(2): 167-176, 2004. This study investigated post-exercise ST segment elevation and the rate-recovery loop in obese and hyperlipidemic women. The subjects were 25-40 years old and were classfied into four group: Normal Wesght(NW, n=12), Overweight-Normal Cholesterol (0WNC, n=12), Overweight-Hypercholesterolemic (OHC, n=11), and Obese-Hypercholesterolemic (OHC, n=11). During and after treadmill exercise, the ST segment was measured in ECG lead V5. The Rate-RLI (recovery loop index) was the mean ST segment elevation during each heartbeat in the rate-recovery loop. During exercise, the ST segment was depressed. The St segments in the OWNC, OWHC, and OHC groups were depressed below 100㎶ (1mm), which is considered diagnostic of ischemia. In the same groups, the ST segments differed significantly from the respective resting level in each group at 6-min exercise and submaximum in NW, at submaximum and 1-min recovery in OWNC, at 6-min exercise, submaximum, and 1-min recovery in OWHC, and at submaximum and l-and 3-min recovery in OHC. The rate-recovery loops were counterclockwise in NW, OWNC, and OWHC, but clockwise in OHC. The Rate-RLI was +335, +467, +354, and +215㎶ in NW, OWNC, OWHC, and OHC, respectively. There was not post-exercise St segment depression in normal or obese woman, but He ST segment was elevated above the normal level immediately after stopping exercise. The rate-recovery loop of obese women was an Intermediate loop, reflecting a higher risk of coronary artery disease than in women of normal weight.

고령자들의 심혈관계 질환 위험 요소와 운동참여 여부가 심혈관계 위험 요인, 건강도, 운동능력, 성인병 발병률 및 사망률에 미치는 영향

김남익 ( Nam Ik Kim ) 한국운동생리학회 2004 운동과학 Vol.13 No.2

Kim, N.I. The effects of the cardiovascular disease risk factors and exercise participation on CVD risk factors, health, exercise capacity, morbidity and mortality of degenerative disease in the elderly. Exercise Science, 13(2): 151-160, 2004. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the cardiovascular disease risk factors and exercise participation on CVD risk factors, health, exercise capacity, morbidity and mortality of degenerative disease in the elderly. In the cardiovascular risk factors were appeared that a cardiac function(men), and body fat(women). In the health and exercise capacity, it appeared that a active group who participate in exercise and another group of cardiovascular disease. It appeared also that the morbidity of degenerative diseases and cardiovascular diseases are higher in the group of the inactive who do not participate in exercise than in the active group and participate in exercise: and regarding the cause of morbidity, it higher appeared that serum lipids. It appeared that mortality is higher in the inactive group than the active group; and regarding the cause of death, it higher appeared that cardiac disease, And it appeared also that the death subjects are significantly affected by their living habit, exercise habit, and physical activity. In conclusion, When decline of physical fitness is remarkably weakened by cardiac function, body composition and lack of exercise, it can be assumed that morbidity of degenerative diseases and mortality increase.

수중재활운동이 뇌졸증 편마비환자의 심폐기능 개선에 미치는 영향

남상남 ( Nam Sang Nam ),김종혁 ( Jong Hyuck Kim ),조영수 ( Young Su Cho ) 한국운동생리학회 2004 운동과학 Vol.13 No.2

Nam, S.N., Kim, J.H., Cho, Y.S. The Effect of Aqua-Rehabliltation Exercise on the cardiopulmonary function improving in a cerebral apoplexy hemiplegia case. Exercise Science, 13(2): 141-150, 2004. The purpose of this study was to examine `The effect of aquatic rehabilitation exercise on the cardiopulmonary function improving In a cerebral apoplexy hemiplegic case` toward twenty(20) stroke patients who were utilizing S Senior Welfare Center located in S area. With the results of this study, follow conclusions were drawn. Experimental- Ⅰ group(aquatic rehabilitation exercise group) showed a significant variation in total exercise hour(p<.01) and anaerobic threshold hour (p<.01) of observed variables regarding cardiopulmonary function. Concerning variation and comparison between three groups, a significant difference was found from experimental- Ⅰ group and control group, experimental- Ⅱ group and control group (p<.01) in total exercise hour, from experimental- Ⅰ group and experimental- Ⅱ group, experimental- Ⅰ group and control group(p<.05) in anaerobic threshold hour, and from experimental- Ⅰ group and control group(p<.05) in V0₂max for anaerobic threshold. Therefore, it`s demonstrated that aquatic rehabilitation exercise has a positive effect on hemlplegic patients after stroke when it is studies on appropriate exercise intensity and concrete effect according to exercise type should be performed constantly when aquatic rehabilitation exercise is applied to disabled persons with other diseases, old persons, and pregnant women.

최대하 운동부하 검사 시 농구용 휠체어의 캠버와 핸드림 크기가 에너지 대사 및 심폐기능에 미치는 영향

전병환 ( Jeon Byeong Hwan ),임비오 ( Im Bi O ) 한국운동생리학회 2004 운동과학 Vol.13 No.1

Jeon, B.H., Lim, B.O. The effect of the camber and handrim size of wheelchair on the energy metabolism and cardiovascular functions during the submaximal exercise test. Exercise science, 13(1): 125-136, 2004. The purpose of this study was to examine that the effect of wheelchair camber and handrim size on the energy expenditure(EE) and fat utilization as the energy metabolism factors and oxygen uptake(??O_(2)) and hreat rate(HR) as the cardiovascular function factors during submaximal exercise test. 5 healthy wheel-chair basketball players without lower extremity paralysis peformed the submaximal exercise protocol as the exercise test with measuring the factors by portable gas analyzer. The results suggest that 20 degree of chamber was higher than 16 degree of it in EE and fat utilization as the energy metabolism factors and ??O_(2) and HR as the cardiovascular function factors during the test. As the conclusion, 20 degree of camber was higher in the aspect of cardiovascular function and energy metabolism than 16 degree was.

저항운동이 노인의 체력 및 균형감각기능에 미치는 영향

옥정석 ( Og Jeong Seog ),박우영 ( Park U Yeong ) 한국운동생리학회 2004 운동과학 Vol.13 No.1

Oak, J.S,, Park, W.Y. Effects of resistance training on fitness and equilibrium sensory function in old adults. Exercise Science, 13(1): 101-112, 2004. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of 8-week resistance training on fitness and equilibrium sensory function of old adults. Twelve healthy old adults (men =5, women = 7) who were 77 years of mean age participated in resistance training program. They were trained for one hour a day, three times per week. We measured subjects` fitness and equilibrium sensory function levels by computerized dynamic posturography, and analyzed mean differences of observed variables by paired t - test between the pre and post test. The data indicated that there are significant differences in grip strength (p<.01), scores of tandem test (p<.01), walk test with eyes closed 50 steps (p<.05), equilibrium score in condition 1 (p<.01), and LF-latency (p<.05) of posturography between pre and post test. The results of this study reveal that resistance training exercise will improve fitness and equilibrium sensory function, and enhance their healthy life style to old adults.