중국 “13.5 기간” 에너지 정책 현황

허려화(Xu Li Hua),김형택(Kim Hyung Taek) 한국에너지기후변화학회 2018 한국에너지기후변화학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.11

유입쓰레기 변동에 따른 매립가스 발생 및 CDM 사업 타당성에 관한연구

허려화(Li-Hua Xu),박준규(Jun-Gyu Park),신원철(Won-Cheol Shin),김형택(Hyung-Taek Kim) 한국가스학회 2005 한국가스학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.5

저유가 시기 중국의 석탄화학

허려화(Li Hua Xu),김형택(Hyung Tack Kim) 한국에너지기후변화학회 2015 한국에너지기후변화학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.11

중국 신재생 에너지 개발 및 정책 현황

허려화(Li-hua Xu),남궁훤(Hueon Namkung),김형택(Hyung-taek Kim) 한국에너지기후변화학회 2019 에너지기후변화학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Renewable energy development is crucial for Chinas future energy demand and safety. China is the worlds leading country in electricity production from renewable energy sources, with over double the generation of the second-ranking country, the United States. Facing increasingly serious environment pollution and resource depletion problems in the context of rapid economic development, particularly the unreasonable coal-dominant energy consumption structure which has caused a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions, the Chinese government is aiming to increase the proportion of renewable energy up to 15% in the overall primary energy mix. Chinas renewable power, mainly from hydroelectric, wind, solar and biomass power. In 2017, renewable energy comprised 36.6% of China’s total installed electric power capacity, and 26.4% of total power generation, the vast majority from hydroelectric sources. The share of renewable energy in Chinas energy mix will continue to rise.

중국 수소 생산 산업 및 정책 현황

허려화(Li-hua Xu),김형택(Hyung-taek Kim),유영돈(Young-don Yoo),강성균(Sung-kyun Kang) 한국에너지기후변화학회 2017 에너지기후변화학회지 Vol.12 No.1

With the rapid development of Chinas economy and the increasing dependence on oil and natural gas. Chinas energy security has encountered a great crisis. So China is trying to develop new renewable energy and reduce fossil energy and energy external dependence. China has developed many new renewable energy sources in order to improve air pollution and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Hydrogen as a clean energy in the Chinese governments strong support has been a great development. China is now the worlds largest hydrogen producer. In China, coal is the largest source of hydrogen production. Followed by natural gas and refinery by-products. Since 2000, the Chinese government has increased investment in hydrogen energy production projects, Developed a variety of hydrogen production technology. Fuel cell and hydrogen energy is one of the important strategic plans of the Chinese government. During the 13.5 period, the new energy vehicle demonstration project was designated as the most important project. In this paper, the status of a variety of commercial scale hydrogen production industry and the status of hydrogen energy policy were investigated and analyzed.

중국 대기 오염 배출 및 정책 현황

허려화(Li-hua Xu),김형택(Hyung-taek Kim),남궁훤(Hueon Namkung) 한국에너지기후변화학회 2018 에너지기후변화학회지 Vol.13 No.1

According to the fast industrial development and a lot of fossil fuel consumption, the emission of sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, ozone and particulate matters have continuously increased. In particular, urban air pollution problems have dominantly issued in China. In 2013, many provinces and cities in China were influenced by serious dust haze that extremely caused low visibility and air quality. To inhibit this environmental problem, China’s State Council issued a policy document, such as the Ten Measures of the State Council in June, 2013 and officially released the Action Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control (the Action Plan) in September at the same year, which was the forth road map for the nation’s air pollution prevention and control efforts for the period of 2013-2017. Subsequently, Chinese central and local governments promulgated a series of policies, laws, regulations, standards and technical guidelines to implement the Action Plan. And specific indicators are as follows. By 2017, the concentration of urban Particulate Matters (PM10) is going to be reduced by 10% compared to PM10 concentration of 2012. In addition, Chinese government will try to promote increase of annual number of days with fairly good air quality. Meanwhile, concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta region is going to be reduced by approximately 25%, 20% and 15%, respectively. Especially, annual PM2.5 concentration in Beijing is planned to be controlled below 60 mg/㎥.

중국 폐플라스틱 자원현황 및 정책현황

허려화(Li-Hua xu) 한국열환경공학회 2021 한국열환경공학회 학술대회지 Vol.2021 No.-

총설 : 중국 석탄화학산업 현황

허려화 ( Lih Ua Xu ),유영돈 ( Young Don Yoo ),윤용승 ( Yong Seung Yun ),김형택 ( Hyung Taek Kim ) 한국공업화학회 2014 공업화학전망 Vol.17 No.3

국제유가의 지속적인 상승과 에너지공급의 불안정으로 중국에서는 자국의 풍부한 석탄자원을 이용한 석탄 화학산업을 발전시켜 석유 자원의 고갈에 대비하고 있다. 특히, 석탄 가스화를 통해 얻어진 합성가스를 촉매하에서 합성하여 다양한 원료물질로 전환하는 석탄화학산업 중에서 신형 석탄화학산업이라고 분류된 SNG, Olefin, DME 및 CTL 관련 연구 개발 및 사업에 대해서는 프로젝트 심사기간을 단축하고, 연구개발을 통해 파일럿 단계에서 실증단계를 거쳐 상용화 단계까지의 일련의 과정을 중국 정부 주도하에 추진되고 있다. 중국 발전개혁위원회에서 추진한 “십이 오” 기간(2011년∼2015년) 동안 주요 석탄화학 실증 프로젝트의 총 투자비용은 약 6500억 위엔(약 1,067,300억 원)에 달할 것으로 예상된다. 이와 같은 중국 정부의 대대적인 실증 프로젝트 연구를 통해 CTL 1000만 톤, SNG 400억∼500억 Nm3, Olefin 400만 톤, Glycol 200만 톤 생산을 목표로, 석탄화학의 근간이 되는 핵심공정에 대한 설계 기술과 핵심설비 제작 및 운전 능력 확보에 주력하고 있다. 현재 중국은 석탄화학 제품 최대의 생산 공장일 뿐만 아니라 최대의 시장이다. 기존 석탄으로부터 얻어진 합성가스를 이용한 화학물질 합성 기술은 대부분 해외 상용 기술을 도입하여 운전하였지만, 중국정부의 지원과 주도하에 중국 자체 기술을 적용한 상업화 프로젝트의 성공을 통해 점차적으로 해외기술을 자국 기술로 대체하고 있는 추세이며, 자국 기술의 검증을 통해 해외 시장 진출을 활발하게 추진하고 있다.

중국 석탄이용 합성연료 생산 산업 현황

허려화(Li-Hua Xu),Shu-min Fan,김형택(Hyung-Taek Kim),유영돈(Young-Don Yoo) 한국에너지기후변화학회 2015 에너지기후변화학회지 Vol.10 No.1

중국에서는 중장기적으로 석탄을 주요 에너지원으로 사용하는 에너지소비 구조가 계속될 것으로 예상되어, 석탄의 청정 이용에 대한 실증화 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 석탄액화를 포함한 현대 석탄화학 전환 기술을 통한 생산물질들은 석유화학 제품들을 대체할 수 있어 석유의 의존도를 낮출 수 있어, 중국에서는 대규모의 석탄이용 합성연료생산 플랜트가 운전 중 혹은 건설 중에 있다. 또한 중국에서는 이미 자체 F-T(Fischer Tropsch) 합성 기술을 개발하여 상업화 운전 성공하였다. 현재 중국에는 세계 최초로 백만 톤 규모의 석탄직접 액화 플랜트가 건설되어 운전 중에 있고, 세계 최대 석탄 간접액화플랜트가 건설 중에 있다. Since China government anticipates that coal is a major resource in energy demand sector during long term, demonstration research using Clean Coal Technology(CCT) has been developed actively. Coal to chemicals technology such as coal to liquids (CTL) process, which may produce chemical product and substitute to petrochemical refined through conventional oil, reduces the dependence of petroleum usage. Thus, many coal gasification plants have been operated and constructed in China. In China, the commercial synthesis plants using F-T technology developed by domestic research have been successfully operated. Currently, worlds first one million tonnes of CTL plant using direct conversion process is operated and the world largest CTL plant using indirect conversion process is constructed.

중국 바이오매스 발전 산업 현황

허려화(Li-Hua Xu),김형택(Hyung-Taek Kim),유영돈(Young-Don Yoo) 한국열환경공학회 2019 열환경공학 Vol.14 No.1

China depends heavily on coal to meet its electricity and economic development needs for a long time and became the biggest greenhouse gases emission country in the world. The appearance of biomass energy power generation has been easing the tension of domestic energy and environmental issues, which is significant. Major biomass resources in China include waste from agriculture, forestry, industries, animal manure and sewage, and municipal solid waste. While the largest contributing sources are estimated to be residues from annual crop production like wheat straw, much of the straw and stalk are presently used for cooking and heating in rural households at low efficiencies. Therefore, agricultural residues, forestry residues, and garden waste were found to be the most cited resources with big potential for energy production in China. This paper discusses the size of the biomass resource base in China, the current biomass power generation indusrty and bioenergy policy in China.