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허려화(Li-hua Xu),김형택(Hyung-taek Kim),유영돈(Young-don Yoo),강성균(Sung-kyun Kang) 한국에너지기후변화학회 2017 에너지기후변화학회지 Vol.12 No.1
With the rapid development of Chinas economy and the increasing dependence on oil and natural gas. Chinas energy security has encountered a great crisis. So China is trying to develop new renewable energy and reduce fossil energy and energy external dependence. China has developed many new renewable energy sources in order to improve air pollution and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Hydrogen as a clean energy in the Chinese governments strong support has been a great development. China is now the worlds largest hydrogen producer. In China, coal is the largest source of hydrogen production. Followed by natural gas and refinery by-products. Since 2000, the Chinese government has increased investment in hydrogen energy production projects, Developed a variety of hydrogen production technology. Fuel cell and hydrogen energy is one of the important strategic plans of the Chinese government. During the 13.5 period, the new energy vehicle demonstration project was designated as the most important project. In this paper, the status of a variety of commercial scale hydrogen production industry and the status of hydrogen energy policy were investigated and analyzed.
허려화(Li-hua Xu),남궁훤(Hueon Namkung),김형택(Hyung-taek Kim) 한국에너지기후변화학회 2019 에너지기후변화학회지 Vol.14 No.1
Renewable energy development is crucial for Chinas future energy demand and safety. China is the worlds leading country in electricity production from renewable energy sources, with over double the generation of the second-ranking country, the United States. Facing increasingly serious environment pollution and resource depletion problems in the context of rapid economic development, particularly the unreasonable coal-dominant energy consumption structure which has caused a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions, the Chinese government is aiming to increase the proportion of renewable energy up to 15% in the overall primary energy mix. Chinas renewable power, mainly from hydroelectric, wind, solar and biomass power. In 2017, renewable energy comprised 36.6% of China’s total installed electric power capacity, and 26.4% of total power generation, the vast majority from hydroelectric sources. The share of renewable energy in Chinas energy mix will continue to rise.
허려화(Li-hua Xu),김형택(Hyung-taek Kim),남궁훤(Hueon Namkung) 한국에너지기후변화학회 2018 에너지기후변화학회지 Vol.13 No.1
According to the fast industrial development and a lot of fossil fuel consumption, the emission of sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, ozone and particulate matters have continuously increased. In particular, urban air pollution problems have dominantly issued in China. In 2013, many provinces and cities in China were influenced by serious dust haze that extremely caused low visibility and air quality. To inhibit this environmental problem, China’s State Council issued a policy document, such as the Ten Measures of the State Council in June, 2013 and officially released the Action Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control (the Action Plan) in September at the same year, which was the forth road map for the nation’s air pollution prevention and control efforts for the period of 2013-2017. Subsequently, Chinese central and local governments promulgated a series of policies, laws, regulations, standards and technical guidelines to implement the Action Plan. And specific indicators are as follows. By 2017, the concentration of urban Particulate Matters (PM10) is going to be reduced by 10% compared to PM10 concentration of 2012. In addition, Chinese government will try to promote increase of annual number of days with fairly good air quality. Meanwhile, concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta region is going to be reduced by approximately 25%, 20% and 15%, respectively. Especially, annual PM2.5 concentration in Beijing is planned to be controlled below 60 mg/㎥.
허려화(Li-Hua Xu),Shu-min Fan,김형택(Hyung-Taek Kim),유영돈(Young-Don Yoo) 한국에너지기후변화학회 2015 에너지기후변화학회지 Vol.10 No.1
중국에서는 중장기적으로 석탄을 주요 에너지원으로 사용하는 에너지소비 구조가 계속될 것으로 예상되어, 석탄의 청정 이용에 대한 실증화 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 석탄액화를 포함한 현대 석탄화학 전환 기술을 통한 생산물질들은 석유화학 제품들을 대체할 수 있어 석유의 의존도를 낮출 수 있어, 중국에서는 대규모의 석탄이용 합성연료생산 플랜트가 운전 중 혹은 건설 중에 있다. 또한 중국에서는 이미 자체 F-T(Fischer Tropsch) 합성 기술을 개발하여 상업화 운전 성공하였다. 현재 중국에는 세계 최초로 백만 톤 규모의 석탄직접 액화 플랜트가 건설되어 운전 중에 있고, 세계 최대 석탄 간접액화플랜트가 건설 중에 있다. Since China government anticipates that coal is a major resource in energy demand sector during long term, demonstration research using Clean Coal Technology(CCT) has been developed actively. Coal to chemicals technology such as coal to liquids (CTL) process, which may produce chemical product and substitute to petrochemical refined through conventional oil, reduces the dependence of petroleum usage. Thus, many coal gasification plants have been operated and constructed in China. In China, the commercial synthesis plants using F-T technology developed by domestic research have been successfully operated. Currently, worlds first one million tonnes of CTL plant using direct conversion process is operated and the world largest CTL plant using indirect conversion process is constructed.
허려화 ( Li Hua Xu ),유영돈 ( Young Don Yoo ),윤용승 ( Yong Seung Yun ),김형택 ( Hyung Taek Kim ) 한국공업화학회 2012 공업화학전망 Vol.15 No.1
중국 석탄 가스화 산업은 GE Energy, Shell 등과 같은 외국 기업들에 의해 최근까지 시장이 주도되었으나, 2000년대 후반부터는 중국 정부의 지원하에 대형 석탄 가스화 연구 개발 프로젝트가 진행되면서, 중국 석탄 가스화기술의 비약적인 발전과 더불어 점차 자국 기술의 시장 점유율을 높이고 있다. 특히, 자체 개발된 가스화기를 중국내에서 실증 과정을 통한 설계 및 운전 경험 확보를 통해 기존 선진국의 가스화 기술과 비교하여 경쟁력 있는 기술로의 발전을 꾀하고 있다. 2,000톤/일급 이상 처리가 가능한 대표적인 상업용 가스화기로는 습식가스화 기술인 OMB가스화기, 건식 가스화 기술인 TPRI 가스화기를 들 수 있다. OMB 가스화기의 경우, 25개 기업에서 72개의 가스화기가 운영 또는 건설되고 있고 메탄올과 같은 화학원료 제조 목적으로 사용되고 있다. 특히, 현재 건설 중인 미국 텍사스주 Valero에 2,500톤/일 규모의 5기의 가스화기로부터 수소를 생산하는 프로젝트에 OMB 가스화기를 적용하고 있으며, 2012년부터 건설 예정인 미국 펜실베니아주 Schuylkil County에 270 MW 규모의 IGCC 발전소에 TPRI 가스화기를 적용하는 것으로 발표되어, 중국 가스화 기술은 기존 미국이나 유럽의 가스화기 선진업체와 동등한 기술 수준에 도달된 것으로 판단된다.
허려화(Li-Hua Xu),김형택(Hyung-Taek Kim),유영돈(Young-Don Yoo) 한국열환경공학회 2019 열환경공학 Vol.14 No.1
China depends heavily on coal to meet its electricity and economic development needs for a long time and became the biggest greenhouse gases emission country in the world. The appearance of biomass energy power generation has been easing the tension of domestic energy and environmental issues, which is significant. Major biomass resources in China include waste from agriculture, forestry, industries, animal manure and sewage, and municipal solid waste. While the largest contributing sources are estimated to be residues from annual crop production like wheat straw, much of the straw and stalk are presently used for cooking and heating in rural households at low efficiencies. Therefore, agricultural residues, forestry residues, and garden waste were found to be the most cited resources with big potential for energy production in China. This paper discusses the size of the biomass resource base in China, the current biomass power generation indusrty and bioenergy policy in China.