이유자돈 및 육성비육돈사료에 있어서 L - lysine 의 첨가에 의한 단백질 절약효과

한인규,권관,나기현,유문일 ( In K . Han,K . Kwon,Ki H . Ra,Moon I . Yoo ) 한국축산학회 1978 한국축산학회지 Vol.20 No.6

In order to study the protein sparing effect of l-lysine from weanling pig to market weight, a series of feeding and metabolism trials was conducted. In experiment 1, a total of 192 three way crossbred pigs (Landrace x Large White x Duroc) weighing app. 10 ㎏ initially were used for four weeks to determine the effect of supplemental lysine when added to a low protein diets. In experiment 2, a total of 120 three way crossbred pigs were used for 11 weeks from 28 ㎏ to 90 ㎏. The results obtained are as follows: (1) It was found that the dietary protein level of 18% fed during period of 10 to 23㎏ was adequate for the daily gain and feed efficiency. Pigs fed the dietary protein level of 20% were not different in rate of gain and teed efficiency with pigs fed the dietary protein level of 18%. When pig were fed the dietary protein level of 16% + 0.2% l-lysine, rate of gain was similar to pigs fed the dietary protein level of 18%, but feed efficiency was slightly improved, In economic analysis, feed cost required per ㎏. of body weight gain was less for pigs fed the dietary protein level of 16% + 0.2% l-lysine than other levels. Therefore, it was apparent that weanling pig diets supplemented with 0.2% l-lysine was able to spare 2% of dietary protein. (2) The dietary protein level of 16% was adequate for growing pigs from 28 to 53 ㎏. Rate of gain and feed efficiency of pigs fed the dietary protein level of 14% + 0.2% l-lysine was similar to pigs fed dietary protein level of 16%.There were no difference in digestibility and nitrogen retention of diets supplemented with 0.2% l-lysine with other dietary protein level. Therefore, diets supplemented with 0.2% l-lysine could spare 2% of dietary protein for the growers. (3) The dietary protein level of 14% was adequate for finishing pigs from 53 to 90 ㎏. In the rate of gain, pig fed the dietary protein level of 12% supplemented with 0.2% l-lysine was slightly higher, but improved effect in rate of gain during finishing period was somewhat lower than growing period. However, improvement in feed efficiency during finishing period for l-lysine fed group was more remarkable than in rate of gain. Digestibility and nitrogen retention of diets by adding 0.2% l-lysine were not affected. (4) Although there was no significant difference, dressing percentage and back fat thickness was slightly increased, and loin aye area was slightly decreased when pigs were fed dietary protein level of 14% supplemented with 0.2% l-lysine from 28 to 53 ㎏ and 12% supplemented with 0.2% l-lysine from 53 to 90 ㎏. (5) In economic analysis feed cost required per ㎏ of body weight gain for pig fed the dietary protein level of 14-12% supplemented with 0.2% l-lysine was less than that for those fed the other dietary proten levels. Based on the above mentioned results, it may be concluded that adequate level of dietary protein for weanling-growing-finishing pig would be 18-16-14%. It would also be clear that supplementation of l-lysine at 0.2% level in the pig rations from weanling to market weight might be able to spare 2% of dietary protein.

피혁분의 사료화에 관한 연구 4 . 육성한우에 대한 피혁분의 적정급여수준 결정을 위한 연구

한인규,최윤재,박홍석 ( In K . Han,Yun J . Choi,Hong S . Park ) 한국축산학회 1980 한국축산학회지 Vol.22 No.4

This experiment was carried out to determine the optimum using level and the nutritive values of hydrolyzed leather meal (HLM) for growing korean, cattle. The HLM was added at the level of 0, 1, 5, 3.0% of the rations, replacing an isonitrogenous amount of protein supplement. These rations were fed to 12 korean cattle fir a period of 21 weeks from December 18, 1978 to May 15, 1979. The chromium retention in the tissues or organs of cattle was also investigated. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The nutrients content and pepsin digestibility were varied by the HLM produced at different plant. Crude protein content was more than 70% in general, and pepsin digestibility was 36.8% for the lowest and 84.5% for the highest. Analytical data revealed that the content of glycine, praline, glutamic acid, alanine, arginine was higher than other amino acid. and the content of chromium was found to be 2-3%. Such non-essential minerals as Pb, Ti, Sr were found considerably in HLM, and Pb, Ti, 5r content was varied by the kind of HLM tested. The HLM used in feeding experiment contained 72.30% crude protein, 43.4% pepsin digestibility and 2.72% chromium. 2. Cattle fed diet containing 1.5% HLM gained more body weight than cattle fed either 3.0% or 0% HLM, however, statistical difference was not found among treatments. 3. The feed intake, and feed efficiencies were not affected by the level of HLM used. 4. Chromium retentions in kidney and small intestine were increased as the level of HLM in cattle rations increased, but there were no differences in other tissues or organs examined. It was found that chromium content of rumen was the highest among the tissues and organs examined. From the results of this experiment, it may be concluded that HLM can be used as an alternative source of protein in the growing korean cattle ration at the level of 3%, but the optimum using level might be 1.5%, and nutritive values of HLM was similar to or better than those of protein supplements.

반추가축사료에 있어서 buffer 제의 종류별 첨가효과

한인규,육종융,최윤재,류연선 ( In K . Han,C . Y . Yuk,Y . J . Choi,Y . S . Ryu ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.2

This experiment was conducted for a period of 30 days to investigate the supplement effect of buffering material for ruminant animal through feed intake examination, digestibility experiments and the examination of ruminal pH and volatile fatty acid pattern for lambs. Nine male lambs weighing 45㎏ in initial weight were divided into 3 treatments i.e. control (without buffering material), buffer-M and buffer-MIX group. Three lambs, which were fistulated, were used in the examination of ruminal pH and volatile fatty acid pattern and the others, which were unfistulated, were used in digestibility experiments. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Feed intake: Feed intake of lambs fed buffering group feed was lower than that of control group feed for the first 10 days. But thereafter, there were not large difference among treatments. Feed intake of buffer-MIX group was higher slightly than that of buffer-M group. 2. Digestibility: Nutrient digestibilities except crude fiber of concentrate addition with buffering material were higher by 2 to 4 percent than those of the concentrate without buffering material. And buffer-MIX was more efficient than buffer-M. The supplement effect of buffering material was showed an increase of 0.5 to 2.0 percent in total digestible nutrients (TDN) but was not showed in digestible crude protein (DCP). 3. Ruminal volatile fatty acid pattern and pH: Control group was lower than buffering groups in acetate molar percent but was higher in propionate and butyrate molar percent. Especially the supplement of buffering material was showed increase of total VFA production quantity and prevention of ruminal pH decline. According to the results obtained it could be suggested to the supplement of buffering material may be essential for ruminant animal. And buffer-MIX may be more effective than buffer-M.

육성돈에 대한 Mecadox 의 단백질절약 및 성장촉진효과

한인규,유문일,권관 ( In K . Han,Moon I . Yoo,K . Kwon ) 한국축산학회 1979 한국축산학회지 Vol.21 No.6

In order to study the protein sparing and growth promoting effect of mecadox for growing pigs, a total of 160 three way crossbred pigs (Landrace x Duroc x Large White) weighing approximately 11 ㎏ initially were used for a period of 12 weeks of feeding trial and metabolism trial. Experimental diets of two different level of dietary protein (high-19% or low-17% for weaned pig and high -17% or low-15% for growers) were fed with (50 ppm) or without (0 ppm) mecadox (carbodox : methyl- 3 - (2 -quinoxalinylmethylene carbazate-N¹, N⁴-dioxide)). (1) Although there was no statistically difference, pigs fed diets with 50 ppm of mecadox gained faster and more efficient than pigs fed unsupplemented diets regardless of protein level in the diet. Pigs fed the high protein level supplemented with mecadox resulted in best effects of gain and feed efficiency. (2) Rate of gain and feed efficiency of pigs fed the high dietary protein level of 19 % in weaning diet. and 17% in grower ration unsupplemented with mecadox were similar to pigs fed the low dietary protein level of 17% in weaning ration and 15% in grower ration supplemented with mecadox. The growth promoting effect of mecadox was remarkable for younger pigs than growers. (3) Digestibility of crude protein and crude fat was slightly improved and that of crude fiber was decreased when mecadox was added to growing diets. It was apparent that nitrogen retention rate of pigs receiving mecadox was slightly higher than unsupplemenred pigs. Based on the above results, it may be concluded that the addition of mecadox at 50 ppm level could improve the growth rate and feed efficiency from weanling pig to growing pig and that mecadox might have protein sparing effect up to 2% of total dietary protein for growing pigs.

국산 인산 칼슘제의 사료적 가치에 관한 연구 3 . 어분 급여시 인산칼슘제가 산란율 및 난각질에 미치는 영향

한인규,오상집,김춘수 ( In K . Han,Sang J . Ohh,Chun S . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1979 한국축산학회지 Vol.21 No.2

This experiment was conducted to compare the utilizability of locally produced tricalcium phosphate (TCP) with that of imported dicalcium phosphate (DCP), tricalcium phosphate, bone meal with a total of 350 White Leghorn laying hens of 48 weeks old. The results obtained during 16 weeks of experimental period are summarized as follows. 1. Different sources of calcium and phosphorus had no apparent effects on the egg production rate, egg mass and feed efficiency when a large amount of fish meal at the level of 8 % was used in the laying rations. 2. It was found that there was no difference in the egg shell thickness, the contents of crude ash, calcium and phosphorous of egg shell when various sources of phosphate supplements were used. 3. No difference was also found in the nutrient utilizability among experimental diet groups. 4. There were little differences in body weight gain of hens in all the treatments, however, the mortality was slightly higher for the control group than the groups received inorganic phosphorus through various phosphate supplements. The results obtained from present experiments showed that there were no differences in the egg production rate, egg mass, egg shell quality, feed efficiency and mortality by the various phosphate supplements when fed with a large a mount of fish meal (8%). Present evidence indicated that the quality of locally produced TCP in comparable to that of imported TCP or DCP.

가축분의 사료화를 위한 연구 3 . 부로일러에 대한 건조계분 , 돈분 , 우분의 사료가치 비교시험

한인규,유문일 ( In K . Han,Moon Il Yoo ) 한국축산학회 1976 한국축산학회지 Vol.18 No.1

This experiment was conducted to study the nutritive values of dried poultry(heu) waste, pig manure and cattle manure in the broiler rations. Wheat bran(10%), rapeseed meal(5%) or corn(5%) were partially replaced. by the dried animal wastes mentioned above in the rations of broile chicks of Shaver strain and 288 chicks were received the experimental diets for 8 weeks. The results obtained are summarized as follows 1. Analytical data revealed that the content of nutrients including minerals and vitamins in dried poultry waste was higher than that in either dried pig manure or cattle manure. Amino acid composition of dried poultry waste and pig manure was supperior to that of dried cattle manure. 2. Although there was no statistical difference in the weight gain among treatments, weight gain achieved by the group fed diets of 5% substitution of animal wastes for corn was slightly better than others. 3. The amount of feed consumed by the group of 5% replacement of dried poulry waste for rapeseed meal was significantly lesser than the other treatments. Feed conversion rate was not affected by replacing dried animal wastes for limited amount(5∼10%) of wheat bran, rapeseed meal or turn. 4. When the price of dried animal waste was estimated to be the same as wheat bran, feed cost required per kilogram of liveweight gain was slightly higher for animal waste fed group than control group. However, that was slightly lower for 5% rapeseed meal substitution group or corn than control. 5. Utilizability of dry matter and crude protein of control diet and 10% wheat bran replaced by poultry waste diet was slightly lower than other diet. In general, feeding dried animal waste had little effect on nutrient utilizability. Based on the above results it would be concluded that 10% wheat bran and/or 5% corn in the broiler rations could be replaced by dried animal waste with no adverse effect on the growth rate and nutrient utilizability.

가금에 대한 인의 적정공급수준 결정을 위한 연구 3 . 인의 공급수준이 산란계의 능력에 미치는 영향

한인규,손광수,김중인,김춘수 ( In K . Han,Kwang S . Sohn,Jung I . Kim,Chun S . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1980 한국축산학회지 Vol.22 No.2

This 24-week experiment with a total of 200 White Leghorn laying hens of 21-week old which were fed diets containing 0.43, 0.53, 0.62, 0.72 and 0.81% total phosphorus respectively was conducted to determine the optimum dietary level of phosphorus. The results obtained are summarized as follows 1. No difference was found in the egg production rate, average egg weight, feed consumption, Feed efficiency and rate of shelless egg laid among 5 treatments. 2. The egg shell thickness, and the contents of crude ash and calcium of egg shell were not significantly affected by the levels of phosphorus supplied. 3. The utilizability of crude protein (P $lt;0.05) and crude fat (P$lt;0.01) was significantly lower for hens fed 0.43% phosphorus and higher for hens fed 0.62% phosphorus. However, in the utilizability of dry matter and carbohydrate, the dietary levels of phosphorus had no apparent effects. 4. It was found that there were no differences in crude ash, calcium and phosphorus contents of tibia. among 5 experimental groups. 5. Hens in all the treatments gained body weight during the experimental period, although the gain in body weight was not significantly different. Mortality was not affected by any of the diets fed. Results obtained in this study indicate that supplement of 0.62% total phosphorus in laying diets was adequate for the performance of laying hens, although 0.43% level of total phosphorus did not exert any adverse effects.

산란계에 대한 칼슘 공급제의 사료가치 비교시험 1 . 패분 ( 貝粉 ) , 석회석 , 방해석 ( 方解石 )의 사료가치 비교시험

한인규,이규호,이상진,강태홍,권관 ( In K . Han,Kyu H . Lee,Sang J . Lee,Tae H . Kang,K . Kwon ) 한국축산학회 1981 한국축산학회지 Vol.23 No.3

This experiment was conducted to compare the nutritive values of limestone, calcitic limestone, and oystershell with a total of 1200 White Leghorn layers. The results obtained during 22 weeks of experimental period are summarized as follows. 1. The calcium contents of oystershell, limestone and calcitic limistone used in this experiment were analyzed to be 29.46%, 34.87% and 38.46%, respectively. 2. Different source of calcium in laying hen diets had no apparent effects on the egg production rate, average egg weight and feed efficiency. 3. The eggshell thickness w-as significantly (p$lt;0.05) different among groups fed different calcium supplements. The eggshell thickness of oystershell, limestone and calcitic limestone fed group was 0.359㎜, 0.346㎜ and 0.339㎜, respectively. The ratios of eggshell weight to egg weight were also significantly (p$lt;0.05) different among treatments in the same trend as the eggshell thickness. 4. There were no significant differences among treatments in contents of calcium and phosphorus of tibia and in the nutrient utilizability of experimental diets. The results obtained from the present experiment showed that the nutritive values of limestone and calcitic limestone were not much different from that of oystershell except in egg shell qualities. It is suggested that all three calcium supplements could he used as good calcium sources in laying hen diet.

산란계에 대한 칼슘 공급제의 사료가치 비교시험 2 . 칼슘 공급수준이 산란율 , 난각질 및 사료효율에 미치는 영향

한인규,이규호,이상진,강태홍,권관 ( In K . Han,Kyu H . Lee,Sang J . Lee,Tae H . Kang,K . Kwon ) 한국축산학회 1981 한국축산학회지 Vol.23 No.3

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of various levels of dietary calcium (1.75%, 2.25%, 2.75%, 3.25% and 3.75%) on laying performances. Experiment was carried out with 1500 White Leghorn layers for a period of 22 weeks. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1 . Egg production rate and feed. efficiency were significantly (p$lt;0.05) improved as the calcium level of diet increased, however, there were no significant differences between 3.25% and 3.75% of calcium level in egg production rate and feed efficiency. 2. Average egg weight was not influenced by the levels of calcium in the diets. 3. Ratios of egg shell thickness and shell weight to egg weight were significantly (p$lt;0.05) increased as the calcium level of diet increased, however, there were no significant differences in egg shell qualities between 3.25% and 3.75% of calcium level. 4. No difference was found either in calcium and phosphorus contents of tibia or in nutrient utilizability of experimental diets. However, calcium utilizability was highest at 2.75% of dietary calcium level. Based on the above results it may be concluded that the laying performance and feed efficiency could be improved by increasing the calcium level in diet up to 3.25%.

향미소의 첨가효과에 관한 연구 1 . Feednectar 의 자돈 및 브로일러 사료에의 첨가효과

한인규,오상집,하종규,김춘수 ( In K . Han,Sang J . Ohh,Jong K . Ha,Chun S . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1978 한국축산학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of use of Feedrectar on the growing performances of young pigs (Expt. I) and broiler chicks (Expt. II). In the Experiment I, 200 crossbred baby pigs weighing approximately 11㎏ of body weight mere used in five treatments of Feednectar 0%, Feednectar 0.05%, Feednectar 0.1%, sucrose 2% and a palatability-testing groups during 4 weeks of experimental period. In the Experiment II, a total of 270 broiler chicks of Shaver strain were employed in three treatments consisted of 0%, 0.05%, 0.1% of Feednectar for a period of 8 weeks. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. It was found that the body weight gain of young pigs (9.4%) and broiler chicks (5.6%) was significantly (P$lt;0.05) improved when the Feednectar was added is the rations of these experimental animals at the level of 0.1%. 2. The amount of feed consumed by the experimental pigs and chicks was also consider ably (P$lt;0.05) increased as the level of Feednectar in the diets increased. 3. Present data indicated that the feed efficiency of animals fed Feednectar was also improved, although no statistical significance was found between treatments except 0.1%, Feedneetar fed broilers that showed significant difference at the level of 5%. 4. It was apparent that the addition of Feednectar at the level of 0.1% would be recommendable for better growing performances of early weaned pigs and broiler chicks. 5. Palatability test conducted by young pigs revealed that the addition of either Feednectar or sugar could improve the palatability of experimental diets. 6. Shark color of broiler chicks was slightly improved by the use of Feednectar, although the significant difference was not found. 7. It was found that the experimental chicks fed Feednectar utilized the dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrate in the diet more efficiently than control group. 8. Protein loss in the rations of pigs and broilers was alway less for Feednectar added diet than control diet during the storage period.