폐석적치장의 산성배수발생 및 수리특성 분석

정영욱,임길재,지상우 한국지반환경공학회 2004 한국지반환경공학회논문집 Vol.5 No.4

This study was carried out to plan the prevention of the generation and discharge of Acid Rock Drainage (ARD). The Acid Base Accounting(ABA) test was performed for geological materials such as pit wall, waste rock and stream sediments near the Imgi abandoned pyrophyllite mine in Busan, Korea. In addition, hydraulic characteristics were tested with the disk tension infiltrometer around the waste rock dump. Maximum Potential Acidity(MPA) of geological materials near the Imgi mine was 246.942kg H2SO4/t, and maximum Acid Neutralising Capacity(ANC) was 8.7kg H2SO4/t. These results indicate the pit wall and waste rock, except most of stream sediments are acid generating geological materials. These have salt and free hydrogen ion which resulted from oxidation of sulfides. Hence they could be convert rain water to acid rock drainage. Although the waste rock dump of the Imgi mine have very low infiltration rate, slopes of the waste rock dump have many "V" type erosion gullies and multi-layers. These gullies and multi-layers have coarse clastic particle layers which have very large hydraulic conductivity. Through this coarse clastic particle layer a large part of rain flow into ground. And also this layer could function as aeration path which induced oxidation of sulfide minerals and generation of ARD continuously. 부산광역시 소재 폐납석광산인 임기광산 채굴적 및 폐석적치장 및 하상퇴적물에 대해 산-염기 평가(ABA test)와 폐석적치장 상부에 대해 디스크-장력침투계를 이용하여 수리특성을 분석하였다. 임기광산 폐석적치장 주변에서 최대 산 발생력(MPA)은 246.942kg H2SO4/t였고, 산 중화능력(ANC)은 최대 8.7kg H2SO4/t로 나타나 노출된 채굴적 암반 및 폐석은 ARD를 발생하는 지질물질로 나타났다. 또한 이들에는 이미 황화광물이 산화되어 암석 표면에 염 및 자유수소 이온을 보유하여 강우와 접촉시 표층수 및 침투수 등을 ARD로 변화시키는 지구화학적 특성을 지닌 상태로 판단된다. 임기광산의 폐석적치장은 비록 매우 낮은 침투율을 갖고 있으나 폐석적치장 법면부에 심한 침식작용으로 V자형 침식골이 노출되어 있고 노출부위에 수리전도도가 큰 쇄설층들이 노출되어 강우의 침투경로 역할을 할 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 굵은 쇄설성 입자층의 노출은 지표에서 생성된 ARD 통로 기능뿐만 아니라 공기의 이동 경로가 되어 폐석내 포함된 황화광물의 지속적인 산화작용을 유발시키는 수리적 특성을 보유한다고 할 수 있다.

광산배수 자연정화시설내 슬러지를 이용한 미세 자철석 합성 예비 연구

정영욱,서의영,허원,임길재,안주성 한국자원공학회 2016 한국자원공학회지 Vol.53 No.3

This study was carried out for sludge recycling in passive mine drainage treatment systems to be utilized for magnetite synthesis. Ferric iron recovered from the sludge via dissolution was used as feed stock to synthesize magnetite particles by coprecipitation of ferric and ferrous iron at the pH 9.5. Magnetic momentum of magnetite produced was 33.0 emu/g corresponding to 54% of reagent magnetite. It may be attributable to partial incorporation of byproduct like goethite. Although the size of magnetite was about several μm due to the aggregation of magnetite particles, the individual size of magnetite particle could be much smaller like nanoparticles. The result of this study shows promise of simultaneous reduction of sludge waste and production of valuable resources. 본 연구는 광산배수 자연정화시설 슬러지가 자철석 합성 재료에 활용 될 수 있음을 밝혔다. 슬러지를용해하여 3가철 용액을 제조하고 2가철 원을 공급하여 pH 9.5로 조정한 결과 미세한 자철석이 합성되었다. 자철석의 자력 모멘텀은 33.0 emu/g 로 시약 자철석의 54% 였다. 이는 합성시 공침된 침철석(goethite) 등의 수반으로자화 모멘텀이 낮아진 것으로 판단된다. 자철석은 개별 입자들의 뭉침으로 수μm 크기로 측정된다. 본 연구는광산배수 슬러지 처분문제와 소재로의 활용처를 제시했다는 점이 의미가 있다고 판단한다.

SAPS조의 버섯퇴비에서 석회석 첨가가 수처리에 미치는 효과

정영욱,임길재,지상우,오참뜻,서의영,홍지혜 한국자원공학회 2020 한국자원공학회지 Vol.57 No.3

In this study, mushroom compost (MC) and mushroom compost mixed with sand-sized limestone (MCL), commonly used in successive alkalinity producing systems (SAPS), were loaded into two columns and introduced into acid mine drainage (AMD) for nine weeks to compare water quality. The mushroom compost had no neutralizing ability and, therefore, did not remove the components of Al, Fe2+, and Mn. Aluminum was continuously removed in the gravel-sized limestone layer, thereby reducing the neutralization function of limestone. The mushroom compost with sand limestone increased the pH 3.52 to 5.90 and had Al deposited in the compost layer. For nine weeks, the space of the limestone layer was maintained, pH was measured as 6.58, and alkalinity was measured as 131.09 mg/L CaCO3. Sand limestone in the mushroom compost layer thus increased pH and served as a filter for Al, thus maintaining the neutralization function of the gravel-sized limestone layer for a long time. 본 연구에서는 SAPS조에 흔히 사용하는 버섯퇴비(MC)와 모래 크기 석회석을 혼합한버섯퇴비(MCL)를 두 개의 컬럼에투입하고 9주간 광산배수를 유입시켜 수질을 비교했다. 버섯퇴비층은 중화능력이 없어서 Al, Fe2+ 및 Mn 성분을 통과시켰다. Al은자갈 석회석층에서 침전하여 석회석의 용해를 억제했다. 모래 석회석 혼합 버섯퇴비층은 pH를 5.90으로 증가시켜 Al을 버섯퇴비층에 침전시켰다. 9주 동안 자갈 석회석 층의 빈공간이 유지되었고 pH는 6.58 그리고 알칼리도는 131.09 mg/L CaCO3으로 측정되었다. 버섯퇴비층내 모래 석회석은 pH를 증가시켜서 Al을 제거해서 자갈 크기 석회석 층의 중화기능을 길게 유지하였다.

광산배수 중화과정에서 슬러지 부피에 영향을 주는 인자 평가

정영욱,이춘오,이준학,조상현 한국자원공학회 2019 한국자원공학회지 Vol.56 No.6

일광광산 광산배수를 대상으로 중화제의 종류 및 농도, 목표 pH, 경과 시간이 슬러지 부피에 미치는 영향을평가하였다. 5, 10, 20% 액상 소석회로 pH 7까지 중화시킨 결과 고 농도 중화제 사용시 슬러지가 많이 발생했다. 20% 액상 소석회 및 NaOH로 동일 pH로 중화한 결과 소석회 사용시 슬러지 부피가 적게 발생해 중화제 종류가 슬러지 발생량에 영향을 주었다. 그러나 중화제 종류에 무관하게 슬러지 부피는 1시간 이내에 급격히 작아졌고 그 이후 서서히 감소했다. 20% 소석회로 pH 7 및 10으로 조절한 결과 높은 pH에서 슬러지 발생량이 많았다. 광산배수를 1 L 및 1 m 3 중화했을때 슬러지 부피를 비교한 결과 원수 대비 9% 및 10% 나타났다. 비이커 규모의 중화실험으로도 신뢰할 만한 슬러지 발생량을 추정할 수 있었다. In this study, the effect of neutralizer type and concentration, target pH, and elapsed time on sludge volume were evaluated using Ilkwang mine drainage. A higher neutralizer concentration produced more sludge when the pH 7 was neutralized with 5%, 10%, and 20% lime slurry. Neutralization with the same pH with 20% lime and NaOH resulted in less sludge when using lime. The type of neutralizer affected the amount of sludge produced. However, regardless of the type of neutralizer, the volume of the sludge rapidly shrank within one hour and slowly declined thereafter. The control of pH 7 and 10 with 20% lime resulted in considerable sludge at a high pH. A comparison of sludge with 1 L and 1 m 3 neutralized mine drainage showed 9% and 10% sludge volume, respectively, as compared to raw mine water. A beaker neutralization experiment was also able to estimate reliable sludge generation.

공정 시뮬레이터를 이용한 광산배수 중화침전 공정 평가

정영욱,허원,임길재,지상우,서의영 한국자원공학회 2016 한국자원공학회지 Vol.53 No.1

An neutralization-precipitation process for treating an acid mine drainage (AMD) was set up with a process simulator. Flow rate of AMD was 100 m3/d. 150 kg/d of lime was used for neutralizing the AMD. 1 kg/d of polymer was used for coagulating the suspended solids. Solid removal rates of 90% and 95% were assumed for a clarifier and a thicker, respectively. The AMD with a pH of 2.69 contained Fe, Al, Cu and Zn. It was simulated that iron hydroxide could be produced at 32.2 t/yr, aluminum hydroxide at 6.4 t/yr and copper hydroxide at 3.3 t/yr. Simulation result showed that aeration process consumed the largest electricity than other process. It was evaluated that process simulation could play roles in making a better decision for AMD treatment options. 공정분석 시뮬레이터(simulator)를 이용하여 산성광산배수 중화침전공정을 구축하고 시뮬레이션 하였다. 운전 조건으로 광산배수 처리 유량은 100 m3/d 이었고 소석회 및 폴리머 응집제 사용량은 각각 150 kg/d 및 1 kg/d 였다. 침전조 및 농축조에서 고형분 제거율을 각각 90%와 95%로 가정하였다. 수질은 pH가 2.69인산성수로서 Fe, Al, Cu, Zn 으로 오염된 광산배수였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 철 수산화물은 30.2 t/yr, 알루미늄 수산화물은 6.4 t/yr 그리고 구리 수산화물은 3.3 t/yr 발생하는 것으로 예상되었다. 폭기 공정에 가장 많은 전력이소요되었다. 시뮬레이션 기법은 산성광산배수 처리 계획 수립시 의사결정에 유용한 도구로 생각되었다.

산성광산배수 처리에서 CO2 탈기와 pH 제어가 슬러지 발생에 미치는 영향

정영욱,이준학,임길재,조동완,허원 한국자원공학회 2025 한국자원공학회지 Vol.62 No.6

Acid mine drainage from the (Samma)taejung coal mine was examined using water-quality analysis, degassing and neutralization trials, and geochemical modeling. The mine water was highly acidic (pH 3.34) and contained elevated levels of dissolved Fe, Al, Mn, Mg, SiO2, CO2, and SO4 2–. Stoichiometric calculations estimated approximately 393 kg/day of precipitation, with secondary minerals derived from CO2, SO4 2–, Ca, and Mg exceeding contaminant mass. Neutralization modeling showed that calcite precipitates around pH 6.5, while Mn(OH)2, brucite, and gypsum form sequentially above pH 9. Dissolved CO2 was removed within 20 min of degassing, which controlled calcite precipitation. At pH > 9, gypsum and brucite formation were identified as the main cause of sludge generation. These findings suggest that combining CO2 degassing with maintaining the neutralization reactor below pH 9 can reduce lime consumption and minimize sludge production.

석탄광의 광산배수처리기술 현황 및 전망

정영욱 대한자원환경지질학회 2004 자원환경지질 Vol.37 No.1

This study was undertaken to summarize of the efficiencies of the passive treatment system and suggest future studies for the solution of mine drainage problem. Flow rates of mine drainage from the abandoned coal mines are about 80,000 ton/day. Contaminated mine drainages over about 50 ton/day of flow rate were treated by passive treatment facilities such as Successive Alkalinity Producing Systems(SAPS), oxidation pond and oxic wetland. Chemical analysis for 13 passive coal mine treatment facilities showed that SAPS was the core of treatment facilities because the variation of Fe removal rates was relatively smaller than any other processes and re-leaching of Fe was not measured. The performance and life of SAPS depended on decrease in permeability and retention time due to accumulation of sludge. It is inferred that upgrade of design of the passive treatment system and in-situ treatment using underground void will be necessary for the amelioration of the mine drainage with high metal loading rates.

산성광산배수 처리를 위한 반응벽체 매질로서 버섯퇴비의 특성평가

정영욱,임길재,지상우,허원 한국자원공학회 2004 한국자원공학회지 Vol.41 No.6

버섯퇴비는 인공소택지에서 황환원 미생물이 활동할 수 있도록 하는 유기물로 사용되어져 왔고 지하수오염 정화를 위한 반응벽체의 기질물질로 가능성이 있다. 이 버섯퇴비의 특성 조사를 통하여 황환원 과정에서 pH의 상승으로 침전한 침전물이 수산화칼슘일 가능성을 분석하였고 황환원 과정에서 발생한 슬러지의 투수율이 광산배수에 포함된 금속이온에 의하여 영향을 받는다는 것을 확인하였다. 버섯퇴비 10%(w/v)의 반응기에서의 황환원 속도는 0.28mmol(equivalent sulfide)/day로 추정하였다. 슬러지에서 SDS-Polyacrylamide 전기영동을 통하여 호남광업의 인공소택지의 슬러지와 비교하여 약 70 kDalton의 분자량 크기의 단백질 패턴이 공통적으로 발견되었다. Spent mushroom compost has been used for the construction of artificial wetland and permeable reactive barriers as an organic substrate to support sulfate reduction by microbial activity. Investigation of the mushroom compost suggests that the precipitates from pH enhancement may be calcium hydroxide and the sludges developed during sulfate reduction in laboratory reactors shows various filtration rates depending on metal ions in AMD. Sulfate reduction rate was estimated to be 0.28mmol (equivalent sulfide)/day by 10% (w/v) of mushroom compost. Conserved protein pattern of molecular weights of around 70 kDalton was found from the sludge when compared with those of the artificial wetland of Honam Coal Mine using SDS-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

거풍광산 광산폐기물의 지구화학적 및 수리적 특성에 미친 강우 효과

정영욱,임길재,지상우,박학윤,민대식,박인화 한국자원공학회 2008 한국자원공학회지 Vol.45 No.5

This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of the rain infiltration on the changes in the volumetric water contents (VWC), the electric conductivities (EC) by burying sensors underneath waste rocks to measure the water quality of the groundwater in the wells at waste rock and tailings impoundments at the Geopung mine. Monitoring results revealed that both the VWC and EC increased at the same time depending on the rainfall. These mean that the soluble salts were already developed on the surface and in pores of mine wastes due to the past oxidation of sulfide minerals. According to measurements of VWC, the direction of the infiltration in flat surface was near vertical and the one on the slope surface parallel to the slope. These imply that the movement of infiltration was controlled by the geometrical characteristics such as slope or flat surface of the impoundment. In the rainy season, the groundwater level in the well at waste rocks was raised and then dropped rapidly while the readings in the tailings slowly responded to the rain due to the its low permeability. Chemical analyses of groundwater in wells showed that the water was very acidic with the high level of EC and some metals. It may be concluded that the soluble salts including the hydrogen ion and some ions had been flushed into the groundwater by the rain infiltration and thereby waste rocks and tailings had acted as sources of the acid rock drainage. It might be suggested that some countermeasures such as putting a covering on the mine wastes could be used to prevent the occurrence and spreading of acid rock drainage around the mine area.

Generation of High-energy Particles and Radiation from a Relativistic Plasma for Nuclear Research

정영욱,이기태,Y.-H. Cha,S. H. Park,B. C. Lee,S. Lee,S. Kwon,D.-H. Kwon,S. Nam,Y. J. Rhee,H. Cha,Y.-W. Lee,K.-H. Yea,J. Mun,J. Y. Lee 한국물리학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.56 No.1

At the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), a 30-TW Ti:Sapphire laser system with an energy of 1 J and a pulse width of 30 fs has been developed. Currently, we are conducting various research projects, such as Compton back-scattering X-rays, relativistic nonlinear Thomson scattering, and the generation of high-energy ions, terahertz (THz) pulses, and fusion neutrons,for medical and nuclear research with a laboratory-scale system. This paper will briefly review the status of the KAERI activity on the generation of ultra-fast, high-energy particles and the prospects for nuclear applications.