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톱밥 배지를 이용한 버섯 병재배 시 발생하는 Trichoderma spp.의 특성
최장남 ( Choi Jang Nam ),서태진 ( Seungnoh Kim ),김승노 ( Taejin Suh ) 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2020 농업생명과학연구 Vol.51 No.1
In order to analyze the mycological and molecular biological characteristics of Trichoderma spp. during mushroom bottle cultivation using sawdust, 48 isolates were collected from bottle cultivated mushroom farms in Gimje, Gunsan and Jinan, Jeollabuk-do. In this study, through the morphological characteristics and the results of sequencing of the rDNA ITS region of isolates. Trichoderma spp. occured in sawdust during mushroom bottle cultivation were mainly distributed with all 4 species (T. longibrachiatum, T. harzianum, T. pleuroticola, T. atroviride). The incidence of Trichoderma spp. was highest at the beginning of mushroom growth (average 21.%). All of the representative isolates formed green conidia spores after 3 days of cultivation, and each isolate formed a different cultural band pattern. In addition, the growth rate of Trichoderma spp. in this study was high at 25∼30℃. In addition, in the competition test between isolates and 2 mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus and Flammulina velutipes), it was shown that the growth of mushroom were inhibited in the form of overgrowth or lysis by Trichoderma spp.
병풀의 생육 특성, Asiaticoside 함량 및 항산화 활성 비교
최장남(Jang Nam Choi),오명원(Myeong Won Oh),이희정(Hee Jung Lee),이정훈(Jeong Hoon Lee),정진태(Jin Tae Jeong),이윤지(Yun Ji Lee),장재기(Jae Ki Chang),박춘근(Chun Geon Park) 한국자원식물학회 2021 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.34 No.1
Centella asiatica (L.) Urban is a medicinal plant containing madecassic acid, triterpenoids and asiaticoside, and has a wound healing effect. However, since it grows only in some regions of Korea, it is necessary to breed stable varieties. In this study, it were analyzed for the growth characteristics, asiaticoside, anxiodant components and 2,2-diphenyl-1picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavening activity of C. asiatica collected from domestic natural habitat (Hapcheon, Gyeongnam). In the growth characteristics of each resource, CA9 and CA10 were superior in characteristics of aerial part and in dry weight. In asiaticoside content analysis, CA5 and CA3 were high with 53.96 ㎎/g and 52.40 ㎎/g, respectively. CA12 showed the possibility of development because the resource showed high in total flavonoid (7.3 ㎎/g), total polyphenol (10.64 ㎎/g) and DPPH activity (11.96 ㎎ AAE/g) among other resources. However, it is necessary to select a resource suitable for each characteristic of C. asiatica and to study charateristics through additional resources collection since the excellent growth characteristics of the collected resources do not necessarily coincide with the content and antioxidant activities.
재배조건 및 관수방법에 따른 병풀 (Centella asiatica) 계통의 생육, Asiaticoside 함량과 항산화활성
최장남(Jang Nam Choi),이희정(Hee Jung Lee),이윤지(Yun Ji Lee),정진태(Jin Tae Jeong),이정훈(Jeong Hoon Lee),장재기(Jae Ki Chang),박춘근(Chun Geon Park) 한국약용작물학회 2020 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.28 No.4
Background: Centella asiatica is a well-known medicinal plant having a wound healing effect. In this study, the growth, asiaticoside content, and antioxidant components and activity were investigated in C. asiatica resources under different cultivation and irrigation conditions. Methods and Results: The cultivation and irrigation methods were divided as greenhouse and open field, and sprinkler and sub irrigation. respectively. Growth characteristics were measured in aerial parts of C. asiatica. Asiaticoside content was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. Total polyphenol, total flavonoid and 2,2-diphenyl-1picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity were analyzed for antioxidant activities. Growth was higher under greenhouse and sub irrigation than open field and sprinkler conditions. In the leaves, asiaticoside content was 53.45 ㎎/g (open field) and 34.38 ㎎/g (sub irrigation), total polyphenol was 41.14 ㎎/g (open field) and 25.73 ㎎/g (sub-irrigation), and total flavonoid was 27.26 ㎎/g (open field) and 23.72 ㎎/g (sub-irrigation). DPPH radical scavenging activity in the leaves was 85.97 ㎎·ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g (open field) and 54.83 ㎎·AAE/g (sub irrigation). Conclusions: Asiaticoside and antioxidant components and activity were not accompanied with high yield, although high growth was observed under greenhouse conditions. Therefore, cultural requirements of C. asiatica should be sufficiently considered to suit each purpose.
최장남,김소수,최정혜,백슬기,박진주,장자영,현정은,김세리,김점순,이데레사,Choi, Jang Nam,Kim, So soo,Choi, Jung-Hye,Baek, Seul Gi,Park, Jin Ju,Jang, Ja Yeong,Hyun, Jeong-Eun,Kim, Se-Ri,Kim, Jeom-Soon,Lee, Theresa 한국식품위생안전성학회 2021 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.36 No.5
새싹삼의 곰팡이 발생을 조사하기 위해 18점의 유통중인 새싹삼을 수집하여 곰팡이 발생빈도를 분석하였다. 전체 시료의 총 곰팡이 발생빈도는 평균 113.3-174.1%였고 Penicillium spp.의 발생빈도가 가장 높았다. 곰팡이 발생빈도는 이끼가 잎, 줄기, 뿌리보다 유의하게 높았다. 잎과 줄기에서는 Penicillium spp.이, 뿌리에서는 Fusarium spp.의 발생이 높았으며 각각의 우점종은 P. olsonii와 F. oxysporum으로 동정되었다. 계통발생학적 분석을 통해 Fusarium spp.은 총 9개 종, Aspergillus spp.은 A. westerdijkiae와 A. favus, Penicillium spp.은 총 11개 종이 동정되었다. 곰팡이독소 생성 종으로 알려진 25균주의 독소형을 PCR로 검정한 결과 19점의 균주에서 각 독소형이 확인되었다. 이 중 A. flavus 2점과 A. westerdijkiae 11점이 aflatoxin과 ochratoxin A을 각각 생성하였고 일부 균주는 높은 독소생성능을 보였다. 이 결과는 새싹삼 생산에 있어 곰팡이 발생에 대한 지속적인 모니터링 및 관리방안이 필요함을 시사하였다. In order to investigate frequency of fungal contamination in ginseng sprout, we collected 18 types of retail ginseng sprouts and analyzed them. Overall frequency of fungal contamination ranged from 113.3 to 174.1% with the highest occurrence of Penicillium spp. Fungal detection rate was significantly higher in moss than in stem, leaf and root of ginseng sprout. Penicillium spp. occurred in leaf and stem with the highest incidence and Fusarium spp., in root. Among Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp., P. olsonii and F. oxysporum were dominant, respectively. Nine Fusarium species, Aspergillus westerdijkiae, Aspergillus flavus, and 11 Penicillium species were identified by phylogenetic analysis. PCR screening of mycotoxigenic potential revealed that 19 out of 25 isolates tested were positive for respective mycotoxin biosynthetic gene. Two 2 A. flavus and 11 A. westerdijkiae isolates produced varying amount of aflatoxin or ochratoxin A in czapek yeast extract brothsome of which showed high levels of mycotoxin production. These results suggests a need for continuous monitoring and management program to control fungal contamination in the ginseng sprout production chain.
장광진,구현정,최장남,Chang, Kwang Jin,Koo, Hyun Jung,Choi, Jang-Nam 국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 2015 현장농업연구지 = Journal of practical agricultural resear Vol.17 No.1
Papua New Guinea, birthplace of the South Pacific, is a natural nation which have potential of increasing crops output because it has optimum condition for crop growth as tropical rain forest climate under hot and humid climate. Farming village of Papua New Guinea want to produce crops for create income beyond the self-sufficiency. It needs the technological transfer such as irrigation facilities and understanding of agricultural weather condition for good crops production. In particular, it needs a improvement through pH, EC, ORP for make optimum soil condition and it need the standardization production and farm products what the consumer wants. Internationally technical cooperation is needed for agricultural development of Papua New Guinea and maintenance of international cooperation will help for economic development between the two countries. In particular, basic environment research for agricultural development of Papua New Guinea is expected to play a larger role of technical cooperation of agriculture.
돈분액비의 시용시기가 녹비작물의 생육과 양분생산에 미치는 영향
강세원,장광진,구현정,최장남,Kang, Se-Won,Chang, Kwang-Jin,Koo, Hyun-Jung,Choi, Jang-Nam 국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 2016 현장농업연구지 = Journal of practical agricultural resear Vol.18 No.1
In order to obtain the optimum application time of liquid pig manure (LPM) for growth and nutrient contents of green manure crops (GMCs), the growth and nutrient characteristics of GMCs were evaluated under different application times of LPM in pot experiment. GMCs were sown in Sept. 1, 2012. LPM was treated in soil surface at 15 days before sowing (15DBS), at 0 days after sowing (ASD) and at 25 days after sowing (25DAS). At 60 days after seeding, plant heights of barley and hairy vetch were higher in 15DBS treatment than those in other treatments. Biomass of barley was higher in the order of 15DBS (50.2g plant<sup>-1</sup>) > ASD (49.8g plant<sup>-1</sup>) > 25DAS (48.5g plant<sup>-1</sup>) > control treatment (37.5g plant<sup>-1</sup>). Biomass of hairy vetch in 15DBS treatment was higher than that in other treatments. Nutrient contents of barley and hairy vetch were not different regardless of LPM application times. On the other hand, the amounts of nutrients uptake in 15DBS treatment were higher than those in other treatments. Therefore, in considering growth status and nutrient contributions of GMC, the optimum application time of LPM was 15DBS.
보리 도정이 Fusarium 곰팡이독소 저감에 미치는 효과
백슬기,이미정,나주영,임수빈,최정혜,최장남,장자영,양정욱,이데레사,Seul Gi Baek,Mi-Jeong Lee,Ju-Young Nah,Soo Bin Yim,Jung-Hye Choi,Jang Nam Choi,Ja Yeong Jang,Jung-Wook Yang,Theresa Lee 한국식물병리학회 2023 식물병연구 Vol.29 No.4
곡류의 도정은 곰팡이독소의 분포에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 보리에서의 도정효과를 조사하기 위해 트리코테씬과 제랄레논 독소에 오염된 겉보리 7점과 쌀보리 4점을 일반적으로 사용하는 도정 비율에 따라 도정하였다. 두 종류의 보리는 데옥시니발레놀과 아세틸 유도체(98.1-2,197.8 ㎍/kg), 니발레놀과 아세틸 유도체(468.5-3,965.1 ㎍/kg), 제랄레논(4.1-274.2 ㎍/kg) 등에 동시에 오염되어 있었다. 겉보리를 67%로 도정한 결과 데옥시니발레놀은 90.9%, 니발레놀은 87.7%, 제랄레논은 93.2%가 각각 감소하였다. 70%로 도정한 쌀보리의 경우는 데옥시니발레놀 88.6%, 니발레놀 80.2%, 제랄레논 70.1%이 각각 감소하였다. 두 보리 모두 데옥시니발레놀과 니발레놀의 아세틸 유도체는 100% 감소하였다. 그러나 보리겨는 도정 전 보리에 비해 곰팡이독소가 크게 증가하였다. 겉보리의 겨에서는 데옥시니발레놀, 니발레놀, 제랄레논이 각각 평균 357%, 252%, 169% 증가하였다. 이와 유사하게 쌀보리의 겨에서는 데옥시니발레놀, 니발레놀, 제랄레논이 각각 337%, 239%, 554% 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 보리 낟알의 외피에 존재하는 곰팡이독소가 도정 과정을 통해 효과적으로 제거될 수 있음을 나타낸다. 그러나 도정을 통해 곰팡이독소가 낟알에서 겨로 집적됨에 따라 보리겨를 인축에 활용하기 위해서는 사전에 독소의 오염 수준을 확인할 필요가 있음을 보여준다. Milling can affect the distribution of mycotoxins in small grains. To investigate the effects on barley, seven hulled barley and three naked barley samples naturally contaminated with trichothecenes and zearalenone were obtained and milled at commonly used rates. Both barleys were simultaneously contaminated with deoxynivalenol and its acetyl derivatives (98.1-2,197.8 ㎍/kg), nivalenol and its acetyl derivative (468.5-3,965.1 ㎍/kg), and zearalenone (4.1-274.2 ㎍/kg). Milling hulled barleys at a rate of 67% reduced the mycotoxins in the grain by 90.9% for deoxynivalenol, 87.7% for nivalenol, and 93.2% for zearalenone. The reduction in naked barleys (milled at a rate of 70%) was slightly lower than in hulled barleys, with 88.6% for deoxynivalenol, 80.2% for nivalenol, and 70.1% for zearalenone. In both barleys, the acetyl derivatives of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol were reduced by 100%. However, barley bran had significantly higher mycotoxin concentrations than the pre-milled grains: bran from hulled barley had a 357% increase in deoxynivalenol, 252% increase in nivalenol, and 169% increase in zearalenone. Similarly, bran from naked barley had a 337% increase in deoxynivalenol, 239% increase in nivalenol, and 554% increase in zearalenone. These results show that mycotoxins present in the outer layers of barley grain can be effectively removed through the milling process. As milling redistributes mycotoxins from the grain into the bran, however, it shows that advance monitoring of barley bran is recommended when using barley bran for human or animal consumption.