카드뮴에 의하여 유도되는 Metallothionein 의 흰쥐 간세포내 분포에 관한 연구

최임순,김옥용 ( Rim Soon Choe,Ok Yong Kim ) 한국환경생물학회 1993 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.11 No.1

This study was aimed to see the intracellular localization of Metallothionein which is induced in the hepatocytes of rats against the toxicity of cadmium. The Cd-MT made in the rat hepatocytes by injecting CdCl_2 was then given to a rabbit which produced metallothionein antibody. The avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method was applied to check the existance and induction of metallothionein in the hepatocytes. The serum of the non-immune rabbit did not show any response, while the control group rats showed uniform and weak response through the cytoplasm. But hardly any change was detected around the nucleus and part of the cells which showed a strong response close to their membranes. In the case of the cadmium treated cells, both the cytoplasm and nucleus showed a high sensitivity to the MT. Cells in which blebs were formed particularly sensitive in these blebs. It suggests that in the native state a small quantity of MT exists in the cytoplasm in the form of the compound with Zn. When the cytoplasm is exposed to Cd, MT production is induced. The reason for bleb formation can be Cd triggers impaired Ca^++ transport which increase the cytosolic Ca^++ level. The strong sensitivity of the blebs explain that MT is closely related with blebs, self-defense mechanism against the Cd toxicity.

비소의 급성처리가 흰쥐 간세포의 미세구조와 단백질 합성양상에 미치는 영향

최임순,부문종,노미경,조자영 ( Rim Soon Choe,Moon Jong Boo,Mi Kyeong Ro,Ja Yeoung Cho ) 한국환경생물학회 1991 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The acute effects of arsenic intoxication on hepatocytes were investigated. When cytosol fraction of arsenic-treated rat liver was eluted through Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration chromatography, six specific peaks were observed and six stress proteins were detected on the SDS-PAGE. GSH level decreased at 3 hrs after arsenic injection but increased at 6 hrs. However, it decreased again at 12 hrs. The hepatocytic ultrastructures of rats treated with arsenic changed gradually in the nuclear chromatin and mitochondria. This result suggests defects in cellular organelles by arsenic treatment.

개불(Urechis unicinctus) 자성생식세포의 분화과정에 관한 미세구조연구

최임순,신길상,주충노,황대연,Choe, Rim-Soon,Shin, Kil-Sang,Joo, Chung-No,Hwang, Dae-Yeon 한국현미경학회 1988 Applied microscopy Vol.18 No.1

Since the Urechis unicinctus-oocyte grows asynchronously in the body fluid, various oocytes in developmental stages can be prepared from each individual. The oocytes obtained from the coelomic fluid are then classified into five developmental stages according to the fine structural features. The earlier oocytes (${\sim}18{\mu}m$) form cluster and thereafter the oocytes grow singly without a distinct support of somatic cell, such as accessory cell or matrix cell. The yolk granules begin to appear already in the oocyte of cluster stage, however, the typical yolk was observed at the stage IV. Therefore, it was suggested that the yolk deposition is correlated with the coelomic fluid. The mature oocyte measured about $150{\mu}m$ produces the invagination not only on oolemma(indentation) but also on nuclear envelope. After the formation of the indentation, the mature ooytes are stored in storge sacs. The fine structural features were combined in aspect of structural concept of light microscopical observation.

열충격 및 ${\alpha}$-amanitin과 cycloheximide의 처리를 통한 초기 계배의 체절 형성 기작에 대한 발생학적 연구

최임순,박용빈,김옥용,Choe, Rim-Soon,Park, Yong-Bin,Kim, Ok-Yong 한국현미경학회 1991 Applied microscopy Vol.21 No.2

In order to investigate the factors of the control mechanism of somitogenesis, early chick embryos (H-H stage $8{\sim}13$) were treated with heat shock, ${\alpha}$-amanitin and cycloheximide and morphological changes of somite were examined by light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. In normal chick embryo, somites were formed from the somitomere which preexisted in segmental plate. Somites were wrapped with extracellular collagen fibrils and connected with neural tube, notochord and ectoderm. And then, somites were differentiated to sclerotome, dermatome and myotome by the interaction of nervous tissue. Abnormal somites were observed after formation of six or seven so mites in heat shock treated group. Amounts of collagen fibrils were obviously decreased in this group. In cycloheximide treated group, most so mites were smaller and neural tube formation was incomplete. Chromatins were condenced and formed several heterochromatins in the nucleus of somite cells. Lipid like cytoplasmic dense mass and lipid droplets were also observed. Segmentation of somites seemed to be normal progress in ${\alpha}$-amanitin treated group. Center of somite, however, hollowed in longitudinal sectioned samples. These results suggested that so mites were already existed in the segmental plate as the form of somitomere. Segmented somites were contacted with neural tube or notochord and the somites were tightly connected with each other by the extracellular collagen fibrils which were secreted from neuroepithelium and somite cells. Somites are thought to differentiate into sclerotome, dermatome and myotome by these interactions.

Aflatoxin $B_1$으로 유발되는 흰쥐 간세포의 미세구조 변화 : Butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA) 전처리에 의한 보호 효과

최치용,최임순,차영남,Choi, Chee-Yong,Choe, Rim-Soon,Cha, Young-Nam 한국현미경학회 1991 Applied microscopy Vol.21 No.1

Butylated hrdroxyanisole(BHA), a widely used food additive phenolic antioxidant, is known to inhibit cancer formations inducible with a wide variety of chemical carcinogens including aflatoxin $B_1(AFB_1)$. Thus, in the present study morphological characteristics underlying the hepatoprotective effects of BHA against $AFB_1$ inducible ultrastructural changes of hepatocytes have been examined. The obtained results are as follows : 1 . Livers obtained from rats treated with $AFB_1$ in vivo have been examined with transmission electron microscope. Among the many hepatocellular structural aberrations induced by $AFB_1$ treatment, the nuclear chromatins were found to be distributed irregularly('cap formation') and the nuclear membrane was found to be partially segregated. Furthermore, there were many lipid droplets, hyperplasia of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, dialated rough endoplasmic reticulum and, lysosomes arrested at various stages of its development. 2. Also, when $AFB_1$ was given in vitro to hepatocytes which have been isolated from untreated normal rats and examined under scanning electron microscope, there were much 'blobbing' phenomena resulting from cytoskeletal disturbances. 3. However, in the liver obtained from rats pretreated with BHA and then give the $AFB_1$, the observed morphological aberrations were in much reduced extent. Similarly, the BHA-hepatocytes had much decreased severity in the $AFB_1$ inducible blob formations.

Cadmium 과 Copper 의 영향에 의한 생쥐 신장조직의 미세구조에 관한 연구

유창규,최임순 ( Chang Kyu Yoo,Rim Soon Choe ) 한국환경생물학회 1985 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.3 No.1

This study was made to investigate the structural effect of cadmium and copper on the kidney tissue of male mouse in I.C.R. strain. This was accomplished by comparing the control group with the experimental group dosed by CdCl_2 and CuSO_4. Its were administered into the abdomal cavity with a syringe in the solutoin of 1㎎, 5㎎ and 10㎎ per kilogram body weight. The change of an ultrastructure followed to the poisoning phenomenon that appered after the passing 24 hours 48 hours could be observed through the electron microscopic method. In the case of cadmium 1㎎ experimental group, the microvilli of brush border showed the tendency of becoming shorter and destroyed in comparison with control group in proximal convoluted tubule, and more ribosomes and vacuoles appeared than the control group in irregular arrangement. In the case of cadmium 5㎎ experimental group, more vacuoles were observed comparing with cadmium 1㎎ experimental group, and the cell that is between the uriniferous tubule showde the even destroyed forms and a large number of lipid droplet and vacuoles appeared. In 5㎎ copper treated group, it was showed that chromatins were slightly agglutinated, electron density of mitochondrial cristae was low and several lysosomes in the cytoplasm appeared. More agglutinations of chromatins were observed in 10 ㎎ copper treated group. So, it is considered that copper affect on the distribution of chromatins in te nucleus and inhibit mitochondrial functins. In the case of cadmium 10 ㎎ experimental group, a lot of vacuoles and high-elected ribosomes were appeared and furthermore, many lysosomes were appeared. Mitochondia was also little swelled and this phenomenon seemed that it is caused by the restriction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.

Changes in the Number of Exocrine Granules in Mouse Pancreatic Acinar Cells Induced by Acetylcholine and MNNG in vitro

조응행,최임순,Cho, Eng-Haeng,Choe, Rim-Soon Korean Society of Electron Microscopy 1988 Applied microscopy Vol.18 No.2

췌장비 acinar cell에서 자극-분비 반응 과정을 알아보기 위하여 전자현미경을 이용하였다. 분비 촉진 물질인 아세틸콜린이나 MNNG의 투여에 따른 세포내 반응이 세포의 형태적 변화로서 잘 나타났으며 특히 guanylate cyclase를 활성화시키는 것으로 알려진 MNNG는 투여 후 일정시간 뒤 세포내에 많은 분비물 과립의 형성을 유발하였다. 이러한 결과에서 볼때 췌장의 acinar cell을 아세틸콜린으로 자극할 경우 guanylate cyclase는 지속적 반응 단계의 초기에 분비에 가세하는 것으로 생각되었고 cycloheximide나 dibucaine은 지속적 반응을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 또 췌장의 acinar cell에서는 분비물 과립의 형성이 소포체에서 직접 이루어지는 것으로 생각되었다. The stimulation-secretion coupling in the pancreatic acinar cell have been studied by electron microscope. Morphological changes in the cells exhibited the cellular response induced by acetylcholine and MNNG. MNNG, a guanylate cyclase activator, induced the formation of numerous secretory granules in a period after the agent administration. This result suggest that guanylate cyclase potentiated the early sustained response in pancreatic acinar cells stimulated by acetylcholine. Cycloheximide and dibucaine reduced the secretory granules in number during sustained period. In pancreatic acinar cells, the secretion granules were considered to be directly packaged from cisternal space of endoplasmic reticulum.

인삼 Saponin의 생화학적 연구 (III) 닭의 간 미토콘드리아의 몇가지 탈수소 효소에 미치는 영향

주충노,최임순,정노팔,이상직,김옥희,Joo, Chung-No,Choe, Rim-Soon,Chung, Ro-Pal,Lee, Sang-Jik,Kim, Ok-Hee 생화학분자생물학회 1974 한국생화학회지 Vol.7 No.1

인삼 saponin이 닭의 간 미토콘드리아 탈수소효소에 미치는 영향을 DICPIP (2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol)의 환원을 분광학적으로 측정함으로써 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 간미콘드리아 조제물에 $NAD^+$를 가하면 미토콘드리아의 탈수소효소가 재활성화하며, 인삼 saponin의 농도가 증가함에 따라 그 활성화도가 커지고 1.2%의 saponin 용액을 가했을 때(반응액의 saponin 농도는 0.17%, 약1.7 mM) 최고활성을 보였다. 이것은 saponin이 NAD-linked dehydrogenere의 활성화를 의미하는 것으로 생각된다. 2. TCA 회로의 중요유기산인 $\alpha$-ketoglutarase나 또는 중요아미노산인 L-glutamate를 간 미토콘드리아 조제물에 가하면 saponin의 농도가 증가함에 따라 유기산의 산화가 크게 촉진됨이 관찰되었으며, saponin이 $\alpha$-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase나 Lglutamate dehydrogenase를 활성화함이 예측된다. 3. TCA 회로 효소인 succinate dehydrogenase도 saponin에 의하여 크게 활성화됨이 예측된다. The effects of ginseng saponins on chick's hepatic mitochondrial dehyrogenases were oberved using the dye 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DICPIP) as oxidant. The reduction of DICPIP was measured spectrophotometrically and the following results were obtained. 1. Although chick liver contains much NAD after homogenation, it is well known that NAD is destroyed fairly rapidly by NADase in the liver and virtually no NAD is present by the time the experiment being carried out. It was observed in this experiment that the addition of NAD to the reaction mixture containing mitochondrial preparation restored the action of the dehydrogenases and their activities were raised as the concentration of saponin in the reaction mixture increased and the maximum activity was observed when 1.2% saponin solution was added (the saponin concentration of the reaction mixture was 0.17%, approx. 1.7 mM), indicating that the ginseng saponin might activate NAD-dependent dehydrogenases. 2. When $\alpha$-ketoglutarate, one of the TCA cycle intermediates and/or L-glutamate was added to the above reaction mixture, the reduction of DICPIP was greatly increased in the presence of the ginseng saponin suggesting that the saponin activated $\alpha$-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and/or L-glutamate dehydrogenase. 3. It was also observed that the oxidation of succinate by either hepatic or cardiac mitochondrial preparation of chicken was increased significantly as the concentration of saponin in the reaction mixture increased, showing that the saponin activated flavin-dependent dehydrogenase.

Bithyniidae과 패류 치설의 미세구조에 관한 연구

김재진,최임순,임승섭,한규웅,Kim, Jae-Jin,Choe, Rim-Soon,Lim, Seung-Sub,Hahn, Kyu-Woong,Claus, Meier Brook 한국현미경학회 1988 Applied microscopy Vol.18 No.2

The radulae of six species of bithyniid snails, Bithynia striatula, B. tentaculate, B. siamensis, B. leachi, Gabbia misella and G. australis, were observed by SEM. The radular formula of all the bithyniids studied was 2 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 2. The all teeth were multicuspid and the central teeth had numerous basal denticles. The mesocones of the central and lateral teeth were spade or arrow-head shape. The mesocones of the central teeth and the lateral teeth of B. leachi, G. misella and G. australis were slightly larger than the other cusps in contrast of those of the other species. Number of cusp was varied by the specimen and the species.

개불(Urechis unicinctus) 저정낭내(貯精囊內) 웅성생식세포(雄性生殖細胞)의 분화(分化)

정진욱,최임순,신길상,주충노,Jeong, Jin-Wook,Choe, Rim-Soon,Shin, Kil-Sang,Joo, Chung-No 한국현미경학회 1989 Applied microscopy Vol.19 No.1

The storage sac of U. unicinctus can be divided into two parts morphologically as well as functionally ; one is proximal and the other distal storage sac. It is because of the seasonal morphological change of the storage sac caused by sperm accumulation in the storage sac. The proximal storage sac contains the mature sperm with the dumbbell-shaped acrosome and well developed one or two mitochondria in the middle piece, whilst the sperm of hemispherical acrosome associate closely with an accessory cell in the distal storage sac. This means that the sperm do not perform the synchronous development in a storage sac, which is not the case of sperm development in the coelomic cytophorus. In addition, the basal membrane of the distal storage sac is different from that of the proximal storage sac in term of tissue formation. Connective tissues, acces-sory cells and small lumen develop on the basal membrane of the distal sto-rage sac, which is well contrasted with the thin basal membrane of the proximal storage sac. The function of the storage sac is discussed in rela-tion of the sperm development and the seasonal change.