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한국 정당정치의 저발전과 극복방안에 관한 연구 : 정당의 조직적 특성을 중심으로 focused on the Organization of Politica Parties
최용섭 광주보건대학 2001 論文集 Vol.26 No.-
Korean politics were changed dramatically by the 1988 legislative elections. After 1988 there was significant political liberalization, including greater freedom of the press, greater freedoms of expression and assembly, and the restoration of the civil rights of former detainees. In free and fair elections in December 1992, Kim Young-sam became Korea's first civilian president in nearly 30 years. Kim Dae-jung won the December 1997 presidential election. The trend toward greater democratization continued. However the level of political parties were evaluated very low and underdevelopment in Korea. In present, Korean political parties have capitalized on regional rivalry for their partisan motives. The outcome is the appearance of regional parties whose political strength is not based on policies or platforms but on the exploitation of regional sentiments. This article sheds light on the dilemmas, problems,and contradictions of political parties arising from democratic consolidation in Korea. I explore the characteristics of Korean political parties from the first Republic to the Kim Young Sam regime, assess the problems that has been made, and identify the key social, cultural, and political obstacles to effective and stable development of the political parties in Korea. In conclusion, I suggest some kinds of key solution for overcoming the underdevelopment status of political parties in Korea.
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崔龍燮 광주보건대학 1993 論文集 Vol.18 No.-
Recent transition from authoritarianism to democracy in several of the third states have generated renewed interest in central questions about the proper paths toward democracy. In present, the phenomena of democratization regarded as an universal trends. In view of Samuel p. Huntington, such trends characterized the third waves. The object of this study is to build the model of democratization in comparing democratizating states. In order to compare states use cross national research. The term of this paper is from 1970 to 1990. By this time there has been many analyses on the paths toward democracy, but has scarcely been study using the abstractizied variables. In view of 0'Donell and Philippe Schimitter, in spite of the differences in cultural, historical and environmetal backgrounds, there have been common trends and similarities in the process of democratization of the transitional states. A central assumption of this study is that the democratization of each states can be classified. The tasks of this study, then, are conceptual and contextual. How should we conceptualize the type of paths? Thus, in this paper, we tired to build the model of democratization in using the four variables - the actor of promotion, the velocity of promotion and the scope and method of promotion. On abstract ad historical grounds, we can propose three types of democratization,--democratization from above, democratization from below and symmetrical balanced types. In each types, there is selective affinity between four variables. For example, in democratization from above the actor of promotion is the ruling civilian and military, velocity is gradual, scope is narrow, sequences and method is continual and compromise. In conclusion, it is possible to classify the paths toward democracy on the context in spite of differences.
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선거제도의 개혁 : 정당명부식 비례대표제에 대한 고찰 focused on the proportional representation system
최용섭 광주보건대학 1999 論文集 Vol.24 No.-
The object of this study is to analyze the present electoral system and present an alternative reform bill including constituency system and the proportional representation system. The problems of the present electoral system are summarized to the 'high-cost, low-efficiency', 'chronic regional antagonism'. In this situation, the ruling party and the opposition party are confronted with the method and contents in the election reform bills. The object of the political and election reform bills in the ruling coalition camp-the ruling coalition National Congress for New Politics (NCNP) and United Liberal Democrats (ULD)-roughly aimed at eradicating the 'high-cost, low-efficiency' political structure. Envisioned under the reform bills in the ruling coalition camp are, among other things, the reduction in the number of seats in the National Assembly(299→270); adoption of a multi-seat, medium-size constituency system; the abolition of the political parties' local chapters and downsizing of the central parties; the adoption of a new proportional representation election formula, and a strengthened public election management. The most feature of the new bills is the adoption of a new proportional representation system under which voters are expected to cast two ballots, one for regional candidates and the other for the party of their choice. The number of votes cast for the parties would determine the winners of the proportional seats. The present proportional representation system provides the distribution of seats in proportion to the number of lawmakers elected in constituency races. Introducing the proportional representation system, the ruling coalition is sure of achieving the goal of preventing any single party from winning almost all the seats in a given province, thus helping overcome chronic regional antagonism. The proportional representation system under which each party is given Assembly seats in accordance with the votes becomes nationwide. However, the opposition Grand National Party (GNP) rejected the electoral reform bills. Nevertheless, there is no denying that the new reform program must be designed to put an end to the current political system requiring high cost with low efficiency. In order to realize the goals, all possible means must be mobilized. In the midst of them, the proportional representation system are recommended as the most useful means by the political scientists. Indeed, political reform is regarded as imperative for 'Rebuilding Korea' like other social spheres. Now is the time to accelerate the pace of efforts to remake the stagnant political landscape.
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主體思想과 맑스레닌주의와의 關係 : 統治理念으로서의 位相을 中心으로 With focusing to the rule ideology
최용섭 광주보건대학 1992 論文集 Vol.17 No.-
The purpose of this study analyze the Chucheism and Marx-Leninism as principal ideology in North Korea. The specific objectives of this study are to analyze the Chucheism and Marx-Leninism in terms of period and contest. In order to accomplish the above objectives, the thesis employs the historical approaches and structure-funtional approach. This paper first aimed at investigating the relationship between the Chucheism and Marx-Leninis. In this study the period was classified four stages and the context was analyzed in terms of dialectical materialism, national Communism and proletarian internationalism, the view of revolution.
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김영삼정부하에서의 정치개혁 평가 : 통합선거법 제·개정을 중심으로 focused on the election law
최용섭 광주보건대학 1998 論文集 Vol.23 No.-
The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of political reforms, with special reference to election law and political fund law in Kim(Kim Young Sam)'s Government. To achieve a purpose of this study, accordingly, this article is classified into three parties as follows; 1. political reforms and Kirn's government 2. political reforms and the process of revising laws related to election 3-evaluation on the results of political reforms Since the inauguration of the Kirn's govemmnet, the ruling and opposition parties have been negotiating over the political reform issues, which had led to the creation of a special committee at the House. The election law has been revised at Stimes since legislation in 1994. The election law is controversial issue on how to introduce political reform programs between the ruling party and the opposition party. The bill for political reform law marks a major turning point in Korea's political culture as it will cut costs for elections which previously have been marked by runaway spending. During the Kirn's government, the National Assembly has delibrated major bills related to political reform programs, which' include measures that guarantee the political neutrality of law enforcement authorities, laws managing the election process, laws related to political donation, the broadcast media. In the negotiating process, the primary interest of parties is whether the new bill on the election laws should affect their interests friendly or not. In delibrating, the opposition parties tried to improve their weak status in their pursuit of revising the election laws and other new reform measures. On the otherhand, the ruling party tried to maintain it's dominated status in the political competition. With the passage of the many bills on political reform issues, it's results are very limited. The ruling and opposition camps have taken an adamant position over the political reform issue, carefully weighing its impacts on their parties. Once the measures become law, there will be no room for the parties to renege on their legal commitments to political and election reforms. In the 8th revision, a bill for political reforms, which contains provisions abolishing the current political donation system and large outdoor campaign rallies. More significant is the provision calling for banning large outdoor rallies that require large sums of money for organizing and gathering an audience, which go against the effort to get rid of costly politics. To recall, under the provision, money was mostly funneled to the ruling party and its members, while opposition parties were mostly denied receiving donations. In conclusion, the parties failed to achieve the goals of the political reform, a reform bill must contains various programs to ensure fair elections and promote clean politics with emphasis on less expensive campaigns and partisan activities.
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