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원저(原著) : 일부 남,여 고등학생들의 후천성면역 결핍증에 관한 지식 태도 및 관심도 조사
최병찬 ( Byung Chan Choi ),안진수 ( Jin Soo Ahn ),김철용 ( Chul Yong Kim ),김승환 ( Seung Hwan Kim ),김기홍 ( Ki Hong Kim ) 대한임상병리사협회 1995 임상수혈검사학회 발표자료집 Vol.2 No.1
AIDS was first found in some American homosexuals in 1981. As of June 1994, the number of AIDS infected people world-wide is estimated to be 17~18 millions according to WHO, while the AIDS patients are reported La be 4 millions. At the time when those AIDS infected and patients increase more and their age level is lowering, 432 people have been reported to be AIDS infected in Korea as of March, 1995. Under such circumstances, 890 male and 820 female high-school students were surveyed with 1,710 questionnaires. As a result, it was found that more than 40 percent of the subjects were incorrectly aware that 1) AIDS may be infected through blood donation. 2) AIDS is infected by the same virus as those of sexual disease, 3) Dec. 1st is AIDS day and 4) whether the AIDS prevention Law is promulgated. They showed higher interest in or attitude towards AIDS but showed some exclusivism attitude towards AIDS infected or patients. In conclusion, most subjects were more or less aware of AIDS in general, but their some knowledge was superficial due to lack of public relations. Besides, because their attitudes towards or concern about AIDS people were self-centered. So, it is required that warmer social environment should be created where AIDS people can be comforted or solaced. Considering the fact that 87.9 percent(380 people) out of those 432 AIDS people have been infected through sexual contacts, our youths should be adequately educated for their health and sexual life at school, while ordinary people should continue to be exposed to efficient anti-AIDS programs or campaigns by the government, social organizations or the Red Cross.
원저(原著) : 한국인 헌혈자에서 Anti-HCV Screening과 Confirm의 양성율
최병찬 ( Byung Chan Choi ),고중석 ( Joong Seok Koh ),김병욱 ( Byung Uck Kim ),홍영진 ( Young Jin Hong ),김종필 ( Jong Phil Kim ),강성은 ( Sung Eun Kang ) 대한임상병리사협회 1997 임상수혈검사학회 발표자료집 Vol.4 No.1
1996년 4월 l일부터 1997년 2월 28일까지 채혈한 139,053명의 헌혈자를 대상으로 효소면역 측정법에 의한 C형 간염항체 선별검사에서 LG HCD 3.0 진단시약으로 검사를 실시하였으며, 양성으로 나온 359명은 Immunoblot 방식의 LG-Confirm으로 재검사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 헌혈자 139,053명 중 EIA법에서 359명이 anti-HCV 양성으로 0.26%의 양성률을 보였고, 남자는 289명으로 0.27%, 여자는 70명으로 0.21%의 양성율을 보였으며 남자에 비해 낮았고 연령이 높을수록 높은 양성율을 보였다. 2. EIA법에서 양성자 359명을 LG-confirm으로 검사를 실시한 결과 양성자는 149명(41.5%), 음성자는 189명(52.7%), 보류는 21명(5.8%)으로 나왔으며, 전체적으로는 양성률이 0.11%, 위양성율은 0.14%, 보류는 0.02% 였다. 3. 간기능 검사에서 정상으로 보는 ALT 값 45IU/L 이하가 130,501명 중 선별검사에서 283명(0.22%)과 확인검사에서 83명(0.06%)이 양성으로 나왔으며, 46~59 IU/L이 4,034명 중 선별검사에서 23명(0.53%)과 확인검사에서 17명(0.42%)이, 60 IU/L 이상에서 4,518명 중 선별검사에서 53명(l.17%)과 확인검사에서 49명(1.08%)이 양성융을 보여 ALT값이 높올수록 높게 나왔다. 제3세대 효소면역측정법에 의한 C형 간염항체 선별검사와 확인검사에서 비교해 볼 때 위양성이 많았음을 입증하였으며, 헌혈자에게 위양성으로 인한 검사결과통보는 혈액검사에 대한 신뢰도가 문재가 되기도 했으나, 1997년 l월부터 확인검사를 전면 실시하여 정확한 결과를 통보하여 국민선의로 헌혈한 헌혈자에게 신뢰감을 심어 줄수 있게 됨은 올바른 혈액사업 방향이었다고 사료된다. We screened anti-HCV anti body in 139,053 cases of donated blood which was pooled from April 1st. 1996 to February 28th., 1997 with LG HCD 3.0 EIA kit. 359 cases came out to be positive and we retested the with 'LG-Confirm' kit. Here are the results. 1. Form 139,053 cases of donated blood, 359 cases(0.26%) were positive for anti-HCV by EIA method. Among the anti-HCV positive blood, blood from women was 70 cases and less than that from men. Positive rate was increased in high the age group. 2. We retested 359 positive cases of screening test with 'LG-Confirm'. 149 cases(41.5%) were positive, 189 cases(52.7%) were negative, and 21 cases(5.8%) were indeterminate. Overall, positive, false positive, and indeterminated cases were 0.11%, 0.14%, and 0.02%, respectively. 3. From 130,501 cases of which ALT level was normal limit(45 IU/L), 283 cases(0.22%) in screening test and 83 cases(0.06%) in confirming test were positive. From 4,034 cases of which ALT level was between 46 and 59 IU/L, positive results were 23 cases(0.58%) and 7cases(0.42%) in screening test and confirming test, respectively. Finally in the group which includes cases of which ALT level was above 60 IU/L, 53 cases(1.17%) were positive in screening test and 49 cases(1.08%) were positive in confirming test. We showed that screening test of anti-HCV antibody by the third generation EIA had many false positive results. Although false positive result showed the screening test unreliable, we could guarantee the reliability by executing confirming tests from January, 1997. It is evaluated as ideal policy to execute confirming tests to whole donated blood.
소형펀치시험에 의한 연성-취성천이온도 평가 및 국부파괴강도 해석에 의한 표준시험법과 연계성 분석
오용준(Yong Jun Oh),최병찬(Byung Chan Choi),홍준화(Jun Hwa Hong) 대한기계학회 2001 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2001 No.3
Ductile-brittle transition temperatures for the reactor pressure vessel(RPV) steels were determined using a small punch(SP) test and compared to the results from the Charpy impact test and fracture toughness test using a pre-cracked Charpy V-notched(PCVN) specimen in accordance with ASTM E 1921. The correlation between the transition temperatures from the SP test and standard specimen tests was investigated on the theoretical bases regarding the local criteria for cleavage fracture for different specimen geometries and loading conditions. SP test was performed for the seven conventional RPV steels in the temperature range of RT to -196℃. The samples were taken from 1/4T location of the vessels and machined into 10×10×0.5㎜ dimension. SP transition temperature (T<SUB>sp</SUB>) determined at the middle of upper and lower SP energies showed a good correlation with Charpy index temperature, T<SUB>41J</SUB>ㆍFurthermore, it was found that the T<SUB>sp</SUB> had a meaningful correlation with T<SUB>o</SUB> value from the PCVN test. The finite element(FE) calculation for the SP and PCVN test specimens gave a clue to the correlation. Fracture in SP specimen occurred at the highest stress and strain location and the local fracture stress at the cleavage initiation location for SP specimens showed a linear relationship with that for PCVN specimens in the transition region.
원저(原著) : ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) 일간 측정에 따른 변동성 분석
양혜성 ( Hae Soung Yang ),이현호 ( Hyun Ho Lee ),최병찬 ( Byung Chan Choi ),최범열 ( Bum Ryoul Choi ) 대한임상병리사협회 2002 임상수혈검사학회 발표자료집 Vol.7 No.1
배경 혈액관리법상 ALT의 값이 65 IU/L이상인 헌혈혈액에 대하여 폐기를 하고 있다. 전체 검사부적합 혈액으로 폐기되는 혈액 중에 가장 높은 비율로 49.8%(7792 unit : 2001년도, 중앙혈액원)를 나타냈다. 혈액원의 특성상 헌혈현장에서 검체를 채취하여 검사센터로 운송하여 검사를 시행하고 있으며, 이때 검체는 보관 등의 가변요인이 발생하므로 검체 채취 후 시간이 경과함에 따라 ALT활성도 수치의 변화를 알아보고 추후 검사에 참고자료로 삼고자하여 실험을 실시하였다. 방법 ALT 검사값을 편의상 1-44 IU/L, 45-64 IU/L, 65 IU/L이상 3종류로 구분하여 검체를 원심분리를 하여 상층액 혈청을 분리한 60검체와 혈청을 분리하지않은 60검체를 구별하여 두 그룹으로 분류하였다 30검체는 첫 회 검사 후 냉장(4℃)보관하고 30검체는 실온(18℃)에 보관하여 이틀에 걸쳐 2회 재검사를 실시하였으며, 각 그룹이 시간이 경과함에 따라 OD값의 변화를 관찰하였다. 결과 1. 혈청 분리, 혈청 미분리 그룹간 ALT활성도는 유의수준 1%(P<0.01)에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 2. 혈청 분리 검체 중 냉장보관과 실온보관에서 1일과 2일째 검사의 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 3. 혈청 미분리 검체 중 냉장보관은 1일과 2일째 검사의 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 실온보관은 45-65 IU/L와 65 IU/L이상 그룹에서 유의수준 5%(P<0.05)에서 차이가 있었다. 4. 2일과 3일째 검사결과는 혈청 분리 검체 및 미분리 검체 모두에서 유의수준 5%(P<0.05)와 l%(P<0.0l)에서 차이가 있었다. 결론 혈액원에서는 현실적으로 헌혈현장에서 검사샘플 채취 후 혈청분리를 시키지 않은 상태에서 운송하며, 당일이 아닌 익일에 검사를 하는 경우도 발생하므로 채혈하여 신속하게 검사하지 않으면, ALT활성도 수치가 높아지는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 따라서 샘플도 혈액과 동일하게 냉장운송 등 철저한 샘플관리가 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 추후 혈액사업에 반영되었으면 한다. Background Donation blood was over 65 IU/L level of ALT has been scrapped and burned up. We performed this work to see the change of ALT activity value with time after sampling and make reference data later. Methods We classified the samples by three groups. The ALT levels were 1-44 IU/L, 45-64 IU/L and over than 65 IU/L respectively. After classifing those by two groups, 60 samples separated serum and 60 samples not separated serum, 30 samples were stored at refrigerator(4℃) and the others(30 samples) were stored at room temperature(18℃) s the group. We performed twice repeat test for three days respectively and we observed the change of OD value with time. Results There were differences of ALT activity between samples separated serum and not separated serum(P<0.01). In the case of samples separated serum, There were no differences wether those were stored at refrigerator or not at the first and second days(p>0.01). At the second and third day, results of test were shown difference between sample separated serum and not separated serum(P<0.05, P<0.0l). Conclusion If samples were not treated rapidly after sampling, ALT activity levels were increased more and more as time goes by. So, It is necessary to mange and treat sample throughly like whole blood.