LISREL 을 이용한 주거환경 평가 측정모델 개발 - 대전시 저소득층을 대상으로 -

최목화,김혜정 ( Mock Wha Choi,Hye Jeong Kim ) 대한가정학회 1995 Family and Environment Research Vol.33 No.4

보육시설의 실외놀이 환경실태 및 환경특성에 대한 교사의 평가와 요구

최목화,변혜령,Choi, Mock-Wha,Byun, Hea-Ryun 한국주거학회 2008 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.19 No.6

The purpose of this study is to classify playground types according to the physical characteristics of playgrounds in child care facilities, to analyze the needs of care-givers and to evaluate the adequacy of playgrounds according to playground types. The specific areas discussed in this study were the evaluation of the adequacy in the physical characteristics of playgrounds for children's outdoor play activities by the care-givers, who assist in the outdoor play activities of children and manage safety in the playground, and a report on playground requirements of them. Data was collected from field survey carried out to investigate the physical characteristics of playgrounds of 21 child care facilities. This survey incorporated a structured-questionnaire for the purpose of evaluating the adequacy of the physical characteristics of playgrounds (location and size of the playground, play equipments, the composition of play areas, ground covers, and location of sidewalk in the playground) by the 181 care-givers from the facilities and investigating the needs of them. The major results showed the following. 1) In field survey, it was observed that while the location and the size of the playgrounds varied widely, ground cover, play equipments, and the composition of play area turned out to be identical, regardless of the location and the size of the playgrounds. 2) The playgrounds were classified into five types according to the number of children and the size of the playground. The five types include A-type as a large-scale facility/smallsize playground, B-type as a small-scale facility/large-size playground, C-type as a small-scale facility/small-size playground, D-type as a middle-scale facility/large-size playground, and E-type as a large-scale facility/large-size playground. 3) The adequacy of the physical characteristics of playground in the D-type was evaluated to be higher than that of the other types. The adequacy of the C-type playground was evaluated to be lower than that of the other types in terms of size and the composition of play areas within the playground. 4) The care-givers of the D-type and the E-type playground expressed a desire to install various play equipments, while the care-givers of the C-type playground did not wish to install play equipment. 5) Various outdoor play areas were needed in the D-type playground.

실외놀이터 환경과 아동의 놀이행동에 관한 사례연구

최목화,변혜령,Choi, Mock-Wha,Byun, Hea-Ryung 한국주거학회 2007 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.18 No.3

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between outdoor play environments and child's play behaviors. The data were collected by this study included field measurement survey, and non-participatory observation from 8 child care centers in Seoul. The field measurement survey were conducted from February 20 to March 20, 2005, whereas non-participatory behavior observation were conducted from June 15 to July 10, 2005. The major results showed the following. 1) Most of child care centers were too small, did not use the adequate surfacing to play various activities, and were made of play equipment setting. 2) Child's play behavior focused on functional play activity and construction play activity. 3) The relationship between outdoor play environments and child's play behaviors showed that small outside play environment with monotonous construction of play setting produced functional play behaviors on children. However, in some cases, despite the small and monotonous play area, diverse play behaviors were observed. These playgrounds at least differed from others in that they provided the place where multi purpose play was possible. This finding shows that multi purpose play areas can be an alternative in small playground environment.

'A' 유치원 실외놀이터 계획 사례에 대한 사용자 사후평가

최목화,최병숙,변혜령,Choi Mock-Wha,Choi Byoung-Sook,Byun Hea-Ryung 한국주거학회 2005 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.16 No.3

The purpose of this study is to suggest a basic data of playground design that can arouse various curiosities and interests of children. The 13play areas 'A' kindergartem's playground that parent, music, play equipment, soccer field, water, sand, tunnel, maze, animal, plant, ground hill, bike road, and inner court were evaluated by 16 teachers and 165 children between the age of 4 and 5. POE data of teachers were collected by questionnaire. And children chose and rated very fun and interesting 5 play areas of 13 ones based on the photos. The results were as following. 1) 13 play areas were generally used evenly with diverse purpose. 2) the environment of the play areas was deemed very appropriate. 3) maze area and play equipment area were recognized as the most favored play areas by children. 4) teachers recommended soccer field, plants, maze, tunnel, music area as the most favorable play areas.

대전지역 저소득층의 거주자 특성에 따른 주거 환경 평가

최목화,김혜정 ( Mock Wha Choi,Hye Jong Kim ) 대한가정학회 1995 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.33 No.4

영유아교육기관의 실외놀이터 실태와 만족도에 대한 비교 연구

최목화(Choi, Mock-Wha),변혜령(Byun, Hea-Ryung) 한국생활과학회 2006 한국생활과학회지 Vol.15 No.4

논문편 - 주생활 및 가정관리 분야 : 주거환경과 공간에 대한 만족도 연구 - 대전지역 아파트 거주자를 중심으로 -

최목화 ( Mock Wha Choi ) 대한가정학회 1983 Family and Environment Research Vol.21 No.2

아동보육시설의 실외놀이 환경 디자인지침 개발 연구

최목화(Choi, Mock-Wha),변혜령(Byun, Hea-Ryung) 한국생활과학회 2007 한국생활과학회지 Vol.16 No.4

보육시설 실외놀이 환경과 실외놀이 프로그램 연계를 위한 기초 사례연구

최목화(Choi, Mock Wha),손승희(Son, Seung Hee),임효신(Lim, Hyo Sin) 한국생활과학회 2010 한국생활과학회지 Vol.19 No.5

This study is to provided a basic model to encourage environment and outdoor play programs. The study was based on the analyses of actual activities performed in two child care centers in Daejeon area and the way in which the programs for outdoor play were related to the environment of the centers. Data were collected through ‘The Daily Report of the Outdoor Play Programs: Plan and Evaluation’ paper conducted at each center performed from 2007 to 2009. Following Mockwha Choi et al., (2007), the play observed and described by teachers was analyzed to classify play areas and play activities within each area. The places, equipment and, playthings using in each play period were also examined as well as the limitation and inspiration caused by the environment. The results of the study are as follows: 1) Empty and unfilled space tended to generate more types of non-structural play and role-pretend play 2)Adventurous play was rarely observed. More thoughtfully designed physical environments need to be provided for children to experience challenge and adventure through physical activities 3) Outdoor play environment should be suitable for the overall developments of infants and toddlers depending on their activities. A child care specialist should support the design such environment 4) Naturally, the programs of outdoor play will not be identical for all child care centers. Rather, they should go along with the programmatic characters and environmental attributes of each center. Therefore the awareness of teachers and parents as to the importance of must realize of outdoor play should be further increased.

보육시설의 실외놀이 운영실태 및 교사 인식에 관한 연구

최목화(Choi, Mock-Wha),변혜령(Byun, Hea-Ryung) 한국생활과학회 2010 한국생활과학회지 Vol.19 No.1

This study will examine the current condition of outdoor play in child care centers and the overall perception of teachers on outdoor play in regards to its related programs and children’s reaction to them. Through examining such issues, this study will provide the basic data that can be applied in planning appropriate outdoor play activities, programs and environments. For the study, we surveyed teachers and directors of child care centers using a structured questionnaire. The objects of the survey were 22 child care centers in Daejeon and Seoul, who agreed to conduct the survey. The survey was conducted from August I to September 30 2006; 220 copies were distributed, and 188 copies were collected. The results of the study can be summarized as follows: 1) The number of outdoor plays per week were on average 1-2 in most cases, although teachers believed the play should be done everyday. Outdoor play time was mostly 21-30 minutes, while teachers thought 31-40 minutes as appropriate. Children’s reaction scored the highest when they played outdoors for 30 minutes every day with their teachers involved in the play. As a result, we have concluded that the appropriate outdoor play should be conducted everyday for 30-40 minutes. 2) Outdoor play was mostly conducted as part of the overall educational plan rather than a separate plan. Since outdoor play affects children’s development as much as indoor play, there is a need for development of a specific and separate plan for various outdoor play programs. 3) The outdoor play program that was most often conducted was equipment play and sand play. This indicated the monolithic nature of the outdoor program. Given the fact that children enjoy outdoor plays a lot (M=4.71), various programs including adventure play, sensitive play, and carpenter play should be developed. 4) In outdoor play, the teachers role included supervising and interacting with children. According to the survey, teachers had a good understanding of the importance on safety and supervising issues in outdoor plays. However they seemed to overlook the importance of having better programs and improving teacher’s participation to the play. Despite the importance of outdoor play to children’s development, the result shows that teachers have tendencies to limit and obstruct outdoor plays by emphasizing supervising and safety issues instead. 5) Children’s safety should not be the only consideration for outdoor plays; teachers ought to better understand that children’s development can be maximized by the play. Furthermore, there should be emphasis placed on the program development and teacher’s participation; teacher’s participation should actively encourage the interactions between a child and a teacher, as well as among children.