산란계의 행동에 대한 고찰

천시내(Si-Nae Cheon),이준엽(Jun-Yeob Lee),최희철(Hee-Chul Choi),전중환(Jung-Hwan Jeon) 한국가금학회 2015 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.42 No.2

국내 동물복지 인증 육계농가의 사육시설 및 사육현황

천시내 ( Cheon Si Nae ),유금주 ( Yoo Geum Zoo ),정지연 ( Jung Ji Yeon ),김찬호 ( Kim Chan Ho ),김동훈 ( Kim Dong-hoon ),전중환 ( Jeon Jung Hwan ) 한국유기농업학회 2021 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.29 No.2

The purpose of this study is to obtain basic data on housing facilities and management of broiler welfare certified farms in Korea. We investigated breeds, flock sizes, stocking density, perches, litter, plumage condition, and other diseases. In addition, we measured temperature, relative humidity, light intensity, ammonia, and carbon dioxide concentration in the barn. As result, criteria were met in all cases that we investigated. However, farmers commonly demanded relaxation of perch and litter. Perch usage of broiler was impractical due to low usage of it. Also, litter was increased, resulting in farmers’ economic burden by the imbalance between supply and demand. This situation makes farmers reuse the litter. Unfortunately, there are no clear certification standards. During re-inspection, the animal welfare certification of farms was canceled due to the reuse of litter. It is difficult to modify the standard of perch due to the strong declarative meaning of animal welfare rather than the necessity of perch usage, however, the reuse of litter should be improved. It is important to think and solve any problems faced by all farms. Especially, animal welfare standards need to be improved in more clarity and rationality.

환경온도가 비육돈의 호흡수, 직장 온도 및 체표면 온도에 미치는 영향

천시내(Si-Nae Cheon),박규현(Kyu-Hyun Park),최희철(Hee-Chul Choi),김종복(Jong-bok Kim),권경석(Kyeong-Seok Kwon),이준엽(Jun-Yeob Lee),우샘이(Saem-Ee Woo),양가영(Ga-Yeong Yang),전중환(Jung-Hwan Jeon) 한국산학기술학회 2019 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.20 No.1

최근 우리나라도 지구온난화와 기후 변화의 영향으로 여름이 길어지고 기온이 상승하는 등 이상기후 현상에 의한 피해가 속출하고 있으며 특히, 축산 분야에서 환경온도는 가축의 생산성과 직접적인 연관이 있으므로 매우중요하다. 본 연구는 열 환경에 관한 가축 사양관리 자료를 확보하기 위해 환경온도에 따른 돼지의 호흡수, 피부 및 직장온도의 변화를 조사하였다. 비육돈[(Landrace x Yorkshire) x Duroc, 98.3 ± 6.6kg] 4두를 공시하였으며, 완전 밀폐되어 있는 온습도제어실(Chamber) 내부에 대사틀(150 x 48 x 109 cm)을 설치하여 실험을 실시하였다. 비육돈은 3일간 (25.2 ± 2.4℃, 83.0 ± 5.9%)의 적응 기간을 가진 다음, 동일한 상대습도(68.4 ± 5.9%) 내에서 환경온도(22℃, 24℃, 26℃, 28℃, 30℃)를 구분하여 이틀씩 노출시켰으며, 이 때 별도의 휴식시간 제공 없이 총 10일간 연속적으로 실험을 실시하였다. 사료섭취량(kg/day), 음수량(ℓ/day), 호흡수(breaths/min), 직장온도(℃) 및 체표면 온도(℃)를 하루 2회 측정하였으며, 체표면 온도는 머리, 귀, 목, 등, 옆구리 등 5부위를 측정하여 기록하였다. 실험결과, 호흡수는 26℃구간에서 분당 52.83 ± 15.7회로 증가하기 시작하였고, 30℃구간에서는 71.25 ± 18.3회로 22℃와 24℃구간에 비하여 약 2배 증가하였다(p<0.05). 체표면 온도는 환경온도에 더욱 민감하게 반응하는 것으로 나타났는데 환경온도 30℃구간에서는 측정부위별 온도가 모두 5~7℃씩 증가하였다. 특히 귀와 옆구리 부위의 체표면 온도가 각각 39.84 ± 1.1℃, 39.33 ± 1.0℃로 다른 3부위(머리, 목, 등)의 체표면 온도에 비하여 높게 나타났다. 반면, 직장온도와 사료 섭취량 및 음수량에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. Recently, Korea has been affected by extreme weather events including extended summers and increased temperatures caused by global warming and climate change. Environmental temperature is especially important to the livestock industry because it is closely related to livestock productivity. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of different environmental temperatures on respiration rate, rectal temperature and body-surface temperature in finishing pigs. Pigs (98.3 ± 6.6kg) were housed in individual cages inside an experimental chamber and exposed continuously to one of five environmental treatments (22°C, 24°C, 26°C, 28°C, 30°C) for 10 days without providing additional rest time. Feed and water intake, respiration rate, rectal temperature and body-surface (head, ear, neck, back, side) temperature were measured two times daily during the experimental period. A significant increase in respiration rate from 26°C and in body-surface temperature from 24°C (p<0.05) was observed. At 30°C, the respiration rate had almost doubled and the body-surface temperature increased by about 5°C-7°C. Moreover, ear skin temperature was very sensitive to environmental temperature. However, feed intake, water intake and rectal temperature did not change significantly during the experiment.

사육시설 기준 설정 연구: 사료급여 전 젖소 발성음에 대한 음성학적 분석

천시내,이준엽,양승학,박규현,전중환,Cheon, Si-Nae,Lee, Jun-Yeob,Yang, Seung-Hak,Park, Kyu-Hyun,Jeon, Jung-Hwan 한국축산환경학회 2014 한국축산시설환경학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The goal of this study was to investigate acoustic characteristic of feed anticipating calls of heifers and cows. 6 cows and 6 heifers housed in a pen ($6.0m{\times}10.0m$) which was bedded with sawdust and straw. They were fed a standard ration of commercial concentrate and hay was ad libitum. The calls of heifers and cows were divided into Type 1 and Type 2 which were classified based on the shapes of waveform and spectrograms, respectively. There was difference in the fundamental frequency (P < 0.0001) and $1^{st}$ formant (P < 0.0077) among the calls. Acoustic parameters with the exception of fundamental frequency and $1^{st}$ formant were no difference between cows' calls and heifers' calls (P > 0.05). Duration of cows' calls was lower than that of heifers' calls, whereas the intensity of Type 1 calls was higher than that of Type 2 calls (P > 0.05).

국내 일반 한우농가와 유기 한우농가 사육시설 비교

천시내,이준엽,양승학,박규현,전중환,Cheon, Si-Nae,Lee, Jun-Yeob,Yang, Seung-Hak,Park, Kyu-Hyun,Jeon, Jung-Hwan 한국축산환경학회 2014 한국축산시설환경학회지 Vol.20 No.4

We conducted investigations of the information and welfare of cattle in Korea. The livestock housing of conventional cattle farms and organic cattle farms were open side wall type with winch curtain and used litter floor. The stocking density of conventional (ranging from $10head/m^2$ to $12.5head/m^2$) and organic cattle farms (ranging from $10head/m^2$ to $16.7head/m^2$) met the demand for conventional or organic standards, respectively. The galvanized plate and sunlight plate were used as the roof material in all of farms. Especially, additional areas were provided to produce forage or to improve animal welfare in organic cattle farms. Thus we believe that present data contribute to develop the animal welfare certification for cattle and to improve animal welfare in Korea.

동물복지 관련 육계농가 실태조사

천시내,이준엽,최양호,박규현,김두환,송준익,전중환,Cheon, Si-Nae,Lee, Jun-Yeob,Choi, Yang-Ho,Park, Kyu-Hyun,Kim, Doo-Hwan,Song, Jun-Ik,Jeon, Jung-Hwan 한국축산환경학회 2013 한국축산시설환경학회지 Vol.19 No.1

We conducted investigations of the information and welfare of broiler chickens in Korea. The livestock housing of all broiler chicken farms were windowless type, bell feeder and nipple waterer were used, and stocking density was relatively higher (ranging from 18.2 $birds/m^2$ to 24.2 $birds/m^2$) than RSPCA's welfare standards for chicken hens (less than 19 $birds/m^2$). The ratios of sandwich panel, urethane form, slate, and steel plate in roofing materials were 61%, 21%, 13%, and 5%, respectively. The ratios of sandwich panel, urethane form, brick, and steel plate in wall materials were 61%, 21%, 13%, and 5%, respectively. The ratios of soil and concrete in flooring materials were 10% and 90%. The mist spray, fan, and cooling pad in cooling facilities were 42%, 32%, and 26%, respectively. Thus we believe that present data contribute to develop the animal welfare certification for broiler chickens and to improve animal welfare in Korea.

다단식 산란계 사육시설에서의 산란계 행동변화

천시내,이준엽,최동윤,박규현,송준익,전중환,Cheon, Si-Nae,Lee, Jun-Yeob,Choi, Dong-Yoon,Park, Kyu-Hyun,Song, Jun-Ik,Jeon, Jung-Hwan 한국축산환경학회 2013 한국축산시설환경학회지 Vol.19 No.2

The aim of this study was to investigate the behavioral changes of laying hens in an aviary system. In this study, 500 laying hens (Hyline brown) were held in an aviary system in a open-type poultry house. The behaviors of laying hens were recorded using CCD cameras and a digital video recorder. The data were scanned every 2 min to obtain an instantaneous behavioral sample. In the behaviors of laying hens, 'Feeding' and 'Drinking' increased from 3 d placing chick and stabilized after 5 d placing chick. 'Perching' increased from 19:00 to 05:00, while 'Nest visiting' increased from 06:00 to 18:00. 'Aggressive behavior' decreased gradually after 5 d placing chick. These results suggest that the behaviors of laying hens are changed rapidly for about 5 days after placing chick and the behaviors of the laying hens are almost stabilized at 5 d placing chick.

임신돈 군사장치의 개발

송준익,이준엽,천시내,김두환,박규현,전중환,Song, Jun-Ik,Lee, Jun-Yeob,Cheon, Si-Nae,Kim, Doo-Hwan,Park, Kyu-Hyun,Jeon, Jung-Hwan 한국축산환경학회 2013 한국축산시설환경학회지 Vol.19 No.2

The study was conducted to develop an ESF (electronic sow feeder) for improving animal welfare of group housed gestation sows. Feed intake of both individual and group housed gestation sows was restricted 2 kg a day. ESF system was very effective in reducing feed loss. The amount of feed loss in treatment group (group housed gestation sows with ESF) was only about 55 g, while the amount of feed loss in control group (individually housed gestation sows) was about 200 g. In spend time to feed intake, there was no difference in the result between the control (about 30 min) and the treatment (about 22 min) group. The ESF system ran well without any mechanical problems throughout the entire experiment. These results suggest that the EST is expected to improve the performance feeding of sows.

육계 관련 동물복지 인증기준 비교

유금주 ( Yoo Geum Zoo ),천시내 ( Cheon Si Nae ),김찬호 ( Kim Chan Ho ),정지연 ( Jung Ji Yeon ),김동훈 ( Kim Dong-hoon ),전중환 ( Jeon Jung Hwan ) 한국유기농업학회 2020 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.28 No.4

Animal welfare has become a prominent concern around the world so that the laws and guidelines of animal welfare are being strengthened in many countries including the EU. In Korea, it is required to supplement animal welfare standards because social awareness of animal welfare has changed. This study was conducted to compare broiler welfare certification standards and improve the quality of practice. We found that broiler welfare certification standards differ among countries according to environmental and managemental differences. Standards for stocking density and perch which is considered more important for poultry welfare are similar, but there is a little difference in feed, water, litter and lighting. Therefore, we assumed that theses are able to revise standards taking into account the environment and suggested that the broiler welfare certification standard will serve as a more useful criterion if breeding conditions in Korea are considered.

사육면적에 따른 비육돈의 생산성 및 공격행동의 변화

정지연(Ji Yeon Jung),천시내(Si Nae Cheon),유금주(Geum Zoo Yoo),임세진(Se Jin Lim),전중환(Jung Hwan Jeon),김찬호(Chan Ho Kim) 한국산학기술학회 2021 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.22 No.11

본 연구는 돈사 내 사육밀도에 따른 비육돈의 생산성 및 공격 행동 특성을 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 돈사별 사육 밀도는 저밀도(0.6㎡), 중밀도(0.8㎡), 고밀도(1.0㎡)로 구분하여 돈방별로 8두씩 총 24두 (평균체중 : 75.1±4.3kg)를 공시하여 총 56일간 사양시험 및 공격행동 분석을 실시하였다. 사양시험기간 동안 사료와 물은 자유섭취하게 하였다. 시험종료시 체중과 증체량 및 일당증체량은 저, 중밀도 사육이 고밀도 사육과 비교하여 유의적으로(p <.01) 증가하였으며, 도체중은 저밀도 및 중밀도 사육시 유의적으로 (p <.01) 증가하였으며, 등지방두께는 저밀도 사육 시 유의적으로 (p <.01) 증가하였다. 공격행동 분석의 결과는 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았지만, 공격행동 빈도가 저밀도 군에서 평균 32.0회로 가장 낮은 빈도로 발생하였다. 또한 귀물기, 몸통물기, 싸움행동은 사육밀도에 따른 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으나, 귀물기 행동에서는 중밀도 처리구에서 저밀도 및 고밀도 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 (p<.05) 증가하였다. 본 연구 결과 비육돈의 사육밀도는 생산성 및 공격행동에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. This study examined the growth performance and aggressive behavioral characteristics of growing pigs of different stock densities. Totally, 24 growing pigs (average weight: 75.1±4.3kg) were randomly assigned to one of the 3 stock densities, each pen containing 8 pigs: low density (0.6㎡/pig), medium density (0.8㎡/pig), and high density (1.0㎡/pig). All animals were fed ad libitum diet for 56 days. Our results indicate that the final body weight, body weight gain, average daily gain, and dressed weight, are greater for low and medium density stocks (p <0.01), as compared to the high density stock. Backfat thickness was greater for low density than other densities (p <0.01). Behavior analysis revealed lowest frequency of aggression in the low density group, with an average of 32.0. No significant differences were obtained for ear biting, body biting, and fighting, among the stock densities. However, ear biting was greater in the medium density stock than in the other densities (p <0.05). Results of this study confirm that the stock density of finisher pigs exerts considerable effect on the weight gain and aggressive behavior of the animals.