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지선진 한국관광학회 2006 관광학연구 Vol.30 No.2
This paper observes the distinction among institutionalized mass tourist, semi-institutionalized tourist and non-institutionalized tourist in the context of tourist behavior and socio-economic impact on the region. The characteristics of backpackers or budget travellers as a form of independent travel are elaborated through the qualitative literature review. Also, data collected from international visitors in Seoul with 433 respondents indicate that these non-institutionalized tourists or backpackers exhibit characteristics which differentiate them from other visitors and that they are of economic importance to destination society. Observing the favorable roles of non-institutionalized tourists to our national/local economy, author warns the concerned authorities of too wrongly supporting of mass tourism policy
탈근대 관광의 개념과 그 사회문화적 형성 -국내 관광상품 기획판매자 심층인터뷰의 해석-
지선진 한국관광학회 2013 관광학연구 Vol.37 No.4
본 연구는 국내관광 트렌드 및 그 사회문화적 형성요인을 파악하고자 국내 관광상품 기획판매자를 심층인터뷰하고 탈근대 관광의 통합론적 개념 모형에 비추어 에틱 관점에서(etic perspective) 이를 해석하였다. 탈근대 관광은 기호와 이미지에 대한 관광소비를 선호하고, 개별화된 관광이 증가하며, 타분야와 융복합된 관광행태의 증가, 지속가능한 관광에 대한 사회적 관심 증가 등의 패턴을 망라하는 개념으로 재정의 될 수 있다. 최근 국내관광 트렌드는 탈근대 관광의 개념적 근간인 ‘컴퓨터 정보기술의 발달’을 배경으로 형성되었으며, 특히 자동차의 보급과 인터넷의 발달로 개별화된 관광이 일반화되었고, TV나 영상매체에서 보여지는 이미지가 기호와 이미지에 대한 관광소비 문화를 이끄는 것으로 인식되었다. 또한, 관광과 타분야가 융복합된 경향은 주로 ‘일상생활, 지역문화, 자녀교육’과 국내관광이 탈분화된 것으로 이해되었으며 여기에는 정부정책, 소득수준 향상, 저출산과 핵가족화, 주5일 수업제와 근무제 등과 같은 사회구조적 요인들이 영향을 미친 것으로 해석되었다. 한편, 환경친화적 관광활동인 ‘걷기’가 최근 사회적 붐을 이루고 있으나, 이는 지속가능한 관광에 대한 관심에 기인하기 보다는 ‘내적 성찰’에 대한 욕구와 건강에 대한 관심, 경제적인 요인들이 복합적으로 작용한 것으로 보인다. Focusing on etic perspective of post-modern tourism concept, author interprets domestic tourism trends and the factors influencing the trends using the in-depth interview data of the domestic tourism providers' in Korea. The concept of post-modern tourism can be re-defined as general tourism trends for consumption of signs and images or preference for experience of simulation, individualized tourism, dedifferentiation of tourism from other domains such as arts, music, education, architecture, sports and so on, and concerning for sustainable tourism. Aesthetic images shown on TV or mass media trigger the tourism consumption of signs and images at destination. The increased number of owner drivers and advanced info-communication technology augment independent tourism trend. Also, the domain of tourism is dedifferentiated from daily life, regional culture, education due to national policies and socio-economic factors such as increase of the income, growing nuclear family households, a five day school week system. Finally, sustainable tourism is not considered as a general tourism trend though some social enterprises and government authority pursue it.
지선진 문화관광연구학회 2000 문화관광연구 Vol.2 No.2
The purpose of this study is to examine the Clawson's travel demand model for its exact interpretation and application. The qualitative method such as theory review and meta-analysis was used as the research methodology in this study. The results of the study can be summarized as follows; (1) One-way travel cost which is used as a proxy variable of price in the Clawson's model should be replaced with round trip cost to develop the travel demand model of whole experience. (2) The research on the time value which is excluded in the Clawson's model should be discussed continuously. Since there is so much traffic jam in Korea, the psychological cost for the travel time must be included in the model. (3) The consumer's surplus in the Clawon's model is different from traditional one showing in the economics on the demand curve. That is to say, the demand curve in the Clawson' model which uses not the price per a unit but the added willingness to pay as a explanatory variable means the consumer's surplus itself, (4) The application of TCM and CVM is adaptable only to the public tourism resources. (5) The value of tourism resources consists of use value which can be measured by TCM and preservation value which is measured by CVM. (6) Since TCM and CVM are measurement methods with different concepts each other, it is not useful to discuss which one in better or more exact valuation method. The value of tourism resources could be estimated even more accurately only through combining the two methods.